Kuchiza kutentha kumatanthawuza kutenthetsa kwachitsulo komwe zinthuzo zimatenthedwa, kusungidwa ndi kuziziritsa mwa kutenthetsa m'malo olimba kuti apeze bungwe lofunidwa ndi katundu.
I. Chithandizo cha Kutentha
1, Normalizing: zitsulo kapena zitsulo zidutswa zimatenthedwa mpaka AC3 kapena ACM pamwamba pa kutentha koyenera kuti zikhalebe ndi nthawi yozizirira mumlengalenga, kuti mupeze mtundu wa pearlitic wa bungwe la ndondomeko ya kutentha.
2, Annealing: eutectic zitsulo workpiece kutenthedwa ndi AC3 pamwamba 20-40 madigiri, atagwira kwa nthawi, ndi ng'anjo pang'onopang'ono utakhazikika (kapena kukwiriridwa mu mchenga kapena laimu kuzirala) mpaka madigiri 500 pansi kuzirala mu mpweya kutentha ndondomeko mankhwala. .
3, olimba njira kutentha mankhwala: aloyi ndi usavutike mtima kwa mkulu kutentha umodzi gawo dera la kutentha zonse kusunga, kuti owonjezera gawo mokwanira kusungunuka mu njira olimba, ndiyeno utakhazikika mwamsanga kupeza supersaturated olimba njira kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko. .
4, Kukalamba: Pambuyo olimba njira kutentha mankhwala kapena ozizira pulasitiki mapindikidwe aloyi, pamene aikidwa firiji kapena kusungidwa kutentha pang'ono kuposa kutentha chipinda, chodabwitsa cha katundu wake kusintha ndi nthawi.
5, mankhwala olimba yankho: kuti aloyi mu magawo osiyanasiyana kusungunuka kwathunthu, kulimbitsa njira olimba ndi kusintha toughness ndi kukana dzimbiri, kuthetsa nkhawa ndi kufewetsa, kuti apitirize processing akamaumba.
6, Chithandizo cha ukalamba: Kutentha ndi kugwira pa kutentha kwa mpweya wa gawo lolimbikitsa, kuti mpweya wa gawo lolimbikitsa uwonjezeke, kuumitsa, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu.
7, Kuzimitsa: zitsulo austenitization pambuyo kuzirala pa mlingo woyenera kuzirala, kuti workpiece mu gawo lonse kapena osiyanasiyana kusakhazikika dongosolo dongosolo monga martensite kusintha kwa ndondomeko kutentha mankhwala.
8, Kutentha: workpiece kuzimitsidwa adzakhala mkangano kwa mfundo yovuta ya AC1 pansi pa kutentha koyenera kwa nthawi inayake, ndiyeno utakhazikika malinga ndi zofunikira za njira, kuti apeze bungwe ankafuna ndi katundu wa Kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko.
9, Zitsulo carbonitriding: carbonitriding ndi pamwamba wosanjikiza zitsulo pa nthawi yomweyo kulowerera mpweya ndi nayitrogeni ndondomeko.Mwambo carbonitriding amadziwikanso kuti cyanide, sing'anga kutentha mpweya carbonitriding ndi otsika kutentha mpweya carbonitriding (ie mpweya nitrocarburizing) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Cholinga chachikulu cha sing'anga kutentha mpweya carbonitriding ndi kusintha kuuma, kuvala kukana ndi kutopa mphamvu ya chitsulo.Otsika kutentha mpweya carbonitriding kuti nitriding ofotokoza, cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kusintha avale kukana zitsulo ndi kuluma kukana.
10, Chithandizo cha kutentha (kuzimitsa ndi kutentha): mwambo wamba udzazimitsidwa ndikutenthedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kuphatikiza ndi kutentha komwe kumadziwika kuti kutentha.Chithandizo cha kutentha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana ofunikira, makamaka omwe akugwira ntchito mosinthana ndi ndodo zolumikizira, mabawuti, magiya ndi ma shafts.Tempering pambuyo tempering mankhwala kupeza kupsa mtima sohnite bungwe, mawotchi katundu ndi kuposa kuuma yemweyo wa normalized sohnite bungwe.Kuuma kwake kumadalira kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha ndi kukhazikika kwachitsulo ndi kukula kwa gawo la workpiece, makamaka pakati pa HB200-350.
11, Brazing: ndi zinthu brazing adzakhala mitundu iwiri ya workpiece Kutentha Kutentha kusungunuka womangidwa pamodzi kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko.
