Chiyambi:
API 5l ndi lingaliro lokhazikika lokhazikitsidwa ndi American petroleum Institute (API) kwa zitsulo zosawoneka bwino komanso zazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina oyendera ma petroleum ndi zachilengedwe. Zithunzi zachitsulo, wopanga mapaipi a API 5L, amapereka zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakumana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za kapangidwe kake, makina oyeserera a API 5l, mas s psld dipted), ndi SMSS (STLS).
Kupanga Kupanga ndi Mtundu:
制造方法 | 钢级起 | 钢级止 | 外径起 OD Min mm | 外径止 | 壁厚起 | 壁厚止 | 生产能力 |
Ma sms | B | X80q | 33.4 | 457 | 3.4 | 60 | 200000 |
Hfw | B | X80m | 219.1 | 610 | 4.0 | 19.1 | 200000 |
Sankhani | B | X100m | 508 | 1422 | 6.0 | 40 | 500000 |

Kulekerera kwa mulifupi
标准 | 外径范围 | 外径公差 | 椭圆度 | ||||
管体 | 管端 | 管体 | 管端 | ||||
无缝 | 焊管 | 无缝 | 焊管 | 无缝 | 焊管 | ||
API Motero 3183 | D <60.3mm | + 04mm / -0.8mm | + 1.6mm / -0.4mm | ||||
60.3mMD≤d≤168.3mm | +0.75% / - 0.75% | ≤2.0% | ≤1.5% | ||||
168.3mm | +0.5% / - 0,5% | ||||||
320mm | + 1.6mm / -1.6mm | ||||||
426mm | +0.75% / - 0.75% | + 3.Mym / -3.2mm | |||||
610mm | +10.0% / - 1.0% | +0.5% / - 0,5% | ± 2.0mm | ± 1.6mm | ≤1.5% | ≤1.0% | |
800mm | + 4mm / -4mm | ||||||
1000mm | +10.0% / - 1.0% | + 4mm / -4mm | ≤15mm | ≤1.0% | |||
1300mm | +10.0% / - 1.0% | + 4mm / -4mm | ≤15mm | ≤13mm |
Chidziwitso: D ndi mawonekedwe a nomwenal wa chitoliro cha chitolirochi.
Kulolerana la khoma
标准 | 外径范围 | 壁厚范围 | 壁厚公差 | 壁厚公差 |
无缝 | 焊管 | |||
API ISO 3183 | - | t≤4.0mm | + 0.6mm / -0.5mm | + 0.5mm / -0.5mm |
- | 4.0mm | +15% / - 12.5% | ||
- | 5.0mm | +10% / - 10% | ||
- | 15,0mmst <25.0mm | + 1.mm / -1.5mm | ||
- | 25.0mmt <30.0mm | + 3.7mm / -3.0mm | ||
- | 30.0mmt <37.0mm | + 3.7mm / -10.0% | ||
- | t bin.0mm | +10.0% / - 10% |
Kusanthula kwa mankhwala
标准 | 钢管种类 | 等级 | 钢级 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | T | CE | Pcm | 备注 |
max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | |||||
API Scor 5l | 无缝管 | Pzl1 | L210 kapena a | 0.22 |
| 0.90 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| e,o |
L245 kapena b | 0.28 |
| 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| c, D, e, o | |||
L290 kapena x42 | 0.28 |
| 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| de, o | |||
L320 kapena x46 | 0.28 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
L360 kapena x52 | 0.28 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
L390 kapena x56 | 0.28 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e,o | |||
L415 kapena x60 | 0.28 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
L450 kapena x65 | 0.28 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| de,o | |||
L485 kapena x70 | 0.28 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
Pzl2 | L245n kapena bn | 0.24 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
| 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | CFO | ||
L290n kapena x42n | 0.24 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | f, o | |||
L320n kapena x46n | 0.24 | 0.40 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | d, f, o | |||
L360n kapena x52n | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | d, f, o | |||
L390n kapena x56n | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | d, f, o | |||
L415n kapena x60n | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 | Monga anavomerezedwa | d, g, o | ||||
L245Q kapena BQ | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | f, o | |||
L290Q kapena X42Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | f, o | |||
L320Q tx46Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | f, o | |||
13600 kapena × 52Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.50 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | f, o | |||
L390Q kapena X56Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.50 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | d, f, o | |||
L415Q kapena x60Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.70 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, g, o | |||
L450Q kapena x65Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.70 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, g, o | |||
L485Q kapena x70Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.80 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, g, o | |||
