Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
Mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) ndi mtundu wa chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa chomwe chimadziwika ndi njira yawo yapadera yopangira komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa amapangidwa popanga mbale yachitsulo kukhala mawonekedwe a cylindrical ndikuyilumikiza mozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizira za arc. Nayi chidule cha mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW:
Njira Yopangira:
● Kukonzekera Mbale: Mbale zachitsulo zapamwamba zimasankhidwa kutengera zofunikira zinazake, kuonetsetsa kuti makina ndi kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi zinthu zofunika.
● Kupanga: Chitsulocho chimapangidwa kukhala chitoliro chozungulira kudzera mu njira monga kupindika, kuzunguliza, kapena kukanikiza (JCOE ndi UOE). M'mbali mwake mumakhala mozungulira kale kuti muzitha kuwotcherera.
● Kuwotcherera: Kuwotcherera kwa arc wodzazidwa ndi madzi (SAW) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe arc imasungidwa pansi pa flux layer. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma weld apamwamba azikhala ndi zolakwika zochepa komanso kusakanikirana bwino.
● Kuwunika kwa Ultrasound: Pambuyo powotcherera, kuyezetsa kwa ultrasound kumachitika kuti azindikire zolakwika zilizonse zamkati kapena zakunja mu gawo la weld.
● Kukulitsa: Chitolirocho chikhoza kukulitsidwa kuti chifike kukula kwa khoma ndi m'mimba mwake komwe mukufuna, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale cholondola kwambiri.
● Kuyang'anira Komaliza: Kuyesa kwathunthu, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana maso, kuyang'ana miyeso, ndi kuyesa katundu wa makina, kumatsimikizira ubwino wa chitolirocho.
Ubwino:
● Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Moyenera: Mapaipi a LSAW amapereka njira yotsika mtengo yogwiritsira ntchito mapaipi akuluakulu komanso kapangidwe kake chifukwa cha njira yawo yopangira zinthu bwino.
● Mphamvu Yaikulu: Njira yowotcherera ya nthawi yayitali imapangitsa mapaipi kukhala ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito komanso zofanana.
● Kulondola kwa Miyeso: Mapaipi a LSAW ali ndi miyeso yolondola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zolekerera zolimba.
● Ubwino wa Welding: Welding ya arc yomwe imalowa m'madzi imapanga welds zapamwamba kwambiri zokhala ndi fusion yabwino kwambiri komanso zolakwika zochepa.
● Kusinthasintha: Mapaipi a LSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mafuta ndi gasi, zomangamanga, ndi madzi, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kulimba kwawo.
Mwachidule, mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolondola komanso yothandiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapaipi azikhala osinthasintha, otsika mtengo, komanso olimba oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Mafotokozedwe
| API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| ASTM A252: GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
| EN 10219-1: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
| EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
| ASTM A53/A53M: GR.A, GR.B |
| EN 10217: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
| DIN 2458: St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 |
| AS/NZS 1163: Giredi C250, Giredi C350, Giredi C450 |
| GB/T 9711: L175, L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L390, L415, L450, L485 |
| ASTMA671: CA55/CB70/CC65, CB60/CB65/CB70/CC60/CC70, CD70/CE55/CE65/CF65/CF70, CF66/CF71/CF72/CF73, CG100/CH100/CI100/CJ100 |
Mitundu Yopangira
| M'mimba mwake wakunja | Makulidwe a khoma omwe alipo a kalasi yachitsulo yocheperako | |||||||
| Inchi | mm | Kalasi yachitsulo | ||||||
| Inchi | mm | L245(Gr.B) | L290(X42) | L360(X52) | L415(X60) | L450(X65) | L485(X70) | L555(X80) |
| 16 | 406 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
| 18 | 457 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
| 20 | 508 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-40mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
| 22 | 559 | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-50.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-43mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
| 24 | 610 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-45.0mm | 6.0-43mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
| 26 | 660 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-43mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
