Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
Mapaipi a Loaw Mapaipi awa amapangidwa ndikupanga mbale yachitsulo kukhala mawonekedwe a cylindrical komanso yayitali yowuzira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolowerera zowonera ku Arc. Nayi chidule cha mapaipi a Lsaw:
Kupanga:
● Kukonzekera kwa Plate: Mbale zapamwamba kwambiri zimasankhidwa kutengera zofunikira zina, kuonetsetsa zomwe mukufuna, zomwe mukufuna.
● Kupanga: Mbale yachitsulo imapangidwa mu chitoliro cha cylindrical kudutsa njira ngati kuwerama, kugudubuzika, kapena kukanikiza (JCcoe ndi uoe). M'mphepetewo ndi opindika kuti athandize kuyala.
● Kuwala kwa: Kutentha kwa Arc Kutcherera (kuwona) kumagwira ntchito, komwe arc amasungidwa pansi pa chimfine. Izi zimapanga ma wed-apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi zilema zochepa komanso zosintha kwambiri.
● Akupanga kuyesedwa: Pambuyo potchera, kuyesedwa kwa akupanga kumachitika kuti mudziwe zolakwika zilizonse zamkati kapena zakunja mu zone.
● Kukulitsa: Chitolirochi chitha kukulitsidwa kuti mukwaniritse mainchesi omwe mukufuna ndi mabatani, kulimbikitsa kulondola kwa zinthu.
● Kuyendera chomaliza: Kuyesa kwathunthu, kuphatikizapo kuyendera kowoneka, mawonekedwe a mtundu, ndi mayeso oyenda, amayesa payipi.
Ubwino:
● Mavuto okwera mtengo: Mapaipi a Lsaw amapereka yankho labwino kwambiri pamapaipi ikuluikulu ndi mapangidwe ogwiritsira ntchito zojambula chifukwa cha njira yoyenera yopanga bwino.
● Mphamvu kwambiri: njira yayitali yotentha yotentha imadzetsa mapaipi okhala ndi mphamvu zolimba komanso yunifolomu.
● Kulondola kwenikweni: Mapaipi a Lisaw akuwonetsa kukula kolondola, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera ntchito ndi kulolera kokwanira.
● Zoyala zotambidwa: Kuuzidwa kwa Arc kumapanga ma welld apamwamba kwambiri ndi zolakwika zochepa.
● Mapaipi a Lisaw amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mafuta ndi mpweya, zomanga, ndi zowonjezera madzi, chifukwa chosinthasintha komanso kulimba.
Chidule
Kulembana
API 5l: Gr.b, x42, x46, x52, x56, x50, x60, x65, x75, x80, x80 |
ASTM A252: Gr.1, Gr.2, GR.3 |
En 10219-1: S235Jrh, S275J00h, S275J02h, S355J2h, S355J02h, S351K2h |
En10210: S235Jrh, S275J00h, S275J02h, S351000, S355J02h |
Astm A53 / A53m: Gr.A, GR.B |
En 10217: p195tr1, p195tr1, p235tr2, p265tr1, p265tr2 |
Din 2458: St37.0, ST44.0, ST52.0 |
Monga / NZS 1163: Gired C250, Gired C350, GUDA CIGHER C450 |
GB / T 9711: L175, L210, L245, L290, L360, L315, L450, L450, L485 |
Astma671: CB70 / CC70 / CC65, CB65 / CF70 / CF72 / CF72, CG100 / CJ100 / CJ100 |
Kupanga
Kunja kwa mainchesi | Kupezeka kwa khoma la pamunsi pazitsulo | |||||||
Nsonga | mm | Kalasi yachitsulo | ||||||
Nsonga | mm | L245 (gr.b) | L290 (x42) | L360 (x52) | L415 (x60) | L450 (x65) | L485 (x70) | L555 (x80) |
16 | 406 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
18 | 457 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
20 | 508 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
22 | 559 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-43mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
24 | 610 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-43mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
26 | 660 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-43mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
28 | 711 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-43mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
30 | 762 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35MM | 7.0-32.0mm |
32 | 813 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35MM | 7.0-32.0mm |