II.Tmakhalidwe a ndondomeko
Metal kutentha mankhwala ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri pakupanga makina, poyerekeza ndi njira zina Machining, kutentha mankhwala zambiri sasintha mawonekedwe a workpiece ndi lonse mankhwala zikuchokera, koma kusintha microstructure mkati mwa workpiece, kapena kusintha mankhwala. kapangidwe ka pamwamba pa workpiece, kupereka kapena kusintha ntchito workpiece katundu.Zimadziwika ndi kuwongolera kwamkati kwa kachipangizo kantchito, komwe nthawi zambiri sikumawoneka ndi maso.Pofuna kupanga zitsulo zogwirira ntchito ndi zofunikira zamakina, katundu wakuthupi ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo kusankha koyenera kwa zipangizo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, njira yopangira kutentha nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunikira.Chitsulo ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga makina, zitsulo za microstructure zovuta, zimatha kuwongoleredwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha, kotero kuti kutentha kwachitsulo ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zachitsulo.Kuphatikiza apo, aluminium, mkuwa, magnesium, titaniyamu ndi ma aloyi ena amathanso kutentha kutentha kuti asinthe makina ake, thupi ndi mankhwala, kuti apeze ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
III.Tiye process
Njira yochizira kutentha nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kutenthetsa, kugwira, kuziziritsa njira zitatu, nthawi zina kutenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa njira ziwiri zokha.Njirazi zimalumikizidwa wina ndi mzake, sizingasokonezedwe.
Kutentha ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zochizira kutentha.Metal kutentha mankhwala ambiri Kutentha njira, oyambirira ndi ntchito makala ndi malasha monga gwero kutentha, ntchito posachedwapa wa madzi ndi gasi mafuta.Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kumapangitsa kutentha kukhala kosavuta kuwongolera, komanso kusawononga chilengedwe.Kugwiritsa ntchito magwero kutentha akhoza mwachindunji usavutike mtima, komanso kudzera mchere wosungunula kapena zitsulo, kuti zoyandama particles kwa Kutentha ina.
Zitsulo Kutentha, workpiece poyera mpweya, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, decarburization nthawi zambiri zimachitika (ie, pamwamba mpweya zili mbali zitsulo kuchepetsa), amene ali ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri pa zinthu pamwamba pa kutentha kuchitiridwa mbali.Choncho, zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimayenera kukhala pamalo otetezedwa kapena otetezedwa, mchere wosungunula ndi kutentha kwa vacuum, komanso zokutira zopezeka kapena njira zosungiramo zotetezera kutentha.
Kutentha kwa kutentha ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha kutentha, kusankha ndi kulamulira kutentha kwa kutentha, ndikuonetsetsa kuti chithandizo cha kutentha kwa nkhani zazikuluzikulu chikuyenda bwino.Kutentha kutentha zimasiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala zitsulo ndi cholinga cha kutentha mankhwala, koma zambiri mkangano pamwamba pa gawo kusintha kutentha kupeza mkulu kutentha bungwe.Komanso, kusintha kumafuna kuchuluka kwa nthawi, kotero pamene pamwamba pa zitsulo workpiece kukwaniritsa chofunika Kutentha kutentha, komanso kukhala anakhalabe pa kutentha kwa nthawi inayake, kuti mkati ndi kunja kutentha. zimagwirizana, kotero kuti kusintha kwa microstructure kutha, komwe kumadziwika kuti nthawi yogwira.Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso chithandizo cha kutentha kwapamwamba, kutentha kwa kutentha kumathamanga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kulibe nthawi yogwira, pamene mankhwala opangira kutentha kwa nthawi yogwira amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kuziziritsa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kutentha, njira zoziziritsa chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kuwongolera kuzizira.General annealing kuzirala ndi pang'onopang'ono, normalizing kuzirala ndi mofulumira, kuzimitsa kuzirala ndi mofulumira.Komanso chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana, monga mpweya woumitsa zitsulo akhoza kuzimitsidwa ndi mlingo kuzirala chimodzimodzi monga normalizing.
IV.PRocess classification
Njira yochizira kutentha kwachitsulo imatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu onse, chithandizo cha kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kutentha kwamankhwala.Malinga ndi kutenthetsa sing'anga, kutentha kutentha ndi njira yozizira yosiyana, gulu lililonse limatha kugawidwa m'njira zingapo zosiyanasiyana.Chitsulo chomwecho pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha, zimatha kupeza mabungwe osiyanasiyana, motero kukhala ndi katundu wosiyana.Chitsulo ndi zitsulo ndizitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani, ndipo microstructure yachitsulo ndizovuta kwambiri, kotero pali njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kutentha kwazitsulo.
