Mapaipi a OCTGAmagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pobowola zitsime za mafuta ndi gasi komanso kunyamula mafuta ndi gasi. Amaphatikizapo mapaipi obowolera mafuta, zikwama za mafuta, ndi mapaipi ochotsera mafuta.Mapaipi a OCTGamagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulumikiza makola obowola ndi zidutswa zobowola ndikutumiza mphamvu yobowola.Chidebe cha mafuta chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pothandizira chitsime pobowola komanso akamaliza, kuti chitsime chonse cha mafuta chigwire ntchito bwino panthawi yobowola komanso akamaliza. Mafuta ndi gasi pansi pa chitsime cha mafuta makamaka amanyamulidwa pamwamba ndi chubu chopopera mafuta.
Chidebe cha mafuta ndiye njira yothandiza kuti zitsime za mafuta zizigwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka, momwe zinthu zilili pansi pa nthaka ndi zovuta, ndipo zotsatira zake zokhudzana ndi kupsinjika, kupsinjika, kupindika, ndi kupsinjika kwa thupi la chidebecho zimapangitsa kuti chidebecho chikhale chabwino kwambiri. Chidebecho chikawonongeka pazifukwa zina, chingayambitse kuchepa kwa kupanga kapena kutayidwa kwa chidebe chonse.
Malinga ndi mphamvu ya chitsulocho, chivundikirocho chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana achitsulo, omwe ndi J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150, ndi zina zotero. Mtundu wachitsulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito umasiyana malinga ndi momwe chitsime chilili komanso kuya kwake. M'malo owononga, ndikofunikiranso kuti chivundikirocho chikhale cholimba ndi dzimbiri. M'madera omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yovuta ya geology, ndikofunikiranso kuti chivundikirocho chikhale ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kugwa.
I. chidziwitso choyambira cha OCTG Pipe
1. Mawu apadera okhudzana ndi kufotokoza kwa mapaipi a mafuta
API: ndi chidule cha American Petroleum Institute.
OCTG: Ndi chidule cha Mafuta a Dziko la Tubular, chomwe chimatanthauza mapaipi opangidwa ndi mafuta, kuphatikizapo chivundikiro cha mafuta chomalizidwa, chitoliro chobowolera, makola obowolera, ma hoop, malo olumikizirana afupiafupi ndi zina zotero.
Machubu a Mafuta: Machubu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zitsime zamafuta potulutsa mafuta, kutulutsa mpweya, kulowetsa madzi ndi kuswa asidi.
Chidebe: Kuika chubu chomwe chimatsitsidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaka kupita ku dzenje lobooledwa ngati chotchingira kuti khoma la chitsime lisagwe.
Chitoliro chobowolera: Chitoliro chogwiritsidwa ntchito pobowolera mabowo.
Chitoliro cha mzere: Chitoliro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mafuta kapena gasi.
Ma Circlips: Ma silinda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza mapaipi awiri olumikizidwa ndi ulusi wamkati.
Zipangizo zolumikizira: Chitoliro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zolumikizira.
Ulusi wa API: Ulusi wa mapaipi womwe watchulidwa ndi muyezo wa API 5B, kuphatikiza ulusi wozungulira wa payipi yamafuta, ulusi wozungulira waufupi, ulusi wozungulira wautali, ulusi wozungulira wosiyana ndi ulusi wa trapezoidal, ulusi wa payipi wolumikizidwa ndi zina zotero.
Chingwe Chapadera: Ulusi wosakhala wa API wokhala ndi zinthu zapadera zotsekera, zinthu zolumikizira ndi zinthu zina.
Kulephera: kusintha kwa zinthu, kusweka, kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba ndi kutayika kwa ntchito yoyambirira pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake yogwirira ntchito. Mitundu yayikulu ya kulephera kwa chidebe cha mafuta ndi: kutulutsa, kutsetsereka, kuphulika, kutuluka kwa madzi, dzimbiri, kugwirizana, kusweka ndi zina zotero.
