Mbiri ya chitukuko cha chitoliro chosasunthika chachitsulo
Kupanga chitoliro chopanda zitsulo kumakhala ndi mbiri ya zaka pafupifupi 100.Abale a ku Germany a Mannesmann anayamba kupanga makina oboola mipukutu aŵiri mu 1885, ndipo mphero ya periodic pipe mu 1891.Pambuyo pake, makina osiyanasiyana owonjezera monga chitoliro chosalekeza ndi makina ojambulira chitoliro adawonekera, omwe adayamba kupanga makampani amakono opanda chitoliro.M'zaka za m'ma 1930, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphero zitatu zopukutira chitoliro, mphero zotulutsa komanso zoziziritsa kuzizira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mipope yachitsulo idapangidwa bwino.M'zaka za m'ma 1960, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chitoliro chosalekeza komanso kutuluka kwa oboola atatu, makamaka kupambana kwa mpumulo wochepetsera mphero ndi kuponyera kosalekeza, kupanga bwino kunakhala bwino komanso kupikisana pakati pa chitoliro chopanda msoko ndi chitoliro chowotcherera chinawonjezeka.M'zaka za m'ma 1970, chitoliro chopanda msoko ndi chitoliro chowotcherera chinali kuyenda bwino, ndipo kutuluka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chapadziko lonse chinawonjezeka pa mlingo woposa 5% pachaka.Kuyambira 1953, China wakhala Ufumuyo kufunika kwa chitukuko cha msokonezo zitsulo chitoliro makampani, ndipo poyamba anapanga dongosolo kupanga kwa anagubuduza mitundu yonse ya mipope lalikulu, sing'anga ndi yaing'ono.Nthawi zambiri, chitoliro chamkuwa chimatenganso njira zopukutira ndi kuboola billet.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugawa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasinthika
Ntchito:
Seamless zitsulo chitoliro ndi mtundu wa chuma gawo zitsulo, amene amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu chuma dziko.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu petroleum, makampani opanga mankhwala, boilers, magetsi, sitima, kupanga makina, magalimoto, ndege, ndege, mphamvu, geology, zomangamanga, mafakitale ankhondo ndi madipatimenti ena.
Gulu:
① Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gawo: chitoliro chozungulira ndi chitoliro chapadera.
② malinga ndi zinthu: chitoliro cha chitsulo cha kaboni, chitoliro chachitsulo cha aloyi, chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitoliro chophatikiza.
③ molingana ndi njira yolumikizira: chitoliro cholumikizira cha ulusi ndi chitoliro chowotcherera.
④ molingana ndi momwe amapangira: kugudubuza kotentha (kutulutsa, kuthamangitsa ndi kukulitsa) chitoliro ndi chitoliro chozizira (chojambula).
⑤ malinga ndi cholinga: chitoliro chowotchera, chitoliro chamafuta, chitoliro chapaipi, chitoliro chapaipi ndi chitoliro cha feteleza.
Kupanga luso la seamless zitsulo chitoliro
① Njira yayikulu yopangira (njira yayikulu yoyendera) ya chitoliro chachitsulo chowotcha:
Kukonzekera ndi kuyang'anitsitsa chubu opanda kanthu → Kutentha kopanda kanthu → kubowoleza → kugudubuza chubu → kutenthetsanso chubu yaiwisi → kuchepera (kuchepetsa) → mankhwala otentha → kuwongola chubu chomalizidwa → kumaliza → kuyang'anira (chosawononga, thupi ndi mankhwala, kuyesa kwa benchi) → malo osungiramo katundu.
② Njira zazikulu zopangira zitoliro zozizira (zokokedwa) zopanda msoko
Kukonzekera popanda kanthu → pickling ndi mafuta → kugudubuza ozizira (kujambula) → kutentha kutentha → kuwongola → kumaliza → kuyang'ana.
The kupanga ndondomeko otaya tchati otentha adagulung'undisa zitsulo chitoliro motere:
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-14-2023