Ponseponse kutentha mankhwala ndi Kutentha wonse wa workpiece, ndiyeno utakhazikika pa mlingo woyenera, kupeza chofunika zitsulo gulu, kuti kusintha lonse mawotchi zimatha zitsulo ndondomeko kutentha mankhwala.Onse kutentha mankhwala zitsulo pafupifupi annealing, normalizing, quenching ndi tempering njira zinayi zofunika.
Njira imatanthauza:
Annealing ndi workpiece ndi kutenthedwa ndi kutentha koyenera, malinga ndi zinthu ndi kukula kwa workpiece ntchito osiyana akugwira nthawi, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono utakhazikika, cholinga ndi kupanga bungwe mkati mwa zitsulo kukwaniritsa kapena kuyandikira kwa mgwirizano boma. , kupeza njira yabwino yogwirira ntchito ndi ntchito, kapena kuzimitsidwa kwina kwa bungwe la kukonzekera.
Normalizing ndi workpiece ndi usavutike mtima kwa kutentha yoyenera pambuyo kuzirala mu mlengalenga, zotsatira za normalizing ndi ofanana annealing, kokha kupeza bwino bungwe, nthawi zambiri ntchito kusintha ntchito kudula zinthu, komanso nthawi zina ntchito zina za mbali zosafunikira kwenikweni monga chithandizo chomaliza cha kutentha.
Kuzimitsa ndi workpiece ndi usavutike mtima ndi insulated, m'madzi, mafuta kapena mchere zina inorganic, organic amadzimadzi njira ndi zina quenching sing'anga kwa kuzirala mofulumira.Pambuyo pozimitsa, zigawo zachitsulo zimakhala zolimba, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zowonongeka, kuti zithetse vutoli panthawi yake, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kupsa mtima panthawi yake.
Pofuna kuchepetsa brittleness mbali zitsulo, kuzimitsidwa zitsulo mbali pa kutentha oyenera kuposa kutentha chipinda ndi otsika kuposa 650 ℃ kwa nthawi yaitali kutchinjiriza, ndiyeno utakhazikika, ndondomeko amatchedwa tempering.Annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering ndi chithandizo chonse cha kutentha mu "moto zinayi", zomwe kuzimitsa ndi kutentha zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi, chimodzi ndi chofunikira kwambiri."Moto anayi" ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira kosiyana, ndikusintha njira yochizira kutentha.Kuti apeze mphamvu zinazake ndi kulimba, kuzimitsa ndi kutentha pa kutentha kwakukulu pamodzi ndi ndondomekoyi, yotchedwa tempering.Ma aloyi ena atazimitsidwa kuti apange njira yolimba ya supersaturated, amasungidwa kutentha kwa firiji kapena kutentha koyenera pang'ono kwa nthawi yayitali kuti apititse patsogolo kuuma, mphamvu, kapena maginito amagetsi a aloyi.Njira yothandizira kutentha yotereyi imatchedwa chithandizo chaukalamba.
Kupanikizika processing mapindikidwe ndi kutentha mankhwala bwino ndi ogwirizana kuchita, kuti workpiece kupeza mphamvu zabwino kwambiri, toughness ndi njira yotchedwa mapindikidwe kutentha mankhwala;mu zoipa-anzanu mlengalenga kapena vacuum mu kutentha mankhwala otchedwa vacuum kutentha mankhwala, amene osati akhoza kupanga workpiece si oxidize, musati decarburize, kusunga pamwamba workpiece pambuyo mankhwala, kusintha ntchito workpiece, koma komanso kudzera mu osmotic wothandizira mankhwala kutentha kutentha.
Pamwamba kutentha mankhwala kokha Kutentha pamwamba wosanjikiza workpiece kusintha mawotchi zimatha pamwamba wosanjikiza zitsulo ndondomeko kutentha mankhwala.Kuti kokha kutentha pamwamba wosanjikiza workpiece popanda kwambiri kutentha kutengerapo mu workpiece, ntchito kutentha gwero ayenera kukhala mkulu mphamvu kachulukidwe, ndiko kuti, mu unit dera workpiece kupereka lalikulu kutentha mphamvu, kotero kuti pamwamba wosanjikiza workpiece kapena localized kungakhale nthawi yochepa kapena yomweyo kufika kutentha kwambiri.Kuchiza kutentha kwapamtunda kwa njira zazikulu zozimitsa lawi ndi kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, zotentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga oxyacetylene kapena lawi la oxypropane, induction current, laser ndi electron mtengo.