L555Q kapena X80Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.90 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| Monga anavomerezedwa | h, ine | ||||
酸性服 | L245ns kapena bns | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0,008 |
|
| 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.22 | c, D, j, k | ||
L290ns kapena x42ns | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.22 | j, k | |||
L320ns kapena X46NS | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.40 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.38 | 0.23 | dj, k | |||
L360ns kapena x52ns | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | d, j, k | |||
L245QS kapena BQS | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.22 | j, k | |||
L290s kapena x42Qs | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.22 | j, k | |||
L320Qs kapena x46Qs | 0.15 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.23 | j, k | |||
L360s kapena x52Qs | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.23 | d, j, k | |||
L390s kapena x56Q | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.24 | d, j, k | |||
L415QS kapena X60QQS | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.25 | dj, k | |||
L450QS kapena X65QS | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.25 | d, j, k | |||
L485QS kapena X700s | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0,008 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.25 | d,j, k |
标准 | 钢管种类 | 等级 | 钢级 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | Cea | Pcm | 备注 |
max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | |||||
AP | mawonekedwe 5l | 无缝管 | 上_ | L245no kapena bno | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0.010 |
|
| 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.22 | c, D, i, m |
L290no kapena x42no | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.22 | l, m | |||
L320no kapena x46no | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.40 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.38 | 0.23 | d, i, m | |||
L360no kapena x52no | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | d, i | |||
L245qo kapena bqo | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.22 | l, m | |||
L290qo kapena x42Q0 | 0.14 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.22 | l, m | |||
L320qo kapena x46qo | 0.15 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.23 | l, m | |||
L360qo kapena x52qo | 0.16 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.23 | d, i, n | |||
L390qo kapena x56Q0 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.24 | d, i, n | |||
L415qo kapena x60qo | 0.15 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.25 | d, i, n | |||
L455qo kapena x65qo | 0.15 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.25 | d, i, n | |||
L485Q0 kapena x7000 | 0.17 | 0.45 | 1.75 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 0.25 | d, l, n | |||
L555qo kapena x80q | 0.17 | 0.45 | 1.85 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.06 | Monga anavomerezedwa | d, i, n | ||||
焊管 | Pzl1 | L245 kapena b | 0.26 |
| 1.20 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| CD, e,c | |
L290 orx42 | 0.26 |
| 1.30 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
L320 orx46 | 0.26 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e,o | |||
L360 kapena x52 | 0.26 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
L390 orx56 | 0.26 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
L415 orx60 | 0.26 |
| 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
L450 kapena x65 | 0.26 |
| 1.45 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
L485 kapena x70 | 0.26 |
| 1.65 | 0.030 | 0.030 |
|
|
|
|
| d, e, o | |||
Pzl2 | 1245m kapena bm | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | f, o | ||
L290m kapena x42m | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.30 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | f, o | |||
L320m kapena x46m | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.30 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.25 | f, o | |||
L360m kapena x52m | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, f, o | |||
L390m kapena x56M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, f, o | |||
L415m kapena x60m | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, g, o | |||
L450m kapena x65m | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.60 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, g, o | |||