2, miyezo yokhudzana ndi mafuta
API 5CT: Kufotokozera kwa Casing ndi Tubing (pakali pano ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa kope la 8)
API 5D: Kufotokozera kwa chitoliro cha kubowola (mtundu waposachedwa wa kope lachisanu)
API 5L: tsatanetsatane wa mapaipi achitsulo chapaipi (mtundu waposachedwa wa kope la 44)
API 5B: Mafotokozedwe a makina opangira, kuyeza ndi kuyang'anira chivundikiro, chitoliro cha mafuta ndi ulusi wa chitoliro cha mzere
GB/T 9711.1-1997: Mikhalidwe yaukadaulo yoperekera mapaipi achitsulo poyendetsa mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi Gawo 1: Mapaipi achitsulo a Giredi A
GB/T9711.2-1999: Mikhalidwe yaukadaulo yoperekera mapaipi achitsulo poyendetsa mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi Gawo 2: Mapaipi achitsulo a Giredi B
GB/T9711.3-2005: Mikhalidwe Yaukadaulo Yoperekera Mapaipi Achitsulo Poyendetsa Makampani a Mafuta ndi Gasi Wachilengedwe Gawo 3: Chitoliro Chachitsulo cha Giredi C
Ⅱ. Chitoliro cha mafuta
1. Kugawa mapaipi amafuta
Mapaipi amafuta amagawidwa m'machubu a Non-Upset (NU), machubu a External Upset (EU), ndi machubu olumikizirana a integral. Machubu a Non-Upset amatanthauza mapeto a chitoliro omwe ali ndi ulusi wopanda kukhuthala ndipo ali ndi cholumikizira. Machubu a External Upset amatanthauza malekezero awiri a chitoliro omwe akhuthala kunja, kenako amalumikizidwa ndi ma clamps. Machubu olumikizirana ophatikizidwa amatanthauza chitoliro chomwe chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji popanda cholumikizira, ndi malekezero amodzi olumikizidwa kudzera mu ulusi wakunja wokhuthala mkati ndi malekezero ena olumikizidwa kudzera mu ulusi wamkati wokhuthala kunja.
2. Udindo wa chubu
1. Kutulutsa mafuta ndi gasi: Pambuyo pobowola zitsime za mafuta ndi gasi ndi simenti, chubucho chimayikidwa mu chidebe cha mafuta kuti mafuta ndi gasi atulutsidwe pansi.
②, jakisoni wa madzi: ngati mphamvu ya madzi m'bowo sikokwanira, jakisoni madzi m'chitsime kudzera mu chubu.
③, Kulowetsa nthunzi: Pakubwezeretsa mafuta okhuthala pa kutentha, nthunzi iyenera kulowetsedwa m'chitsime pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi amafuta otetezedwa.
(iv) Kuchotsa asidi ndi kusweka: Pofika kumapeto kwa ntchito yoboola zitsime kapena kuti pakhale bwino ntchito yopangira zitsime za mafuta ndi gasi, ndikofunikira kuyika zinthu zosungunulira ndi kusweka kapena zinthu zosungunulira ku mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo zinthu zosungunulira ndi zinthu zosungunulira zimanyamulidwa kudzera mu chitoliro cha mafuta.
3. Chitoliro cha mafuta chachitsulo
Magawo achitsulo a chitoliro cha mafuta ndi awa: H40, J55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110.
N80 imagawidwa m'magulu a N80-1 ndi N80Q, awiriwa ndi ofanana ndi mphamvu ya tensile, kusiyana kuwiriku ndi momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili, momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili, momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili, momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili, momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili, komanso momwe zinthu zilili, pamene kutentha komaliza kwa mpweya kuli kwakukulu kuposa kutentha kofunikira kwa Ar3 komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu pambuyo pozizira kwa mpweya, ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza njira zina zosinthira momwe zinthu zilili, ndipo kuyesa kopanda kuwononga sikofunikira; N80Q iyenera kuchepetsedwa (kuzima ndi kutenthetsa). Kuchiza kutentha, ntchito yokhudza kukhudzidwa iyenera kugwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu API 5CT, ndipo iyenera kukhala kuyesa kosawononga.
L80 imagawidwa m'magulu a L80-1, L80-9Cr ndi L80-13Cr. Kapangidwe ka makina awo ndi momwe amaperekera zinthu ndi chimodzimodzi. Kusiyana kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuuma kwa kupanga ndi mtengo, L80-1 pamtundu wamba, L80-9Cr ndi L80-13Cr ndi machubu olimbana ndi dzimbiri, kuuma kwa kupanga, okwera mtengo, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsime zolemera za dzimbiri.