Kuchiza kutentha kwa Chemical ndi njira yachitsulo yochizira kutentha kwachitsulo posintha kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wa workpiece.Kuchiza kutentha kwa mankhwala kumasiyana ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwapamwamba chifukwa choyambirira chimasintha mankhwala omwe ali pamtunda wa workpiece.Mankhwala kutentha mankhwala aikidwa pa workpiece munali mpweya, atolankhani mchere kapena zinthu zina alloying wa sing'anga (gasi, madzi, olimba) mu Kutentha, kutchinjiriza kwa nthawi yaitali, kuti pamwamba wosanjikiza wa workpiece kulowetsedwa mpweya. , nayitrogeni, boron ndi chromium ndi zinthu zina.Pambuyo kulowerera zinthu, ndi zina kutentha mankhwala njira monga quenching ndi tempering.Njira zazikulu zothandizira kutentha kwa mankhwala ndi carburizing, nitriding, kulowa kwachitsulo.
Chithandizo cha kutentha ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga magawo amakina ndi nkhungu.Nthawi zambiri, imatha kuonetsetsa ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a workpiece, monga kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri.Angathenso kusintha bungwe la akusowekapo ndi nkhawa boma, kuti atsogolere zosiyanasiyana ozizira ndi otentha processing.
Mwachitsanzo: woyera kuponyedwa chitsulo patapita nthawi yaitali annealing mankhwala angapezeke malleable kuponyedwa chitsulo, kusintha plasticity;magiya okhala ndi njira yoyenera yochizira kutentha, moyo wautumiki ukhoza kukhala wopitilira magiya otenthedwa kapena kangapo;kuonjezera apo, zitsulo zotsika mtengo za carbon polowetsa zinthu zina za alloying zimakhala ndi zitsulo zotsika mtengo za aloyi, zimatha kusintha zitsulo zosagwira kutentha, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri;nkhungu ndi kufa pafupifupi onse ayenera kudutsa kutentha mankhwala Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha kutentha mankhwala.
Njira zowonjezera
I. Mitundu ya annealing
Annealing ndi njira yochizira kutentha yomwe chogwiritsira ntchito chimatenthedwa ndi kutentha koyenera, kusungidwa kwa nthawi inayake, kenako kuzirala pang'onopang'ono.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zitsulo annealing ndondomeko, malinga ndi kutentha kutentha akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mmodzi ali pa kutentha kwambiri (Ac1 kapena Ac3) pamwamba annealing, amatchedwanso gawo kusintha recrystallization annealing, kuphatikizapo annealing wathunthu, osakwanira annealing. , spheroidal annealing ndi diffusion annealing (homogenization annealing), etc.;winayo ndi pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa annealing, kuphatikizapo recrystallization annealing ndi de-stressing annealing, etc.
1, kutsekereza kwathunthu ndi kutenthetsa kotentha
Complete annealing, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti recrystallization annealing, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa annealing, ndi chitsulo kapena chitsulo chotenthetsera Ac3 pamwamba pa 20 ~ 30 ℃, kutchinjiriza kwautali wokwanira kuti bungwe likhale lokhazikika pambuyo pozizira pang'onopang'ono, kuti apeze bungwe lofanana. za njira yochizira kutentha.Kuphatikizika uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ma sub-eutectic amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kaboni ndi aloyi zitsulo, ma forging ndi ma profiles otenthedwa, ndipo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma welds.Nthawi zambiri monga chiwerengero cha si lolemera workpiece komaliza kutentha mankhwala, kapena monga chisanadze kutentha mankhwala a workpieces.
2, kusewera mpira
Spheroidal annealing imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga chitsulo chowonjezera cha carbon ndi alloy tool (monga kupanga zida zam'mphepete, ma geji, nkhungu ndi kufa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo).Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuchepetsa kuuma, kukonza machinability, ndikukonzekera kuzimitsa mtsogolo.
3, kuchepetsa nkhawa annealing
Kuchepetsa kupsinjika, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kutsika kwa kutentha (kapena kutenthetsa kwambiri), kutsekemera uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuthetsa zoponya, zofota, zowotcherera, zigawo zotenthedwa, zokokedwa ndi kuzizira ndi kupsinjika kwina kotsalira.Ngati izi sizikutha, zingayambitse zitsulo pakapita nthawi, kapena m'kupita kwanthawi kochepa kuti apange mapindikidwe kapena ming'alu.
4. Annealing yosakwanira ndikuwotcha chitsulo ku Ac1 ~ Ac3 (sub-eutectic steel) kapena Ac1 ~ ACcm (chitsulo chowonjezera-eutectic) pakati pa kusungirako kutentha ndi kuzizira pang'onopang'ono kuti mupeze bungwe loyenera la ndondomeko ya kutentha kwa kutentha.
II.kuzimitsa, njira yoziziritsira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi brine, madzi ndi mafuta.