L485m kapena x70m | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.70 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, g, o | |||
L555m kapena x80m | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.85 | 0.025 | 0.015 |
|
|
| 0.43 | 0.25 | d, g, o |
标准 | 钢管种类 | 等级 | 钢级 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | T | Cea | Pcm | 备注 |
max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | |||||
API Scor 5l | 焊管 | 酸性服 | L245ms kapena BMS | 0.10 | 0.40 | 1.25 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| 0.19 | j, k |
L290ms kapena x42ms | 0.10 | 0.40 | 1.25 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| 0.19 | j, k | |||
L320ms kapena x46ms | 0.10 | 0.45 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| 0.20 | j, k | |||
L360ms kapena x52ms | 0.10 | 0.45 | 1.45 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| 0.20 | j, k | |||
L390ms kapena x56m | 0.10 | 0.45 | 1.45 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 0.21 | d, j, k | |||
L415ms kapena x60ms | 0.10 | 0.45 | 1.45 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| 0.21 | d, j, k | |||
L450ms kapena x65ms | 0.10 | 0.45 | 1.60 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| 0.22 | d, j, k | |||
L485ms kapena x70ms | 0.10 | 0.45 | 1.60 | 0.020 | 0.002 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| 0.22 | dj, k | |||
上_ | L245mo kapena bmo | 0.12 | 0.40 | 1.25 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| 0.19 | l, m | ||
L290Mo kapena x42Mo | 0.12 | 0.40 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| 0.19 | l, m | |||
L320mo kapena x46mo | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.35 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| 0.20 | I, m | |||
L360mo kapena x52Mo | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| 0.20 | d, i, n | |||
L390MO kapena X56MO | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| 0.21 | d, l, n | |||
L415MO kapena X60MO | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| 0.21 | d, i, n | |||
L450MO kapena X65MO | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.65 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| 0.222 | d, i, n | |||
L485MO kapena X70MO | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.75 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| 0.22 | d, l, n | |||
L555mo kapena x80mo | 0.12 | 0.45 | 1.85 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| 0.24 | d, i, n |

标准 | 等级 | 钢级 |
| 屈服强度 | 抗拉强度 | 延伸率 | 屈强比 | 焊缝抗拉强度 |
API Scor 5l | Pzl1 | L210 kapena a | Min | 210 | 335 | a |
| 335 |
L245 kapena b | Min | 245 | 415 | a |
| 415 | ||
L290 kapena x42 | Min | 290 | 415 | a |
| 415 | ||
L320 kapena x46 | Min | 320 | 435 | a |
| 435 | ||
L360 kapena x52 | Min | 360 | 460 | a |
| 460 | ||
L390 kapena x56 | Min | 390 | 490 | a |
| 490 | ||
L415 kapena x60 | Min | 415 | 520 | a |
| 520 | ||
L450 kapena x65 | Min | 450 | 535 | a |
| 535 | ||
L485 kapena x70 | Min | 485 | 570 | a |
| 570 | ||
Pzl2 | L245n kapena bn | Min | 245 | 415 | a |
| 415 | |
Max | 450 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L290n kapena x42n | Min | 290 | 415 | a |
| 415 | ||
Max | 495 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L320n kapena x46n | Min | 320 | 435 | a |
| 435 | ||
Max | 525 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L360n kapena x52n | Min | 360 | 460 | a |
| 460 | ||
Max | 530 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L390n kapena x56n | Min | 390 | 490 | a |
| 490 | ||
Max | 545 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L415n kapena x60n | Min | 415 | 520 | a |
| 520 | ||
Max | 565 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L450Q kapena x65Q | Min | 450 | 535 | a |
| 535 | ||
Max | 600 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L485Q kapena x70Q | Min | 485 | 570 | a |
| 570 | ||
Max | 635 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L555Q kapena X80Q | Min | 555 | 625 | a |
| 625 | ||
Max | 705 | 825 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L625m kapena x90m | Min | 625 | 695 | a |
| 695 | ||
Max | 775 | 915 |
| 0.95 |
| |||
L690m kapena x100m | Min | 690 | 760 | a |
| 760 | ||
Max | 840 | 990 |
| 0.97 |
| |||
L830m kapena x120m | Min | 830 | 915 | a |
| 915 | ||
Max | 1050 | 1145 |
| 0.99 |
标准 | 等级 | 钢级 |