C90 ndi T95 zimagawidwa m'magulu a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2, ndiko kuti, C90-1, C90-2 ndi T95-1, T95-2.
4. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chamtundu wa kalasi, kalasi ndi momwe chitoliro cha mafuta chimaperekera
Chigawo cha chitsulo cha giredi Mkhalidwe wotumizira
Chitoliro cha mafuta cha J55 37Mn5 chitoliro cha mafuta chathyathyathya: chokulungidwa chotentha m'malo mwa chokhazikika
Chitoliro cha mafuta chokhuthala: kutalika konse kumakhala kokhazikika pambuyo pokhuthala.
Chitoliro cha N80-1 36Mn2V Chitoliro chamtundu wa Flat: chozunguliridwa ndi hot-rolled m'malo mwa normalized
Chitoliro cha mafuta chokhuthala: kutalika konse kumakhala kokhazikika pambuyo pokhuthala
Chitoliro cha mafuta cha N80-Q 30Mn5 chotenthetsera nthawi zonse
Chitoliro cha mafuta cha L80-1 30Mn5 chotenthetsera nthawi zonse
Chitoliro cha mafuta cha P110 25CrMnMo chotenthetsera chautali wonse
J55 coupling 37Mn5 hot rolled online normalization
Kulumikizana kwa N80 28MnTiB kutalika konse
L80-1 cholumikizira 28MnTiB chotenthetsera chautali wonse
Ma Clamp a P110 25CrMnMo Kutalika Konse Kokhala ndi Chiyembekezo
Ⅲ. Chikwama
1. Kugawa ndi ntchito ya chivundikiro
Chitoliro ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chimathandizira khoma la zitsime za mafuta ndi gasi. Zigawo zingapo za chitoliro zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chitsime chilichonse malinga ndi kuya kosiyanasiyana kwa kubowola ndi mikhalidwe ya geological. Simenti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa chitolirocho chikatsitsidwa m'chitsime, ndipo mosiyana ndi chitoliro cha mafuta ndi chitoliro chobowolera, sichingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndipo ndi cha zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito chitolirocho kumaphatikizapo zoposa 70% ya mapaipi onse a zitsime zamafuta. Chitolirocho chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awa: ngalande, chitoliro cha pamwamba, chitoliro chaukadaulo ndi chitoliro chamafuta malinga ndi momwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo kapangidwe kake m'zitsime zamafuta kakuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi pansipa.
2. Chikwama cha woyendetsa
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pobowola m'nyanja ndi m'chipululu kuti alekanitse madzi a m'nyanja ndi mchenga kuti atsimikizire kuti kubowola kukuyenda bwino, zofunikira zazikulu za gawo ili la 2.casing ndi: Φ762mm(30in )×25.4mm, Φ762mm(30in)×19.06mm.
Chivundikiro cha pamwamba: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pobowola koyamba, kubowola kutsegula pamwamba pa chivundikiro chosasunthika kupita ku thanthwe, kuti chitseke gawo ili la chivundikirocho kuti lisagwe, liyenera kutsekedwa ndi chivundikiro cha pamwamba. Mafotokozedwe akuluakulu a chivundikiro cha pamwamba: 508mm (20in), 406.4mm (16in), 339.73mm (13-3/8in), 273.05mm (10-3/4in), 244.48mm (9-5/9in), ndi zina zotero. Kuzama kwa chitoliro chotsikira kumadalira kuzama kwa kapangidwe kofewa. Kuzama kwa chitoliro chapansi kumadalira kuzama kwa chivundikiro chosasunthika, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala 80 ~ 1500 m. Kupanikizika kwake kwakunja ndi kwamkati si kwakukulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro chachitsulo cha K55 kapena chivundikiro chachitsulo cha N80.