Kuzimitsa madzi amchere a workpiece, zosavuta kupeza mkulu kuuma ndi yosalala pamwamba, si zophweka kubala quenching osati zovuta zofewa malo, koma n'zosavuta kuti workpiece mapindikidwe ndi aakulu, ndipo ngakhale akulimbana.Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta monga sing'anga kuzimitsira ndi oyenera kukhazikika kwa supercooled austenite ndi yaikulu mu aloyi zitsulo kapena yaing'ono ya carbon zitsulo workpiece quenching.
III.cholinga cha kutenthetsa zitsulo
1, kuchepetsa brittleness, kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa nkhawa mkati, zitsulo kuzimitsa pali kupsyinjika kwakukulu kwa mkati ndi brittleness, monga kusatentha kwanthawi yake nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti chitsulo chiwonongeke kapena ngakhale kusweka.
2, kupeza zofunika makina katundu workpiece, workpiece pambuyo kuzimitsa kuuma mkulu ndi brittleness, kuti akwaniritse zofunika za katundu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana workpieces, mukhoza kusintha kuuma mwa tempering yoyenera kuchepetsa brittleness. kulimba kofunikira, pulasitiki.
3, Khazikitsani kukula kwa workpiece
4, chifukwa annealing n'zovuta kufewetsa zitsulo zina aloyi, mu quenching (kapena normalizing) nthawi zambiri ntchito pambuyo mkulu-kutentha kutentha, kotero kuti zitsulo carbide zoyenera aggregation, kuuma adzakhala yafupika, kuti atsogolere kudula ndi processing.
Malingaliro owonjezera
1, annealing: amatanthauza zipangizo zitsulo kutenthedwa ndi kutentha koyenera, anakhalabe kwa nthawi ndithu, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono utakhazikika kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko.Njira wamba annealing ndi: recrystallization annealing, kuchepetsa nkhawa annealing, spheroidal annealing, annealing wathunthu, etc. , kusintha bungwe ndi zikuchokera homogenization, kapena yotsirizira kutentha mankhwala kupanga bungwe kukonzekera.
2, normalizing: amatanthauza chitsulo kapena chitsulo mkangano kapena (zitsulo pa mfundo yovuta kutentha) pamwamba, 30 ~ 50 ℃ kukhalabe nthawi yoyenera, kuzirala mu akadali mpweya kutentha ndondomeko mankhwala.Cholinga normalizing: makamaka kusintha mawotchi zimatha otsika mpweya zitsulo, kusintha kudula ndi machinability, kuunikira tirigu, kuthetsa zilema bungwe, chifukwa chotsiriza kutentha mankhwala kukonzekera bungwe.
3, kuzimitsa: amatanthauza chitsulo mkangano kwa Ac3 kapena Ac1 (zitsulo pansi mfundo yovuta kutentha) pamwamba pa kutentha kwina, kusunga nthawi, ndiyeno ku mlingo woyenera kuzirala, kupeza martensite (kapena bainite) bungwe la Kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko.Njira zozimitsira wamba ndizo kuzimitsa kwapakatikati, kuzimitsidwa kwapawiri-pakatikati, kuzimitsa kwa martensite, kuzimitsa kwapadera kwa isothermal, kuzimitsa kwapamtunda ndi kuzimitsidwa kwanuko.Cholinga cha kuzimitsa: kotero kuti mbali zitsulo kupeza chofunika martensitic bungwe, kusintha kuuma workpiece, mphamvu ndi abrasion kukana, kwa yotsirizira kutentha mankhwala kukonzekera bwino bungwe.
4, kutentha: kumatanthauza chitsulo chowumitsidwa, kenako kutenthedwa ndi kutentha pansi pa Ac1, kugwira nthawi, ndiyeno kuziziritsa kutentha kwa kutentha.Njira zodziwikiratu ndi izi: kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono, kutenthetsa kwapakatikati, kutenthetsa kwambiri komanso kuzizira kosiyanasiyana.
Cholinga cha kutentha: makamaka kuthetsa kupsinjika komwe kumapangidwa ndi chitsulo mukuzimitsa, kuti chitsulocho chikhale cholimba kwambiri komanso kuvala kukana, ndipo chimakhala ndi pulasitiki yofunikira komanso yolimba.
5, kutenthetsa: kumatanthauza chitsulo kapena chitsulo chozimitsa ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwa njira yothandizira kutentha.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zitsulo zotchedwa tempered steel.Nthawi zambiri amatanthawuza zitsulo zapakati pa carbon structural steel ndi medium carbon alloy structural steel.
