Kusiyana pakati pa chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

Chitsulo cha Kaboni

Chitsulo chomwe mawonekedwe ake a makina amadalira makamaka kuchuluka kwa kaboni m'chitsulocho ndipo sichimawonjezeredwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zophatikizira, nthawi zina zimatchedwa kaboni wamba kapena chitsulo cha kaboni.

Chitsulo cha kaboni, chomwe chimatchedwanso chitsulo cha kaboni, chimatanthauza zitsulo zachitsulo-kaboni zomwe zili ndi kaboni wosakwana 2%.

Chitsulo cha kaboni nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi silicon, manganese, sulfure ndi phosphorous pang'ono kuwonjezera pa kaboni.

Malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha kaboni, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi kaboni ndi chitsulo chodulidwa chopanda kaboni, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi kaboni chimagawidwa m'magulu atatu a chitsulo chopangidwa ndi kaboni chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo cho ... makina;

Malinga ndi njira yosungunula, chitsulo cha ng'anjo chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: chitsulo cha ng'anjo yathyathyathya, chitsulo chosinthira ndi chitsulo chamagetsi cha ng'anjo yamagetsi;

Malinga ndi njira ya deoxidation, chitsulo chowira (F), chitsulo chosagwira ntchito (Z), chitsulo chosagwira ntchito (b) ndi chitsulo chapadera chosagwira ntchito (TZ);

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, chitsulo cha kaboni chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: chitsulo chotsika cha kaboni (WC ≤ 0.25%), chitsulo chapakati cha kaboni (WC 0.25%-0.6%) ndi chitsulo chokwera cha kaboni (WC> 0.6%);

Malinga ndi phosphorous, kuchuluka kwa sulfure mu chitsulo cha kaboni kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri: chitsulo cha kaboni wamba (chokhala ndi phosphorous, sulfure wokwera), chitsulo cha kaboni chapamwamba (chokhala ndi phosphorous, sulfure wotsika) ndi chitsulo chapamwamba (chokhala ndi phosphorous, sulfure wotsika) ndi chitsulo chapadera chapamwamba.

Kaya imakhala ndi kaboni wambiri mu chitsulo cha kaboni, kuuma kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, mphamvu zake zimakhala zapamwamba, koma pulasitiki yake imakhala yotsika.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosagwira asidi chimatchedwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga asidi. Mwachidule, chitsulo chomwe chingapirire dzimbiri mumlengalenga chimatchedwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, pomwe chitsulo chomwe chingapirire dzimbiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala chimatchedwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi aloyi yambiri chokhala ndi chitsulo choposa 60% ngati matrix, ndikuwonjezera chromium, nickel, molybdenum ndi zinthu zina zophatikiza.

Ngati chitsulocho chili ndi chromium yoposa 12%, chitsulo chomwe chili mumlengalenga ndi kusungunuka kwa nitric acid sichimawononga ndi kuwononga. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti chromium imatha kupanga filimu yolimba kwambiri ya chromium oxide pamwamba pa chitsulo, zomwe zimateteza bwino chitsulocho ku dzimbiri. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chili mu chromium nthawi zambiri chimakhala choposa 14%, koma chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichili ndi dzimbiri konse. M'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mpweya, pamene kuchuluka kwa ayoni a chloride mumlengalenga kuli kwakukulu, pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimaonekera mumlengalenga chingakhale ndi madontho a dzimbiri, koma madontho a dzimbiri awa amangopezeka pamwamba, sadzawononga matrix amkati a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa chrome Wcr kuposa 12% ya chitsulo kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri malinga ndi kapangidwe kake pambuyo pa kutentha kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu asanu: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferrite, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic - ferrite ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha precipitated carbonized.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa ndi bungwe la matrix:

1, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic. Chili ndi 12% mpaka 30% ya chromium. Kukana dzimbiri, kulimba, komanso kusinthasintha kwake chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chromium komanso kuwongolera kupsinjika kwa chloride. Kukana dzimbiri ndikwabwino kuposa mitundu ina ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

2, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic. Chili ndi chromium yoposa 18%, chilinso ndi nickel pafupifupi 8% ndi molybdenum yochepa, titaniyamu, nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina. Chimagwira ntchito bwino, chimatha kupirira dzimbiri la zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

3、Austenitic – chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ndi ferritic, ndipo chili ndi ubwino wa superplasticity.

4, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic. Chili ndi mphamvu zambiri, koma sichili bwino ndipo sichingathe kusweka mosavuta.