3. Kachikwama kaukadaulo
Chigoba chaukadaulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola zinthu zovuta. Mukakumana ndi zinthu zovuta monga gawo losweka, gawo la mafuta, gawo la gasi, gawo la madzi, gawo lotayikira, gawo la mchere, ndi zina zotero, ndikofunikira kuyika pansi chigoba chaukadaulo kuti chitseke, apo ayi kubowola sikungachitike. Zitsime zina ndi zakuya komanso zovuta, ndipo kuya kwa chitsime kumafika mamita masauzande ambiri, zitsime zakuya zamtunduwu zimafunika kuyika pansi zigawo zingapo za chigoba chaukadaulo, mawonekedwe ake amakina ndi zofunikira pakutseka ndizokwera kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito magiredi achitsulo nakonso ndikokwera, kuwonjezera pa K55, kugwiritsa ntchito magiredi a N80 ndi P110, zitsime zina zakuya zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu magiredi a Q125 kapena apamwamba kwambiri osagwiritsa ntchito API, monga V150. Mafotokozedwe akuluakulu a chivundikiro chaukadaulo ndi awa: 339.73 Mafotokozedwe akuluakulu a chivundikiro chaukadaulo ndi awa: 339.73mm (13-3/8in), 273.05mm (10-3/4in), 244.48mm (9-5/8in), 219.08mm (8-5/8in), 193.68mm (7-5/8in), 177.8mm (7in) ndi zina zotero.
4. Chivundikiro cha mafuta
Chitsime chikabowoledwa ku gawo loyenera (gawo lomwe lili ndi mafuta ndi gasi), ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro cha mafuta kuti chitseke gawo la mafuta ndi gasi komanso pamwamba pake, ndipo mkati mwa chivundikiro cha mafuta ndiye gawo la mafuta. Chivundikiro cha mafuta m'mitundu yonse ya chivundikirocho chili mkati mwa chitsime, makhalidwe ake a makina ndi zofunikira pakutseka ndizonso zapamwamba kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha K55, N80, P110, Q125, V150 ndi zina zotero. Mafotokozedwe akuluakulu a chivundikiro cha mapangidwe ndi awa: 177.8mm(7in), 168.28mm(6-5/8in), 139.7mm(5-1/2in), 127mm(5in), 114.3mm(4-1/2in), ndi zina zotero. Chivundikirocho ndi chakuya kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse ya zitsime, ndipo magwiridwe ake a makina ndi magwiridwe antchito ake otseka ndi apamwamba kwambiri.
Chitoliro cha V.Drill
1, Kugawa ndi ntchito ya chitoliro cha zida zobowola
Chitoliro chobowolera cha sikweya, chitoliro chobowolera, chitoliro chobowolera cholemera ndi kolala yobowolera mu zida zobowolera zimapanga chitoliro chobowolera. Chitoliro chobowolera ndi chida chachikulu chobowolera chomwe chimayendetsa chidutswa chobowolera kuchokera pansi kupita pansi pa chitsime, komanso ndi njira yochokera pansi kupita pansi pa chitsime. Chili ndi ntchito zitatu zazikulu: ① kusamutsa mphamvu kuti chiyendetse chidutswa chobowolera kuti chibowolere; ② kudalira kulemera kwake kuti kukanikize chidutswa chobowolera kuti chiswe thanthwe pansi pa chitsime; ③ kutumiza madzi otsukira chitsime, kutanthauza matope obowolera kudutsa pansi kudzera m'mapampu amatope amphamvu, kupita ku dzenje la chipilala chobowolera kuti alowe pansi pa chitsime kuti atulutse zinyalala za miyala ndikuziziritsa chidutswa chobowolera, ndikunyamula zinyalala za miyala kudzera mu malo a annular pakati pa pamwamba pa mzati ndi khoma la chitsime kuti zibwerere pansi, kuti zikwaniritse cholinga chobowolera chitsimecho. Bowola chitoliro pobowola kuti chipirire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katundu wosiyanasiyana, monga kukoka, kupsinjika, kupotoza, kupindika ndi zina, pamwamba pamkati pamakhalanso kuponderezedwa ndi matope ndi dzimbiri.
(1) chitoliro chobowola cha sikweya: chitoliro chobowola cha sikweya chili ndi mitundu iwiri ya mitundu inayi ndi inayi, ndodo yobowola mafuta ya ku China nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chobowola cha mtundu inayi. Mafotokozedwe ake ndi awa: 63.5mm (2-1/2in), 88.9mm (3-1/2in), 107.95mm (4-1/4in), 133.35mm (5-1/4in), 152.4mm (6in) ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zambiri kutalika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 12 ~ 14.5m.