6, carburizing: carburizing ndi njira yopangira maatomu a carbon kuti alowe pamwamba pazitsulo.Ndi kupanga otsika mpweya zitsulo workpiece ali pamwamba wosanjikiza wa mkulu mpweya zitsulo, ndiyeno pambuyo quenching ndi otsika kutentha tempering, kuti pamwamba wosanjikiza workpiece ali kuuma mkulu ndi kuvala kukana, pamene pakati mbali ya workpiece. amasungabe kulimba ndi pulasitiki ya chitsulo chochepa cha carbon.
Njira ya vacuum
Chifukwa kutenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa kwazitsulo zopangira zitsulo kumafuna zochita khumi ndi ziwiri kapena zingapo kuti zithe.Zochita izi ikuchitika mkati vakuyumu kutentha mankhwala ng'anjo, woyendetsa sangathe kuyandikira, kotero mlingo wa zochita zokha za vakuyumu kutentha mankhwala ng'anjo chofunika kukhala apamwamba.Pa nthawi yomweyo, zochita zina, monga Kutentha ndi kugwira mapeto a zitsulo workpiece kuzimitsa ndondomeko adzakhala asanu, zisanu ndi ziwiri zochita ndi kutha mkati 15 masekondi.Izi agile zinthu kuti amalize zochita zambiri, n'zosavuta kuchititsa mantha woyendetsa ndi kupanga misoperation.Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwapamwamba kokha komwe kumatha kukhala kolondola, kulumikizana kwanthawi yake molingana ndi pulogalamuyo.
Vacuum kutentha mankhwala mbali zitsulo ikuchitika mu chatsekedwa zingalowe ng'anjo, okhwima zingalowe kusindikiza odziwika bwino.Choncho, kupeza ndi kutsatira choyambirira mpweya kutayikira mlingo wa ng'anjo, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito vakuyumu ng'anjo zingalowe, kuonetsetsa ubwino wa zigawo zingalowe kutentha kutentha ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwambiri.Chifukwa chake nkhani yofunika kwambiri ya ng'anjo yochizira vacuum ndi kukhala ndi mawonekedwe odalirika osindikizira vacuum.Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ng'anjo yowonongeka ya ng'anjo yowonongeka, mawonekedwe a kutentha kwa ng'anjo ya vacuum ayenera kutsatira mfundo yofunikira, ndiye kuti, thupi la ng'anjo liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa gasi, pamene thupi la ng'anjo lingathe kutsegula kapena kusatsegula. dzenje, zochepa kapena kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osindikizira amphamvu, kuti muchepetse mwayi wotuluka mu vacuum.Zomwe zimayikidwa mu ng'anjo ya ng'anjo ya vacuum, zowonjezera, monga ma electrode oziziritsidwa ndi madzi, chipangizo chotumiza kunja kwa thermocouple chiyeneranso kupangidwa kuti chisindikize.
Zida zambiri zotenthetsera ndi kutchinjiriza zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa vacuum.Vacuum kutentha mankhwala ng'anjo Kutentha ndi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza akalowa ali mu vakuyumu ndi mkulu kutentha ntchito, kotero zipangizozi kuika patsogolo kutentha kukana, zotsatira cheza, madutsidwe matenthedwe ndi zofunika zina.Zofunikira pakukana kwa okosijeni sizokwera.Choncho, vakuyumu kutentha mankhwala ng'anjo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum ndi graphite kwa Kutentha ndi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza zipangizo.Zidazi ndizosavuta kuti oxidize mumlengalenga, chifukwa chake, ng'anjo yamoto wamba sangagwiritse ntchito zida zotenthetsera ndi kutchinjiriza.
Madzi utakhazikika chipangizo: zingalowe kutentha kutentha ng'anjo chipolopolo, ng'anjo chivundikirocho, magetsi Kutentha zinthu, madzi utakhazikika maelekitirodi, wapakatikati zingalowe kutentha kutchinjiriza chitseko ndi zigawo zina, ali mu vacuum, pansi pa ntchito kutentha.Kugwira ntchito pansi pazifukwa zosasangalatsa zotere, ziyenera kuwonetseredwa kuti kapangidwe ka gawo lililonse simapunduka kapena kuonongeka, ndipo chisindikizo cha vacuum sichitenthedwa kapena kuwotchedwa.Choncho, chigawo chilichonse chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zipangizo zoziziritsira madzi kuti zitsimikizire kuti ng'anjo yotentha ya vacuum imatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndikukhala ndi moyo wokwanira wogwiritsa ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi otsika kwambiri: chidebe cha vacuum, pomwe kuchuluka kwa vacuum vacuum yamitundu ingapo ya lxlo-1 torr, chidebe chamagetsi chamagetsi chamagetsi chapamwamba, chidzatulutsa chodabwitsa chotulutsa.Mu ng'anjo yochizira kutentha kwa vacuum, kutulutsa kwakukulu kwa arc kumawotcha chinthu chotenthetsera chamagetsi, chosanjikiza chotsekereza, kuchititsa ngozi zazikulu ndi kutayika.Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwa vacuum kutentha kwa ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri sikupitilira 80 a 100 volts.Nthawi yomweyo, mu kapangidwe kazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi kuti athe kuchitapo kanthu, monga kuyesa kupewa nsonga ya magawo, ma elekitirodi pakati pa ma elekitirodi sangakhale ochepa kwambiri, kuti apewe kutulutsa kowala kapena arc. kutulutsa.