34 | 864 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35MM | 7.0-32.0mm |
36 | 914 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35 | 8.0-32.0mm |
38 | 965 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35 | 8.0-32.0mm |
40 | 1016 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35 | 8.0-32.0mm |
42 | 1067 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35 | 8.0-32.0mm |
44 | 1118 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-5mmm | 9.0-32.0mm |
46 | 1168 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-5mmm | 9.0-32.0mm |
48 | 1219 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-5mmm | 9.0-32.0mm |
52 | 1321 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-5mmm | 9.0-32.0mm |
56 | 1422 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10,0-5mm | 10,0-22.0mm |
60 | 1524 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10,0-5mm | 10,0-22.0mm |
64 | 1626 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10,0-5mm | 10,0-22.0mm |
68 | 1727 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10,0-5mm | 10,0-22.0mm |
72 | 1829 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10,0-5mm | 10,0-22.0mm |
* Kukula kwina kumatha kusinthidwa mutakambirana
Mankhwala Opangidwa ndi Makina a Lsaw Lachitsulo
Wofanana | Giledi | Mankhwala opangidwa (max)% | Makina othandizira (min) | |||||
C | Mn | Si | S | P | Mphamvu (MPA) | Mphamvu ya kukhala (MPA) | ||
GB / T700-2006 | A | 0.22 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0.050 | 0.045 | 235 | 370 |
B | 0,2 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 235 | 370 | |
C | 0.17 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 235 | 370 | |
D | 0.17 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 235 | 370 | |
GB / T1591-2009 | A | 0,2 | 1.7 | 0,5 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 345 | 470 |
B | 0,2 | 1.7 | 0,5 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 345 | 470 | |
C | 0,2 | 1.7 | 0,5 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 345 | 470 | |
Bs en10025 | S235J5 | 0.17 | 1.4 | - | 0.035 | 0.035 | 235 | 360 |
S275JR | 0.21 | 1.5 | - | 0.035 | 0.035 | 275 | 410 | |
S355J5 | 0.24 | 1.6 | - | 0.035 | 0.035 | 355 | 470 | |
Din 17100 | St37-2 | 0,2 | - | - | 0.050 | 0.050 | 225 | 340 |
St44-2 | 0.21 | - | - | 0.050 | 0.050 | 265 | 410 | |
ST52-3 | 0,2 | 1.6 | 0,55 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 345 | 490 | |
Jis g3101 | SS400 | - | - | - | 0.050 | 0.050 | 235 | 400 |
SS490 | - | - | - | 0.050 | 0.050 | 275 | 490 | |
API 5L PSL1 | A | 0.22 | 0,9 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 210 | 335 |
B | 0.26 | 1.2 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 245 | 415 | |
X42 | 0.26 | 1.3 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 290 | 415 | |
X46 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 320 | 435 | |
X52 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 360 | 460 | |
X56 | 0.26 | 1.1 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 390 | 490 | |
X60 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 415 | 520 | |
X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 450 | 535 | |
X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 585 | 570 |
Muyezo & kalasi
Wofanana | Zitsulo Zitsulo |
API 5l: Chidule cha chitoliro cha mzere | Gr.b, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X60, X65, X70, X70 |
ASMM A252: Vorication Creation of Welded ndi Schiel Spees | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
En 10219-1: ozizira ozizira okhala ndi zida zowoneka bwino za siloy ndi zitsulo zabwino | S235Jrh, S275J0hh0, S275J2h, S351000h, S355J02h, S351K2h |