| 屈服强度 | 抗拉强度 | 延伸率 | 屈强比 | 焊缝抗拉强度 |
API Scor 5l | 酸性服 | L245ns kapena bns | Min | 245 | 415 | a |
| 415 |
Max | 450 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L290ns kapena x42ns | Min | 290 | 415 | a |
| 415 | ||
Max | 495 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L320ns kapena X46NS | Min | 320 | 435 | a |
| 435 | ||
Max | 525 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L360ns kapena x52ns | Min | 360 | 460 | a |
| 460 | ||
Max | 530 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L390s kapena x56Q | Min | 390 | 490 | a |
| 490 | ||
Max | 545 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L415QS kapena X60QQS | Min | 415 | 520 | a |
| 520 | ||
Max | 565 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L450QS kapena X65QS | Min | 450 | 535 | a |
| 535 | ||
Max | 600 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L485QS kapena X700s | Min | 485 | 570 | a |
| 570 | ||
Max | 635 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
上_ | L245no kapena bno | Min | 245 | 415 | a | - | 415 | |
Max | 450 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L290no kapena x42no | Min | 290 | 415 | a |
| 415 | ||
Max | 495 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L320no kapena x46no | Min | 320 | 435 | a |
| 435 | ||
Max | 520 | 655 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L360no kapena x52no | Min | 360 | 460 | a |
| 460 | ||
Max | 525 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L390qo kapena x56qo | Min | 390 | 490 | a |
| 490 | ||
Max | 540 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L415qo kapena x60qo | Min | 415 | 520 | a | - | 520 | ||
Max | 565 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L450qo kapena x65qo | Min | 450 | 535 | a | - | 535 | ||
Max | 570 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L485Q0 kapena x7000 | Min | 485 | 570 | a |
| 570 | ||
Max | 605 | 760 |
| 0.93 |
| |||
L555qo kapena x80q | Min | 555 | 625 | a |
| 625 | ||
Max | 675 | 825 |
| 0.93 |
Dziwani: A: Assonger ochepera pogwiritsa ntchito equation: A1 = 1940 * A0.2 / U0.9
钢级 | 管体最小横向冲击功(1 (2) (3) | 焊缝最小横向冲击功(1 (2 (3) | |||||
D≤08 | 508mm <d | 762mm <d | 914mm <D | 1219mm <d | D <1422mm | D = 1422mm | |
≤l415 kapena x60 | 20. | 20. | 40 (30) | 40 (30) | 40 (30) | 20. | 40 (30) |
> L415 kapena x60 | 20. | 20. | 40 (30) | 40 (30) | 54 (40) | 20. | 40 (30) |
> L450 kapena x65 | 20. | 20. | 40 (30) | 40 (30) | 54 (40) | 20. | 40 (30) |
> L485 kapena x70 | 40 (30) | 40 (30) | 40 (30) | 40 (30) | 54 (40) | 20. | 40 (30) |
Chidziwitso: (1) Zomwe zili patebulo zikhale zoyenera ziwonetsero zonse.
(2) Mtengo womwe uli mkati bulaketi ndi mtengo umodzi wochepera, kunja bulaketi ndi mtengo wamba.
(3) Kutentha Kwa Kuyesa: 0 ° C.
MALANGIZO OTHANDIZA:
Mapaipi a API 5l opangidwa ndi chitsulo chaching'ono chimayesedwa mwamphamvu kuti akwaniritse miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri. Miyezo yoyeserera imaphatikizapo:
Kusanthula Kwachizindikiro:
Kupanga kwamitundu kwa chitsulo kumasanthula kuti zitsimikizire kuti imakwaniritsa zofunikira za api 5l.
Kusanthula kwa mankhwala kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera mwachindunji kuti mudziwe bwino kapangidwe ka chitsulo.
Kuyesa makina:
Makina katundu monga zopereka, mphamvu zokhala ndi mphamvu, ndipo mlengalenga zimayesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti akwaniritsa zofunika zake.
Kuyesedwa kwamakina kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyesera oyeserera 60 kuti ayeze mphamvu ndi chitsulo.
Kuyesa kwa Hydjetic:
Kuyesedwa kwamatenda kumachitika kuti muwone kukhulupirika kwa chitolirochi ndikuonetsetsa kuti zitha kupirira zofuna za ntchito yake.
Mapaipi amadzaza ndi madzi ndikukakamizidwa, ndikuyesa kwa nthawi yoyeserera ndi magawo okakamizidwa omwe ap 5l.
Kuyesa kosawonongeka (NDT):
Njira za NDT monga Kuyesa kwa Akupanga (UT) ndi maginito a maginito (MT) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona zolakwika zilizonse kapena zolembedwa mu chitoliro.
Intaneti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika zamkati, pomwe MT imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zolakwika zapamwamba.
Kuyesa Kukhumudwitsa:
Kuyeserera kwakhudzidwa kumachitika kuti muwunikire kulimba kwa chitsulo pa kutentha kochepa.
Mayeso a Parpy amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza mphamvu zophatikizidwa ndi chitsulo.