Kutentha
Malingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za ntchito ya workpiece, malingana ndi kutentha kwake kosiyanasiyana, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awa:
(a) kutentha kwapansi (madigiri 150-250)
Kutentha kochepa kwa kutentha kwa bungwe lochokera ku tempered martensite.Cholinga chake ndikusunga kuuma kwakukulu komanso kukana kwachitsulo chozimitsidwa chifukwa chochepetsera kupsinjika kwamkati mkati ndi brittleness, kuti asawonongeke kapena kuwonongeka msanga pakagwiritsidwe ntchito.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana zodulira mpweya wambiri, ma geji, kufa kozizira, kugudubuzika ndi magawo a carburized, etc., pambuyo kuuma kuuma nthawi zambiri kumakhala HRC58-64.
(ii) kutentha kwapakati (250-500 madigiri)
Gulu lotenthetsera kutentha kwapakatikati la thupi la quartz.Cholinga chake ndikupeza mphamvu zokolola zambiri, malire otanuka komanso kulimba kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya akasupe ndi kukonza nkhungu yotentha, kuuma kotentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala HRC35-50.
(C) kutentha kwambiri kutentha (500-650 madigiri)
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa bungwe la Sohnite wokwiya.Mwambo kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kutentha kuphatikiza kutentha mankhwala otchedwa tempering chithandizo, cholinga chake ndi kupeza mphamvu, kuuma ndi plasticity, toughness ndi bwino lonse makina katundu.Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, mathirakitala, zida zamakina ndi magawo ena ofunikira, monga ndodo zolumikizira, mabawuti, magiya ndi ma shafts.Kuuma pambuyo kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala HB200-330.
Kupewa kusinthika
Mwatsatanetsatane zovuta nkhungu mapindikidwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri zovuta, koma ife basi katswiri malamulo ake mapindikidwe, kusanthula zifukwa zake, ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kupewa mapindikidwe nkhungu amatha kuchepetsa, komanso amatha kulamulira.Nthawi zambiri, kutentha mankhwala a mwatsatanetsatane zovuta nkhungu mapindikidwe akhoza kutenga njira zotsatirazi kupewa.
(1) Kusankha zinthu mwanzeru.Mwatsatanetsatane nkhungu zovuta ayenera kusankhidwa zinthu zabwino microdeformation nkhungu zitsulo (monga mpweya quenching zitsulo), ndi carbide tsankho lalikulu nkhungu zitsulo ayenera kukhala wololera forging ndi tempering kutentha mankhwala, chachikulu ndipo sangathe kupangidwa chitsulo nkhungu akhoza kukhala olimba njira pawiri kuyengedwa. kutentha mankhwala.
(2) Mapangidwe a nkhungu ayenera kukhala wololera, makulidwe sayenera kukhala osiyana kwambiri, mawonekedwewo ayenera kukhala ofananira, kuti mapindikidwe a nkhungu yaikulu kuti adziwe lamulo la deformation, chilolezo chosungirako chosungirako, pazifukwa zazikulu, zolondola komanso zovuta zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. mu kuphatikiza kwa zomangamanga.
(3) Kukonzekera kolondola ndi zovuta ziyenera kukhala chithandizo chamankhwala chisanadze kutentha kuti athetse kupsinjika kotsalira komwe kumapangidwa popanga makina.
(4) Kusankha koyenera kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa kutentha, chifukwa cha nkhungu zomveka bwino zimatha kutenga kutentha pang'onopang'ono, kutentha, kutentha ndi njira zina zotentha zotentha kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa nkhungu.
(5) Pansi pa mfundo kuonetsetsa kuuma nkhungu, yesetsani ntchito chisanadze kuzirala, graded yozizira quenching kapena kutentha quenching ndondomeko.
(6) Pakuti zisamere nkhungu mwatsatanetsatane ndi zovuta, pansi pa zikhalidwe chilolezo, yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito vakuyumu Kutentha quenching ndi kwambiri kuzirala mankhwala pambuyo quenching.