(2) Chitoliro chobowola: Chitoliro chobowola ndiye chida chachikulu chobowola zitsime, cholumikizidwa kumapeto kwa chitoliro chobowola cha sikweya, ndipo pamene chitoliro chobowola chikupitirira kuzama, chitoliro chobowola chimapitiriza kutalikitsa mzere wobowola umodzi pambuyo pa wina. Mafotokozedwe a chitoliro chobowola ndi awa: 60.3mm (2-3/8in), 73.03mm (2-7/8in), 88.9mm (3-1/2in), 114.3mm (4-1/2in), 127mm (5in), 139.7mm (5-1/2in) ndi zina zotero.
(3) Chitoliro Chobowola Cholemera: Chitoliro chobowola cholemera ndi chida chosinthira cholumikizira chitoliro chobowola ndi kolala yobowola, chomwe chingathandize kukonza mphamvu ya chitoliro chobowola komanso kuwonjezera kupanikizika pa chobowola. Mafotokozedwe akuluakulu a chitoliro chobowola cholemera ndi 88.9mm (3-1/2in) ndi 127mm (5in).
(4) Kolala yobowola: kolala yobowola imalumikizidwa ku gawo la pansi la chitoliro chobowola, chomwe ndi chitoliro chapadera chokhala ndi makoma olimba kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa chobowola kuti chiswe miyala, ndipo chingathandize kwambiri pobowola zitsime zowongoka. Mafotokozedwe odziwika bwino a kolala yobowola ndi awa: 158.75mm (6-1/4in), 177.85mm (7in), 203.2mm (8in), 228.6mm (9in) ndi zina zotero.
V. Chitoliro cha mzere
1, Gulu la chitoliro cha mzere
Chitoliro cha mzere chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi ponyamula mafuta, mafuta oyengedwa, gasi wachilengedwe ndi mapaipi amadzi pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo mwachidule. Mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi amagawidwa makamaka m'mapaipi akuluakulu, mapaipi a nthambi ndi mapaipi apaintaneti akumatauni, mitundu itatu ya mapaipi, mzere waukulu wotumizira mapaipi ndi wofanana ndi ∮ 406 ~ 1219mm, makulidwe a khoma ndi 10 ~ 25mm, kalasi yachitsulo X42 ~ X80; payipi ya nthambi ndi mapaipi apaintaneti akumatauni ndi wofanana ndi 114 ~ 700mm, makulidwe a khoma ndi 6 ~ 20mm, kalasi yachitsulo X42 ~ X80. Mapaipi odyetsa ndi mapaipi akumatauni ndi 114-700mm, makulidwe a khoma ndi 6-20mm, kalasi yachitsulo X42-X80.
Chitoliro cha mzere chili ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa, chilinso ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika, chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika.
2, Line chitoliro muyezo
Muyezo wa chitoliro cha mzere ndi API 5L "mafotokozedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo cha payipi", koma China mu 1997 idalengeza miyezo iwiri yadziko lonse ya chitoliro cha payipi: GB/T9711.1-1997 "makampani amafuta ndi gasi, gawo loyamba la mikhalidwe yaukadaulo yoperekera chitoliro chachitsulo: chitoliro chachitsulo cha A-grade" ndi GB/T9711.2-1997 "makampani amafuta ndi gasi, gawo lachiwiri la mikhalidwe yaukadaulo yoperekera chitoliro chachitsulo: chitoliro chachitsulo cha B-grade". Chitoliro chachitsulo", miyezo iwiriyi ndi yofanana ndi API 5L, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri am'nyumba amafunikira kuperekedwa kwa miyezo iwiriyi yadziko.
3, Zokhudza PSL1 ndi PSL2
PSL ndi chidule cha mlingo wa zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa. Mulingo wa zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa mu chitoliro cha mzere umagawidwa mu PSL1 ndi PSL2, ndipo tinganenenso kuti mulingo wa khalidwe umagawidwa mu PSL1 ndi PSL2. PSL1 ndi yapamwamba kuposa PSL2, mulingo wa zinthu ziwiri si wosiyana ndi zofunikira pa mayeso, ndipo kapangidwe ka mankhwala, zofunikira pa katundu wa makina ndi zosiyana, kotero malinga ndi dongosolo la API 5L, mawu a mgwirizanowu amaphatikizapo kufotokoza zomwe zafotokozedwa, kalasi yachitsulo ndi zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino, komanso ayenera kusonyeza mulingo wa zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa, mwachitsanzo, PSL1 kapena PSL2.
