Kodi flange ndi chiyani?
Flange mwachidule, mawu omveka, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza thupi lachitsulo lofanana ndi disk kuti atsegule mabowo ochepa osasunthika, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwirizanitsa zinthu zina, mtundu uwu wa chinthu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina, kotero umawoneka wachilendo pang'ono, monga. malinga ngati amadziwika kuti flange, dzina lake limachokera ku Chingerezi flange.kotero kuti chitoliro ndi cholumikizira chitoliro cha zigawo, olumikizidwa ku mapeto a chitoliro, ndi flange ali kabowo, zomangira kupanga flanges awiri Mwamphamvu ogwirizana, pakati flange ndi chisindikizo gasket.
Flange ndi ma disk oboola pakati, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mu engineering ya mapaipi, flange amagwiritsidwa ntchito awiriawiri.
Ponena za mitundu yolumikizira flange, pali zigawo zitatu:
- Mapaipi flanges
- Gasket
- Kulumikizana kwa bolt
Nthawi zambiri, pali gasket yeniyeni ndi bawuti zakuthupi zomwe zimapezeka zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwezo monga gawo la chitoliro cha chitoliro.Ma flanges omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Flanges, kumbali ina, amapezeka muzinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira za malo.Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za flange ndi monel, inconel, ndi chrome molybdenum, kutengera zomwe tsamba likufuna.Kusankha kwabwino kwazinthu kumadalira mtundu wa dongosolo lomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito flange ndi zofunikira zenizeni.
7 Mitundu Yodziwika ya Flanges
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya flanges yomwe ingasankhidwe malinga ndi zofunikira za malo.Kuti agwirizane ndi mapangidwe a flange abwino, ntchito yodalirika komanso moyo wautali wautumiki uyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndipo mtengo woyenera kwambiri uyenera kuganiziridwa.
1. flange ya ulusi:
Ma flanges opangidwa ndi ulusi, omwe ali ndi ulusi mu bore la flange, amaikidwa ndi ulusi wakunja pazitsulo.Kulumikizana kwa ulusi pano kukutanthauza kupewa kuwotcherera nthawi zonse.Zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi ulusi wofanana ndi chitoliro chomwe chiyenera kuikidwa.
2. Socket weld flanges
Mtundu uwu wa flange nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi ang'onoang'ono pomwe m'mimba mwake kutentha kwapansi ndi dera lotsika kwambiri limadziwika ndi kugwirizana komwe chitolirocho chimayikidwa mkati mwa flange kuonetsetsa kugwirizana ndi nsonga imodzi kapena yambiri.Izi zimapewa zopinga zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ulusi wa ulusi poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yowotcherera ya flange, motero kupangitsa kuyika kukhala kosavuta.
3. Zipatso za m'chiuno
Lap flange ndi mtundu wa flange womwe umafuna kuti nsonga ya stub ikhale yokhotakhota kuti ikhale yoyenera kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi flange yothandizira kuti igwirizane ndi flanged.Kukonzekera kumeneku kwapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yotchuka m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana omwe malo akuthupi amakhala ochepa, kapena kumene kuphwanyidwa kawirikawiri kumafunika, kapena kumene kukonzanso kwakukulu kumafunika.
4. Ma flanges otsetsereka
Ma flanges otsetsereka ndi ofala kwambiri ndipo amapezeka mumitundu yambiri kuti agwirizane ndi machitidwe omwe ali ndi maulendo apamwamba komanso odutsa.Kungofanana ndi flange ndi m'mimba mwake kunja kwa chitoliro kumapangitsa kugwirizana kukhala kosavuta kukhazikitsa.Kuyika kwa flanges ndi luso pang'ono chifukwa kumafuna kuwotcherera kwa fillet kumbali zonse ziwiri kuti muteteze flange ku chitoliro.
5. Flanges akhungu
Mitundu ya flange iyi ndi yoyenera kuthetseratu makina a mapaipi.Chimbale chakhungucho chimapangidwa ngati diski yopanda kanthu yomwe imatha kumangidwa ndi bawuti.Izi zikayikidwa bwino ndikuphatikizidwa ndi gasket yolondola, zimalola chisindikizo chabwino kwambiri komanso chosavuta kuchotsa pakafunika.