| 28 | 711 | 6.0-57.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-55.0mm | 6.0-48.0mm | 6.0-43mm | 6.0-31.8mm | 6.0-29.5mm |
| 30 | 762 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35mm | 7.0-32.0mm |
| 32 | 813 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35mm | 7.0-32.0mm |
| 34 | 864 | 7.0-60.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-58.0mm | 7.0-48.0mm | 7.0-47.0mm | 7.0-35mm | 7.0-32.0mm |
| 36 | 914 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35mm | 8.0-32.0mm |
| 38 | 965 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35mm | 8.0-32.0mm |
| 40 | 1016 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35mm | 8.0-32.0mm |
| 42 | 1067 | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-60.0mm | 8.0-52.0mm | 8.0-47.0mm | 8.0-35mm | 8.0-32.0mm |
| 44 | 1118 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-35mm | 9.0-32.0mm |
| 46 | 1168 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-35mm | 9.0-32.0mm |
| 48 | 1219 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-35mm | 9.0-32.0mm |
| 52 | 1321 | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-60.0mm | 9.0-52.0mm | 9.0-47.0mm | 9.0-35mm | 9.0-32.0mm |
| 56 | 1422 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
| 60 | 1524 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
| 64 | 1626 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
| 68 | 1727 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
| 72 | 1829 | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-60.0mm | 10.0-52mm | 10.0-47.0mm | 10.0-35mm | 10.0-32.0mm |
* Kukula kwina kumatha kusinthidwa pambuyo pokambirana
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala ndi Kapangidwe ka Makina a Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha LSAW
| Muyezo | Giredi | Mankhwala Opangidwa (pazonse)% | Katundu wa Makina (mphindi) | |||||
| C | Mn | Si | S | P | Mphamvu Yopereka (Mpa) | Mphamvu Yokoka (Mpa) | ||
| GB/T700-2006 | A | 0.22 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0.050 | 0.045 | 235 | 370 |
| B | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0.045 | 0.045 | 235 | 370 | |
| C | 0.17 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 235 | 370 | |
| D | 0.17 | 1.4 | 0.35 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 235 | 370 | |
| GB/T1591-2009 | A | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 345 | 470 |
| B | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 345 | 470 | |
| C | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 345 | 470 | |
| BS EN10025 | S235JR | 0.17 | 1.4 | - | 0.035 | 0.035 | 235 | 360 |
| S275JR | 0.21 | 1.5 | - | 0.035 | 0.035 | 275 | 410 | |
| S355JR | 0.24 | 1.6 | - | 0.035 | 0.035 | 355 | 470 | |
| DIN 17100 | ST37-2 | 0.2 | - | - | 0.050 | 0.050 | 225 | 340 |
| ST44-2 | 0.21 | - | - | 0.050 | 0.050 | 265 | 410 | |
| ST52-3 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 0.55 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 345 | 490 | |
| JIS G3101 | SS400 | - | - | - | 0.050 | 0.050 | 235 | 400 |
| SS490 | - | - | - | 0.050 | 0.050 | 275 | 490 | |
| API 5L PSL1 | A | 0.22 | 0.9 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 210 | 335 |
| B | 0.26 | 1.2 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 245 | 415 | |
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.3 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 290 | 415 | |
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 320 | 435 | |
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 360 | 460 | |
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.1 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 390 | 490 | |
| X60 | 0.26 | 1.4 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 415 | 520 | |
| X65 | 0.26 | 1.45 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 450 | 535 | |
| X70 | 0.26 | 1.65 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | 585 | 570 | |
Standard & Giredi
| Muyezo | Magiredi a Zitsulo |
| API 5L: Kufotokozera kwa Chitoliro cha Mzere | GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| ASTM A252: Mafotokozedwe Okhazikika a Mapaipi a Chitsulo Osenda ndi Opanda Msoko | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 |
| EN 10219-1: Magawo Ozizira Opangidwa ndi Welded Structured Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zopanda Alloy ndi Fine Grain | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
| EN10210: Magawo Okhala ndi Mabowo Otentha Opangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zopanda Alloy ndi Fine Grain | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