PSL2 mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mphamvu zokoka, mphamvu ya kukhudza, mayeso osawononga ndi zizindikiro zina ndi zovuta kuposa PSL1.
4, payipi chitoliro zitsulo kalasi ndi mankhwala kapangidwe
Chitsulo chachitsulo cha mzere kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba chimagawidwa m'magulu awa: A25, A, B, X42, X46, X52, X60, X65, X70 ndi X80.
5, kuthamanga kwa madzi a chitoliro ndi zofunikira zosawononga
Chitoliro cha mzere chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi nthambi imodzi ndi imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito hydraulic test, ndipo muyezo sulola kupanga mphamvu ya hydraulic popanda kuwononga, zomwe ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa muyezo wa API ndi miyezo yathu.
PSL1 sikufuna mayeso osawononga, PSL2 iyenera kukhala nthambi yoyesera yosawononga nthambi iliyonse.
VI. Kulumikizana kwa Premium
1, Chiyambi cha Kulumikizana kwa Premium
Chingwe chapadera chimasiyana ndi ulusi wa API wokhala ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka ulusi wa chitoliro. Ngakhale kuti chivundikiro cha mafuta cha API chomwe chilipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa zitsime zamafuta, zofooka zake zimawonekera bwino m'malo ena apadera amafuta: mzati wa chitoliro chozungulira cha API, ngakhale kuti magwiridwe ake otsekereza ndi abwinoko, mphamvu yokoka yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi gawo lolumikizidwa ndi ulusiyo ndi yofanana ndi 60% mpaka 80% ya mphamvu ya thupi la chitoliro, kotero singagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa zitsime zakuya; mzati wa chitoliro chozungulira cha API chozungulira cha trapezoidal, magwiridwe antchito okoka a gawo lolumikizidwa ndi ofanana ndi mphamvu ya thupi la chitoliro, motero singagwiritsidwe ntchito m'zitsime zakuya; mzati wa chitoliro chozungulira cha API chozungulira cha trapezoidal, magwiridwe antchito ake okoka si abwino. Ngakhale magwiridwe antchito okoka a mzatiwo ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa kulumikizana kwa ulusi wozungulira wa API, magwiridwe antchito ake okoka si abwino kwambiri, kotero singagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa zitsime za gasi zopanikizika kwambiri; Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta opangidwa ndi ulusi amatha kugwira ntchito yake pokhapokha kutentha kuli pansi pa 95℃, kotero sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa zitsime zotentha kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi ulusi wozungulira wa API ndi ulusi wa trapezoidal pang'ono, Premium Connection yapita patsogolo kwambiri m'mbali izi:
(1) kutseka bwino, kudzera mu kapangidwe ka elastic ndi chitsulo chotseka, kotero kuti kukana kwa mpweya wolumikizirana kufikira malire a thupi la chubu mkati mwa kuthamanga kwa mphamvu;
(2) mphamvu yayikulu yolumikizira, ndi kulumikizana kwa Premium Connection kwa chivundikiro cha mafuta, mphamvu yolumikizira imafika kapena kupitirira mphamvu ya thupi la chubu, kuti athetse vuto la kutsetsereka kwakukulu;
(3) ndi kusankha zinthu ndi kukonza njira zochizira pamwamba, kwenikweni kunathetsa vuto la chomangira cha ulusi;
(4) kudzera mu kukonza bwino kapangidwe kake, kuti kugawa kwa kupsinjika kwa olowa m'malo olumikizirana kukhale koyenera, kothandiza kwambiri kukana dzimbiri la kupsinjika;
(5) kudzera mu kapangidwe ka phewa ka kapangidwe koyenera, kotero kuti ntchito yomangirira ikhale yosavuta kuchita.
Pakadali pano, dziko lapansi lapanga mitundu yoposa 100 ya Ma Connection a Premium okhala ndi ukadaulo wokhala ndi patent.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-21-2024