6. Weld Neck Flanges
Weld khosi flanges ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi lap flanges, koma amafuna matako kuwotcherera kwa unsembe.Ndipo kukhulupirika kwa machitidwe a dongosololi ndi kuthekera kwake kopindika nthawi zambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazipani zambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyambirira pakupanga mapaipi.
7. Flanges zapadera
Mtundu uwu wa flange ndi wodziwika kwambiri.Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu yambiri yapadera ya flange yomwe imapezeka kuti igwirizane ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso malo.Pali zosankha zina zosiyanasiyana monga ma nipo flanges, ma weldo flanges, ma flanges okulitsa, ma orifices, makosi aatali a weld ndi zochepetsera.
5 Mitundu Yapadera ya Flanges
1. WeldoFlange
Weldo flange ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi Nipo flange chifukwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa matako-wowotcherera flanges ndi malumikizidwe oyenera nthambi.Ma weldo flanges amapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chimodzi cholimba, m'malo momangirira mbali imodzi.
2. Ndipo flange
Nipoflange ndi chitoliro chanthambi chokhazikika pamakona a madigiri 90, ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza ma flanges opangira matako ndi Nipolet.Ngakhale kuti Nipo flange imapezeka kuti ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zolimba, sizikudziwika kuti ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi. gawo la chitoliro cha chitoliro chopangidwa ndi ogwira ntchito paipiyo.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ma Nipo flanges amapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu monga kaboni, zitsulo zotentha kwambiri komanso zotsika kutentha kwa carbon, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi alloys nickel. mphamvu poyerekeza ndi muyezo Nipo flange.
3. Elboflange ndi Latroflange
Elboflange amadziwika ngati kuphatikiza kwa flange ndi Elbolet pomwe Latroflange imadziwika kuti kuphatikiza kwa flange ndi Latrolet.Zigongono flanges ntchito mipope nthambi pa ngodya 45 digiri.
4. Mphete zozungulira
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma flanges ozungulira ndikuthandizira kuyanjanitsa mabowo a bawuti pakati pa ma flange awiri ophatikizika, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri nthawi zambiri, monga kuyika mapaipi akulu akulu, mapaipi apansi pamadzi kapena akunyanja ndi malo ofanana.Mitundu ya flange iyi ndi yoyenera kutengera madzi ofunikira mumafuta, gasi, ma hydrocarbon, madzi, mankhwala ndi ntchito zina zoyendetsera petrochemical ndi madzi.
Pankhani ya mapaipi akuluakulu ozungulira, chitolirocho chimayikidwa ndi chowotcherera chamtundu wa matako kumapeto kwina ndi flange yozungulira mbali inayo.Izi zimagwira ntchito pongotembenuza swivel flange papaipi kuti woyendetsa akwaniritse mayanidwe oyenera a mabowo a bawuti mophweka komanso mwachangu.
Zina mwamiyezo yayikulu yama ring ring flange ndi ASME kapena ANSI, DIN, BS, EN, ISO, ndi ena.Imodzi mwamiyezo yodziwika bwino ya petrochemical application ndi ANSI kapena ASME B16.5 kapena ASME B16.47.Swivel flanges ndi ma flanges omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yonse yofananira ya flange.Mwachitsanzo, kuwotcherera makosi, slip ons, lap olowa, socket welds, etc., mu makalasi zonse zakuthupi, osiyanasiyana makulidwe kuchokera 3/8 "mpaka 60", ndi mavuto kuchokera 150 mpaka 2500. flanges izi mosavuta zopangidwa kuchokera ku carbon, alloy, ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
5. Kukula flanges
Ma flanges okulitsa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kukula kwa chitoliro kuchokera kumalo enaake kupita kwina kuti alumikizitse chitoliro ku zida zilizonse zamakina monga mapampu, ma compressor, ndi ma valve omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana olowera.
Ma flanges okulitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ma flanges opangidwa ndi matako omwe amakhala ndi dzenje lalikulu pamapeto osakhala ndi flanged.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kukula kwa chimodzi kapena ziwiri kapena mainchesi 4 pabowo la chitoliro.Mitundu ya flange iyi imakondedwa kuposa kuphatikiza zochepetsera matako ndi ma flanges wamba chifukwa ndizotsika mtengo komanso zopepuka.Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukulitsa ma flanges ndi A105 ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ASTM A182.