En10210: Magawo otentha osakanikirana a osavomerezeka ndi zitsulo zabwino | S235Jrh, S275J0hh0, S275J2h, S351000h, S355J02h, S351K2h |
Astme A53 / A53M: Chipatukwa, chitsulo, chachitsulo chakuda ndi chovindidwa, zinc-bedie, zowala komanso zosasangalatsa | Gr.a, gr.b |
En10208: Mapaipi achitsulo ogwiritsira ntchito pa mapaipi oyendera mapaipi mu mafuta a petroleum ndi zachilengedwe. | L210GA, L235GA, L245GA, L290GA, L360GA |
En 10217: kuwotchera ma tubel achitsulo kuti mukakamize | P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
Mapaipi a Svae 2458: Mapaipi a Zithunzi ndi machubu | ST37.0, ST44.0, ST52.0 |
Monga / NZS 1163: New Zealand Standard of Cold-Maine Ozizira | Gire Cage C250, GAWI C350, GUA C450 |
GB / T 9711: Mafakitale Achilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe - Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ma pichelines | L175, L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L315, L415, L450, L485 |
ASMM A671: Chitoliro cha magetsi otchetcha cha m'mlengalenga komanso kutentha | CB 55, CB 60, CB 70, CB 70, CC 60, CC 65, CC 70 |
ASMM A672: Chipilala cham'madzi chotchetcha chamagetsi chogwirira ntchito kwambiri pamatenthedwe apamwamba. | A45, A55, A55, B60, B65, B75, C55, C65, C65 |
Astme A691: Carbon ndi Alloy Chifuwa, magetsi ophatikizidwa ndi ntchito yayitali kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. | Cm-65, masentimita 70, masentimita 75, 1 / 2cr-1 / 2Mo, 1cr-1 / 2Mo, 2-1 / 4cr, 3CR |
Kupanga

Kuwongolera kwapadera
● Kuyang'ana zinthu
● Kusanthula kwamankhwala
● Mayeso oyenda
● Kuyendera
● Chongani cheke
● Kuyesedwa
● Ziyeso zakhudzidwa
● kuyeserera kwadongosolo
● Kuyesedwa kowononga (ut, pt)
● Kuyeserera kwazosangalatsa
● Kusanthula microstrucle
● Kudulira ndi kuyesa
● Kuyesedwa kwa Harness
● Mayeso a hydrostatic
● Kuyesedwa kwachitsulo
● Masewera a hydrogen
● Kupsinjika kwa mayeso a Sulfatide (SSC)
● Kuyesa kwa Eddy
● Kupenda ndi Kuyendera
● Kubwereza Zolemba
Kugwiritsa ntchito & kugwiritsa ntchito
LSAW (Istadinasinal Motmerged Stulling) mapaipi achitsulo amapeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamakampani osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kukhulupirika ndi kusiyanasiyana. Pansipa pali zina mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi mapulogalamu a Mapaipi a Lsaw:
● Kuyendetsa mafuta kwa mafuta ndi mafuta: Mapaipi a Lsaw amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a mafuta ndi gasi pamapaipi. Mapaipi awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mafuta onunkhira, mpweya wachilengedwe, ndi madzi ena kapena mpweya.
● Mapazi amadzi: Mapaipi a Lisaw amagwiritsidwa ntchito polojekiti yokhudzana ndi madzi, kuphatikizapo magetsi amadzi ndi njira zoyambira.
● Makutu a Lisaw: Mapazi a Lsaw amagwira ntchito m'makampani azachilengedwe komwe amalemba ntchito popereka mankhwala, zakumwa, ndi mpweya m'njira yotetezeka komanso yabwino.
● Zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga: Ziphuphu izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga maziko, milatho, ndi mapulogalamu ena.
● Pindani: Mapaipi a Lisalaw amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito popanga mapulogalamu kupereka chithandizo choyambirira pantchito zomanga, kuphatikiza maziko omanga ndi magulu am'mimba.
● Mphamvu zamagetsi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za mphamvu, kuphatikizapo madzi ndi mafuta m'madzi mu mitsinje yolimba.
● Migodi: Mapaipi a Lsaw amapeza ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito migodi yofotokozera zinthu ndi zingwe.
● Njira zamakono monga kupanga ndi kupanga mapaipi osiyanasiyana a njira zosiyanasiyana mafakitale, kuphatikizapo kupereka zida zopangira komanso zomalizidwa.