Kuyesa kwa Harniny:
Kuyesedwa kwa hardiny kumachitika kuti uwunike kuuma kwa chitsulo, chomwe chingasonyeze mphamvu zake komanso kuyenera kwa mapulogalamu enaake.
Kuyesa kwa Hardder Hardity nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuuma kwa chitsulo.
Kuyesedwa kwa Microstruction:
Kuwunika microstruction kumachitika kuti ayesetse kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake ka nthungo.
Ma microscopecal ma microscope amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupenda micrecesction ya chitsulo ndikuzindikira zovuta zilizonse.
Potsatira miyezo yoyeserera yolimba iyi, zitsulo zolimba zimatsimikizira kuti mapaipi ake a API 5L amakwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba komanso zomwe zimathandizira pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mafakitale.
Kupanga Kopanga:
1. Mapaipi achitsulo:
- Kusankha kwa zinthu: Ma billet apamwamba kwambiri amasankhidwa kuti azipanga mapaipi achitsulo opanda zitsulo.
- Kutentha ndi kuboola: Ma billet amatenthedwa kutentha kwambiri kenako nalasidwa kuti apange chipolopolo.
- Kugubuduza ndi Kuyenda: Chigobacho choboola chimagundana ndikumatambasulidwa ndi mainchesi ndi makulidwe.
- Kutentha kwa kutentha: Mapaipi amaperekedwa ndi kutentha njira monga owongolera kapena kusilira kukonza makina awo.
- Kumaliza: mapaipi akumaliza kumaliza ntchito monga kuwongola, kudula, ndi kuyang'ana.
- Kuyesa: Mapaipi amapezeka mayeso osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuyesa kwamatenda, kuyezetsa akupanga, ndi Eddy pano, kuti atsimikizire kuti muli mkhalidwe wawo.
- Chithandizo Chapamwamba: Mapaipi amatha kuphatikizidwa kapena kuchitidwa kuti atetezedwe ndikusintha mawonekedwe awo.
- Kunyamula ndi kutumiza: Mapaipi amasungidwa mosamala ndikutumizidwa kwa makasitomala.
2. LSAW (Istaw (madera owoneka bwino) mapaipi achitsulo:
- Kukonzekera kwa Plate: Mbale zapamwamba zapamwamba kwambiri zimakonzedwa kuti zipangire mapaipi a Lisw.
- Kupanga: Mbale amapangidwa mu "U" pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyambira.
- Kutentha: Mbale "u" umadzaza limodzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotentha.
- Kukula: Msodzi wowondayo amakulitsidwa kwa mulifupi wofunikira pogwiritsa ntchito makina owonjezera kapena kunja.
- Kuyendera: Mapaipi omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi chilema komanso kulondola kwakanthawi.
- Kuyesa kwa akupanga: Mapaipi amaperekedwa kwa akupanga kuyezetsa kuti apeze zolakwika zamkati zilizonse.
- Kuvekedwa: Zithunzizo zimatha kuwotcherera.
- Kukuta ndi chizindikiro: Mapaipi akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndikujambulidwa malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna.
- Kunyamula ndi kutumiza: Mapaipi amanyamula ndikutumizidwa kwa makasitomala.
3.
- Kukonzekera kwa Coil: Ma coils achitsulo amakonzekera kupanga mapaipi a HWW.
- Kupanga ndi kuwotcherera: Ma coil amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a cylingoical kenako kuwoloredwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma frequency yotentha kwambiri.
- Kutentha kwa malo owombera weld: Msoko wowonda umawotcha kutentha kwa kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopumira kwambiri.
- Kuvina: Chitoliro chowotchedwa chimaphatikizidwa ndi mainchesi ndi makulidwe.
- Kudula ndi kuyamwa: Chitolirocho chimadulidwa kutalika komwe mungafune.
- Kuyendera: Mapaipi omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi chilema komanso kulondola kwakanthawi.
- Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic: Mapaipi amayesedwa kuti azilimbikitsidwa ndikuwataya pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa hydrostatic.
- Kukuta ndi chizindikiro: Mapaipi ali ophimbidwa ndikujambulidwa malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna.
- Kunyamula ndi kutumiza: Mapaipi amanyamula ndikutumizidwa kwa makasitomala.