Ma flanges okulitsa amapezeka mumiyeso ndi kukula kwake molingana ndi mafotokozedwe a ANSI kapena ASME B16.5, omwe amapezeka makamaka otukumula kapena osalala (RF kapena FF).Kuchepetsa ma flanges, omwe amadziwikanso kuti kuchepetsa ma flanges, amagwira ntchito yosiyana kwambiri ndi ma flanges, kutanthauza kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukula kwa chitoliro.Kutalika kwa chitoliro kumatha kuchepetsedwa mosavuta, koma osati ndi kukula kwa 1 kapena 2.Ngati kuyesayesa kuchepetsedwa kupitirira izi, yankho lokhazikika pazitsulo zochepetsera matako ndi ma flanges oyenera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kukula kwa Flange ndi Zolinga Zofanana
Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe kake ka flange, kukula kwake ndiye chinthu chomwe chingakhudze kusankha kwa flange popanga, kukonza ndi kukonza mapaipi.M'malo mwake, kuyenera kuganiziridwa pa mawonekedwe a flange ndi chitoliro ndi ma gaskets omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atsimikizire kukula koyenera.Kuphatikiza pa izi, malingaliro odziwika bwino ndi awa:
- M'mimba mwake: Kunja kwakunja ndi mtunda wapakati pa mbali ziwiri zotsutsana za nkhope ya flange.
- Makulidwe: Kunenepa kumayesedwa kuchokera kunja kwa mkombero.
- Bolt Circle Diameter: Uwu ndiye mtunda pakati pa mabowo achibale omwe amayezedwa kuchokera pakati kupita pakati.
- Kukula kwa Chitoliro: Kukula kwa chitoliro ndi kukula kogwirizana ndi flange.
- Nominal Bore: Kubowola mwadzina ndi kukula kwa mkati mwa cholumikizira cha flange.
Flange Classification ndi Service Level
Flanges amagawidwa makamaka ndi kuthekera kwawo kupirira kutentha ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana.Amasankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo kapena suffixes "#", "lb" kapena "class".Awa ndi ma suffixes osinthika ndipo amasiyananso ndi dera kapena ogulitsa.Magulu odziwika bwino alembedwa pansipa:
- 150 #
300 #
600 #
900 #
1500 #
2500 #
Kupanikizika komweko ndi kulekerera kutentha kumasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mapangidwe a flange ndi kukula kwa flange.Komabe, chokhazikika chokha ndicho kukakamiza, komwe kumachepa pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka.
Mtundu wa nkhope ya Flange
Mtundu wa nkhope ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yomaliza ndi moyo wautumiki wa flange.Chifukwa chake, mitundu ina yofunika kwambiri ya nkhope za flange ikuwunikidwa pansipa:
1. Flange Lathyathyathya (FF)
The gasket pamwamba flange lathyathyathya ali mu ndege yomweyo monga pamwamba pa chimango bolted.Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma flanges osalala nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nkhungu kuti zigwirizane ndi chivundikiro cha flange kapena flange.Ma flanges athyathyathya sayenera kuyikidwa pa ma flanges opindika mbali.ASME B31.1 imanena kuti polumikizana ndi ma flanges achitsulo chathyathyathya ku carbon steel flanges, nkhope yokwezeka pama flanges a carbon steel iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo gasket yonse ya nkhope ikufunika.Izi ndikuteteza kuti tizitsulo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tisaponyedwe m'malo opangidwa ndi mphuno yokwezeka ya carbon steel flange.
Mtundu uwu wa nkhope ya flange umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipangizo ndi ma valve pa ntchito zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo.Cast iron imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kochepa, kutsika kwapansi.Nkhope yathyathyathya imalola kuti ma flanges onse azilumikizana kwathunthu padziko lonse lapansi.Flat Flanges (FF) ali ndi malo olumikizana omwe ali kutalika kofanana ndi ulusi wa bawuti wa flange.Makina ochapira amaso athunthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ma flange awiri athyathyathya ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ofewa.Malinga ndi ASME B31.3, ma flanges athyathyathya sayenera kulumikizidwa ndi ma flanges okwera chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa kutayikira kuchokera pamgwirizano wopindika.