| ASTM A53/A53M: Chitoliro, Chitsulo, Chakuda ndi Choviikidwa ndi Moto, Chokutidwa ndi Zinc, Cholukidwa ndi Chopanda Msoko | GR.A, GR.B |
| EN 10208: Mapaipi achitsulo ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'machitidwe oyendera mapaipi m'mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi. | L210GA, L235GA, L245GA, L290GA, L360GA |
| EN 10217: Machubu achitsulo chosungunuka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito popanikizika | P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
| DIN 2458: Mapaipi ndi Machubu Opangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosefedwa | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 |
| AS/NZS 1163: Muyezo wa ku Australia/New Zealand wa Zigawo Zokhala ndi Mabowo a Zitsulo Zopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chozizira | Giredi C250, Giredi C350, Giredi C450 |
| GB/T 9711: Makampani Opanga Mafuta ndi Gasi Wachilengedwe - Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha Mapaipi | L175, L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L390, L415, L450, L485 |
| ASTM A671: Chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi magetsi kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kochepa | CA 55, CB 60, CB 65, CB 70, CC 60, CC 65, CC 70 |
| ASTM A672: Chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi magetsi kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa kutentha kwapakati. | A45, A50, A55, B60, B65, B70, C55, C60, C65 |
| ASTM A691: Chitoliro cha kaboni ndi aloyi, cholumikizidwa ndi magetsi kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa kutentha kwambiri. | CM-65, CM-70, CM-75, 1/2CR-1/2MO, 1CR-1/2MO, 2-1/4CR, 3CR |
Njira Yopangira
Kuwongolera Ubwino
● Kuyang'ana Zinthu Zopangira
● Kusanthula Mankhwala
● Kuyesa kwa Makina
● Kuyang'ana Maso
● Kuyang'ana Kukula
● Mayeso Opindika
● Kuyesa Kukhudzidwa
● Kuyesa kwa Dzimbiri pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono
● Kuyezetsa Kosawononga (UT, MT, PT)
● Ziyeneretso za Njira Yowotcherera
● Kusanthula Kapangidwe ka Zinthu Kakang'ono
● Kuyesa Kuwotcha ndi Kuchepetsa
● Kuyesa Kulimba
● Kuyesa kwa Madzi
● Kuyesa Kujambula Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Metallography
● Kuyesa Kusweka Koyambitsidwa ndi Hydrogen (HIC)
● Mayeso a Kupsinjika kwa Sulfide (SSC)
● Kuyesa kwa Eddy Current
● Kuyang'anira Kupaka ndi Kupaka
● Ndemanga ya Zolemba
Kugwiritsa Ntchito & Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake komanso kusinthasintha kwake. Nazi zina mwazofunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW:
● Kuyendera Mafuta ndi Gasi: Mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi pamakina apaipi. Mapaipi awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula mafuta osakonzedwa, gasi wachilengedwe, ndi madzi ena kapena mpweya.
● Zomangamanga za Madzi: Mapaipi a LSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zokhudzana ndi zomangamanga zokhudzana ndi madzi, kuphatikizapo madzi ndi njira zotulutsira madzi.
● Kukonza Mankhwala: Mapaipi a LSAW amagwira ntchito m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula mankhwala, zakumwa, ndi mpweya m'njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza.
● Ntchito Yomanga ndi Zomangamanga: Mapaipi awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomanga, monga maziko omanga, milatho, ndi ntchito zina zomanga.
● Kuyika mipiringidzo: Mapaipi a LSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika mipiringidzo kuti apereke chithandizo cha maziko m'mapulojekiti omanga, kuphatikizapo maziko omanga ndi nyumba za m'madzi.
● Gawo la Mphamvu: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu, kuphatikizapo nthunzi ndi madzi otentha m'mafakitale opanga magetsi.
● Kukumba: Mapaipi a LSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulojekiti a migodi ponyamula zinthu ndi zinthu zina.
● Njira Zamakampani: Makampani monga opanga ndi kupanga amagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi a LSAW pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, kuphatikizapo kutumiza zinthu zopangira ndi zinthu zomalizidwa.
● Kukonza Zomangamanga: Mapaipi awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri popanga mapulojekiti a zomangamanga monga misewu, misewu ikuluikulu, ndi ntchito zapansi panthaka.
● Chithandizo cha Kapangidwe ka Nyumba: Mapaipi a LSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zothandizira, zipilala, ndi matabwa a nyumbayo m'mapulojekiti omanga ndi aukadaulo.