Njira zopangira mwatsatanetsatane zowonetsetsa kuti ndizosakhulupirika komanso kudalirika kwa osawoneka bwino, mapaipi achitsulo, ndi HFW yachitsulo opangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa, kukumana ndi zofunikira zamafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Pamtunda:
Pamaso pachithandizo cha chitsulo chachitsulo ndichofunikira kwambiri kuti chiziwongolera chipongwe chake ndi moyo wa ntchito. Zizindikiro zamatsenga zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira pamtunda zimatengera zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kwa makasitomala, kuphatikiza:
1. Gawani nyumba yotentha ndi yoyenera mapiri achilendo komanso otsika.
2. Zovala za Anti-Corluon: Zovala zodziwika bwino za zojambulajambula zimaphatikizapo zokutira za epoxty, zokutira polyethylene, ndi zokutira polyirethee. Izi zokumbazi zimalepheretsa maxiadation ndi kutupa pachipato chachitsulo, kutalikirana moyo wake wautumiki.
3. Ma SandBasting: Kuphulika kwambiri-kuthamanga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa chitoliro chachitsulo, ndikuchotsa dzimbiri ndi zosayera kuchokera pansi, ndikupereka maziko abwino othandizira potsatira njira yotsatira yotsatira.
4. Chithandizo chogwirizanitsa: Malo achitsulo achitsulo amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi utoto wa anti-chorolusa, phula lina kuti lizikulitsa kutunga kwake, oyenera m'mapaipi am'mimba.
Njira zochizira pamtunduwu zimateteza pakati pa chipasocho ndi kuwonongeka, onetsetsani kuti ndi kudalirika komanso kukhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Kunyamula ndi Kuyendetsa:
Zitsulo zozimba zimatsimikizira kuti malo otetezeka ndi mayendedwe odalirika a pipeline, kupereka zosankha zosinthika kuti mukwaniritse zosowa zothandizira makasitomala:
1. Kulandidwa kwakukulu: kwa madongosolo akulu, chitsulo cha papilo amatha kutumizidwa ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zonyamula zapadera zambiri. Chitsulo chimadzaza mwachindunji mu cholembera cha sitimayo popanda kunyamula, choyenera mayendedwe okwera mtengo ambiri.
2. LCL (Pokhapokha ngati chidebe chambiri): Zida zazing'ono, zipilu zazing'ono zitha kutumizidwa ngati LCL Cargo, komwe madongosolo angapo amaphatikizidwa mumtsuko umodzi. Njirayi ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa zochulukirapo ndipo imapereka magawo ambiri osinthika.
3. FCL (chidebe chonse): Makasitomala amatha kusankha kwa FCL, komwe chidebe chathunthu chimaperekedwa ku dongosolo lawo. Njirayi imapereka nthawi mwachangu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chowonongeka pakuthana.
4. Kutumiza kwa mpweya: pamalamulo achangu, katundu wa mpweya umapezeka kuti aperekedwe mwachangu. Ngakhale okwera mtengo kuposa kunyamula katundu wa nyanja, katundu wa mpweya wa mpweya umapereka mayendedwe othandiza komanso odalirika pazomwe zimachitika nthawi yayitali.
Zitsulo zozimba zimatsimikizira kuti zonse zotumiza zimasungidwa kuti zisawonongeke panthawi yoyendera. Zitsulo zimakutidwa ndi zida zoteteza komanso zotetezedwa mumitundu kapena pa ma pallets kuti zitsimikizire kukhala zokhazikika panthawi yoyenda. Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo imagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi othandizira otumizira otumizira kuti awonetsetse nthawi ya nthawi yogawika.
Zolemba Zogwiritsira Ntchito:
Mapaipi a API 5L omwe amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chaching'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafuta a petroleum ndi zachilengedwe zoyendetsera mafuta, mpweya, ndi madzi ena. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani ena osiyanasiyana monga mankhwala opangira mankhwala, mbadwo wamagetsi, ndi zomanga.
Pomaliza:
Zithunzi zachitsulo ndi gawo lodalirika la API 5l mzere mapaipi a API 5L, kupereka zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofuna za ma petroleum ndi zachilengedwe. Poganizira za mtundu, kudalirika, komanso kukhutira ndi makasitomala, zitsulo zachikazi zikupitilizabe kusankha makasitomala padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi Yolemba: Mar-22-2024