2. Flange Yokwezera Nkhope (RF)
Flange yokwezeka ya nkhope ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu ndipo umadziwika mosavuta.Imatchedwa convex chifukwa nkhope ya gasket ili pamwamba pa nkhope ya mphete ya bawuti.Mtundu uliwonse wa kuyang'ana umafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya ma gaskets, kuphatikizapo ma tabu a mphete athyathyathya ndi zida zachitsulo monga mabala ozungulira komanso mawonekedwe amitundu iwiri.
Ma RF flanges adapangidwa kuti azingoyang'ananso kupanikizika kwina kwa gawo laling'ono la gasket, potero kuwongolera kuwongolera kolumikizana.ma diameter ndi utali wake malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga ndi m'mimba mwake akufotokozedwa mu ASME B16.5.Kuthamanga kwa Flange kumatanthawuza kutalika kwa nkhope yomwe ikukwezedwa. Ma flange a RF amapangidwira kuti ayang'anenso kupanikizika kwina kwa gawo laling'ono la gasket, motero amawonjezera mphamvu yolamulira kupanikizika kwa joint. ASME B16.5.Pressure flange ratings.
3. Phokoso la mphete (RTJ)
Pamene chisindikizo chachitsulo ndi chitsulo pakati pa ma flanges awiriwa chimafunika (chomwe chimakhala chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pamwamba pa 700/800 C °), Ring Joint Flange (RTJ) imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mphepete mwa mpheteyo imakhala ndi nsonga yozungulira yomwe imakhala ndi gasket yolumikizana ndi mphete (oval kapena rectangular).
Pamene ma flange awiri a mphete amangiriridwa palimodzi ndikumangidwa, mphamvu ya bawuti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imasokoneza gasket mumsewu wa flange, ndikupanga chosindikizira cholimba kwambiri chachitsulo mpaka chitsulo.Kuti izi zitheke, zinthu za gasket yolumikizana ndi mphete ziyenera kukhala zofewa (zambiri ductile) kuposa za flanges.
Ma RTJ flanges amatha kusindikizidwa ndi ma RTJ gaskets amitundu yosiyanasiyana (R, RX, BX) ndi mbiri (mwachitsanzo, octagonal/elliptical for R mtundu).
Gasket yodziwika bwino ya RTJ ndi mtundu wa R wokhala ndi gawo la octagonal, chifukwa umatsimikizira chisindikizo champhamvu kwambiri (gawo lozungulira ndi lakale).Komabe, mapangidwe a "flat groove" amavomereza mitundu yonse iwiri ya ma gaskets a RTJ okhala ndi gawo la octagonal kapena oval cross-section.
4. Lilime ndi groove flanges (T & G)
Malirime awiri ndi ma groove flanges (nkhope za T & G) zimagwirizana bwino: flange imodzi ili ndi mphete yokwezeka ndipo ina ili ndi mizati yomwe imalowa mosavuta (lilime limalowa mu groove ndikusindikiza mgwirizano).
Lilime ndi groove flanges amapezeka mu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.
5. Ma Flanges Amuna ndi Aakazi (M & F)
Zofanana ndi lilime ndi ma groove flanges, ma flange aamuna ndi aakazi (mitundu ya nkhope ya M & F) amafanana.
Flange imodzi ili ndi malo omwe amapitirira pamwamba pake, flange yamphongo, ndipo flange ina ili ndi madontho ofananirako omwe amamangidwira kumtunda, flange yachikazi.
Flange Surface Yomaliza
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti flange ikwanira bwino pa gasket ndi mating flange, malo a flange amafunikira roughness (RF ndi FF flange imatha kokha).Mtundu wa roughness wa nkhope ya flange umatanthawuza mtundu wa "flange kumaliza".
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi stock, concentric serrated, spiral serrated ndi nkhope zosalala za flange.
Pali zomaliza zinayi zoyambira zitsulo zachitsulo, komabe, cholinga chodziwika cha mtundu uliwonse wa kumaliza kwa flange ndikutulutsa roughness yomwe ikufunika pamtunda wa flange kuonetsetsa kuti pamakhala pakati pa flange, gasket ndi mating flange kuti apereke chisindikizo chabwino. .
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-08-2023