● Malo opatsa mphamvu: Ziphuphu izi ndizofunikira pakupanga zomangamanga monga misewu, misewu yayikulu, komanso zofunikira mobisa.
● Chithandizo cha LSAW chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zogwirizanitsa, zigawo, ndi mitengo yomanga ndi ntchito zomangamanga.
● Kutumiza mabuku: Pakampani yotumizira anthu, matope a LSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mbali zosiyanasiyana za zombo, kuphatikizapo zombo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu.
● Makampani Oyendetsa Magalimoto: Mapaipi a Lsaw angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu, kuphatikizapo njira zolimbikitsira.
Ntchitozi zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa mapaipi a Lsaw kudutsa magawo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chokwanira, mphamvu, komanso zoyenera kutengera zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana.
Kunyamula & kutumiza
Kuloza koyenera ndi kutumiza kwa LSAW (Istaudinal Highmed Mapaipi achitsulo ndi kofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti amayendetsa bwino ndikutumiza kopita kosiyanasiyana. Nayi mafotokozedwe a njira zonyamula ndi zotumizira za mapie a Lsaw:
Kulongedza:
11
● Chitetezo: Mapeto a chitoliro amatetezedwa ndi ma pulasitiki kuti apewe kuwonongeka panthawi yoyenda. Kuphatikiza apo, mapaipi amatha kuphimbidwa ndi zinthu zoteteza kuti zitchinjirize ku zinthu zachilengedwe.
● Kulemba kwa Anti-kuphimbidwa: Ngati ziphuphu zimakhala ndi zokutira zonyansa, kukhulupirika kwa zolukidwa kumatsimikiziridwa pakunyamula kuteteza kuwonongeka pakugwiritsira ntchito ndi mayendedwe.
● Kulemba chizindikiro ndi kulemba: Mtolo uliwonse umalembedwa ndi chidziwitso chofunikira monga kukula kwa chitoliro, kalasi, nambala yamatenthedwe, ndi mitundu ina yosadziwika.
● Mitolo imamangiriridwa mosatekeseka pa mitsuko kapena skids kuti mupewe kuyendayenda.
Manyamulidwe:
● Mitundu yoyendera: Mapaipi a Lisaw amatha kutumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera, kuphatikiza msewu, njanji, nyanja, kapena mpweya, kutengera komwe mukupita.
● Zipilala: Mapaipi amatha kutumizidwa muzotengera kuti atetezedwe, makamaka panjira zakunja. Zotengera zimadzaza ndi zotetezedwa kuti zisasunthire panthawi yoyenda.
● Zikampani: Makampani odziwika bwino omwe ali ndi zonyamula kapena onyamula zisoting'ono amakumana ndi zitsulo zachitsulo zomwe zimachitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenera kuperekera zakudya.
● Zolemba zamakhalidwe: Zolemba zofunikira, kuphatikizapo ndalama zogulira, satifiketi zochokera, ndi zolemba zina zovomerezeka, zimakonzedwa ndikutumizidwa ku zombo zapadziko lonse lapansi.
● Inshuwaransi: Kutengera mtengo ndi chilengedwe cha katundu, inshuwaransi ingakonzedwe kuti iteteze zochitika zosayembekezereka panthawi yoyenda.
● Kutsatira: Njira zamakono zamakono zimalola onse otumiza ndi wolandila kuti atsatire kupita patsogolo kwa zotumizira munthawi yeniyeni, kuonetsetsa kuti kuwonekera ndi zosintha nthawi ndi nthawi.
● Kupereka: Mapaipi amatsitsidwa komwe akupita, kutsatira njira zotsitsa kuti mupewe kuwonongeka.
● Kuyendera: Tikafika, mapaipi amatha kuyendera kuti atsimikizire momwe alili komanso kutsatira zomwe angalandire asanavomerezedwe.
Zojambula zoyenera kunyamula ndi kutumiza zimathandizira kupewa kuwonongeka, kusungabe umphumphu ndi zipambaso zachitsulo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akufika komwe akupita bwino komanso moyenera.