● Kumanga Zombo: Mu makampani opanga zombo, mapaipi a LSAW amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo zosiyanasiyana za zombo, kuphatikizapo ma shells ndi zigawo zina za kapangidwe kake.
● Makampani Opanga Magalimoto: Mapaipi a LSAW angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zida zamagalimoto, kuphatikizapo makina otulutsa utsi.
Ntchito izi zikuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwa mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW m'magawo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo, mphamvu, komanso kuyenerera kwawo pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.
Kulongedza ndi Kutumiza
Kulongedza bwino ndi kutumiza mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti amayenda bwino komanso kuti afike kumalo osiyanasiyana. Nayi kufotokozera kwa njira zolongedza ndi kutumiza mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW:
Kulongedza:
● Kulumikiza: Mapaipi a LSAW nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa pamodzi kapena kupakidwa Chidutswa Chimodzi pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zachitsulo kapena mikanda kuti apange zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso zonyamulira.
● Chitetezo: Mapeto a mapaipi amatetezedwa ndi zipewa zapulasitiki kuti asawonongeke panthawi yoyenda. Kuphatikiza apo, mapaipi amatha kuphimbidwa ndi zinthu zoteteza kuti ateteze ku zinthu zachilengedwe.
● Chophimba Choletsa Kudzimbidwa: Ngati mapaipi ali ndi chophimba choletsa dzimbiri, umphumphu wa chophimbacho umatsimikizika panthawi yolongedza kuti chisawonongeke panthawi yogwira ntchito ndi kunyamula.
● Kulemba ndi Kulemba: Mtolo uliwonse uli ndi zilembo zofunika monga kukula kwa chitoliro, mtundu wa zinthu, nambala ya kutentha, ndi zina zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuzindikira mosavuta.
● Kuteteza: Mapaketi amamangiriridwa bwino ku ma pallet kapena ma skid kuti asayende panthawi yonyamula.
Manyamulidwe:
● Njira Zoyendera: Mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW amatha kutumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera, kuphatikizapo msewu, njanji, nyanja, kapena mpweya, kutengera komwe akupita komanso momwe zinthu zikuyendera mwachangu.
● Kuyika mapaipi m'mabokosi: Mapaipi amatha kutumizidwa m'mabokosi kuti atetezedwe kwambiri, makamaka panthawi yoyendera kunja kwa dziko. Mabokosi amayikidwa ndi kutetezedwa kuti asasunthike panthawi yoyenda.
● Ogwirizana Nawo pa Zamalonda: Makampani odziwika bwino okonza zinthu kapena onyamula katundu odziwa bwino ntchito yokonza mapaipi achitsulo amagwirizana kuti atsimikizire kuti katunduyo watumizidwa bwino komanso nthawi yake.
● Zikalata Zokhudza Kasitomu: Zikalata zofunika zokhudza kasitomu, kuphatikizapo mapepala onyamula katundu, zikalata zosonyeza komwe katunduyo anachokera, ndi mapepala ena ofunikira, zimakonzedwa ndikutumizidwa kuti zitumizidwe kumayiko ena.
● Inshuwalansi: Kutengera mtengo ndi mtundu wa katunduyo, inshuwalansi ikhoza kukonzedwa kuti iteteze ku zochitika zosayembekezereka panthawi yoyenda.
● Kutsata Zinthu: Machitidwe amakono otsata zinthu amalola wotumiza ndi wolandira kuti azitha kutsatira momwe katunduyo akuyendera nthawi yeniyeni, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso kuti zinthu zikusintha nthawi yake.
● Kutumiza: Mapaipi amatsitsidwa pamalo omwe akupita, kutsatira njira zoyenera zotsitsira kuti asawonongeke.
● Kuyang'anira: Mapaipi akafika, angayang'aniridwe kuti atsimikizire momwe alili komanso kuti akugwirizana ndi zofunikira asanavomerezedwe ndi wolandirayo.
Njira zoyenera zopakira ndi kutumiza katundu zimathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka, kusunga umphumphu wa mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW, ndikuonetsetsa kuti akufika komwe akufuna kupita mosamala komanso ali bwino.