(7) Pakuti ena zisamere mwatsatanetsatane ndi zovuta zisamere pachakudya angagwiritsidwe ntchito chisanadze kutentha mankhwala, ukalamba kutentha mankhwala, tempering nitriding kutentha mankhwala kulamulira kulondola nkhungu.
(8) Pokonza mabowo a mchenga wa nkhungu, porosity, kuvala ndi zolakwika zina, kugwiritsa ntchito makina otsekemera ozizira ndi zina zomwe zimatenthetsa zida zokonza kuti tipewe kukonza mapindikidwe.
Komanso, olondola kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko ntchito (monga plugging mabowo, womangidwa mabowo, makina fixation, njira Kutentha oyenera, kusankha kolondola kwa kuzirala malangizo nkhungu ndi malangizo a kayendedwe mu sing'anga yozizira, etc.) ndi wololera. tempering kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko ndi kuchepetsa mapindikidwe mwatsatanetsatane ndi zisamere pachakudya zovuta komanso miyeso ogwira.
Kuzimitsa pamwamba ndi kutentha kutentha kutentha nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi kutentha kwa induction kapena kutentha kwa lawi.Waukulu luso magawo ndi pamwamba kuuma, m`deralo kuuma ndi ogwira kuumitsa wosanjikiza kuya.Kuyesa kuuma kungagwiritsidwe ntchito Vickers hardness tester, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito Rockwell kapena pamwamba Rockwell kuuma tester.Kusankhidwa kwa mphamvu yoyesera (mulingo) kumagwirizana ndi kuya kwa gawo lolimba lolimba komanso kuuma kwa pamwamba kwa workpiece.Mitundu itatu ya oyesa kuuma akukhudzidwa apa.
Choyamba, Vickers hardness tester ndi njira yofunikira yoyesera kuuma kwa zinthu zotenthedwa ndi kutentha, imatha kusankhidwa kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 100kg ya mphamvu yoyesera, kuyesa kusanjikiza kowuma pamwamba kukhala kocheperako ngati 0.05mm wandiweyani, ndipo kulondola kwake ndikokwera kwambiri. , ndipo imatha kusiyanitsa kusiyana kwakung'ono kwa kuuma kwa pamwamba kwa zida zotenthetsera kutentha.Kuphatikiza apo, kuya kwa gawo lolimba lolimba liyeneranso kudziwika ndi Vickers hardness tester, chifukwa chake pakuwongolera kutentha kwapamwamba kapena mayunitsi ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito zida zopangira kutentha, zokhala ndi Vickers kuuma tester ndikofunikira.
Chachiwiri, Rockwell hardness tester ndi yoyeneranso kuyesa kuuma kwa workpiece yolimba, pamwamba pa Rockwell hardness tester ili ndi masikelo atatu oti musankhe.Itha kuyesa kuuma kolimba kopitilira 0.1mm kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yowumitsa workpiece.Ngakhale kuti pamwamba pa Rockwell hardness tester kulondola sikuli kofanana ndi Vickers hardness tester, koma monga momwe zimakhalira zopangira kutentha kwapamwamba komanso njira zowunikira zowunikira, zatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira.Komanso, ilinso ndi opareshoni yosavuta, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, mtengo wotsika, muyeso mofulumira, akhoza kuwerenga mwachindunji kuuma mtengo ndi makhalidwe ena, ntchito pamwamba Rockwell kuuma tester kungakhale mtanda wa pamwamba kutentha mankhwala workpiece kwa mofulumira ndi sanali- kuyesa kowononga chidutswa-ndi-chidutswa.Izi ndizofunikira pakupanga zitsulo komanso makina opanga makina.
Chachitatu, pamene pamwamba kutentha mankhwala anaumitsa wosanjikiza ndi thicker, angagwiritsidwenso ntchito Rockwell kuuma tester.Pamene kutentha mankhwala anaumitsa wosanjikiza makulidwe a 0,4 ~ 0.8mm, angagwiritsidwe ntchito HRA lonse, pamene anaumitsa wosanjikiza makulidwe oposa 0.8mm, angagwiritsidwe ntchito HRC lonse.
Vickers, Rockwell ndi pamwamba Rockwell mitundu itatu ya zinthu zowuma zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta wina ndi mzake, kusinthidwa kukhala muyezo, zojambula kapena wogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira mtengo wouma.Matebulo otembenuzidwa ofanana amaperekedwa mu standard standard ISO, American standard ASTM ndi Chinese standard GB/T.
Kuwumitsa m'malo
Zigawo ngati kuuma kwa m'deralo kumafuna kutenthedwa kwapamwamba, komwe kulipo komanso njira zina zozimitsira kutentha kwaderalo, mbali zotere zimakhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo omwe amazimitsa kutentha ndi kuuma kwapakati pazithunzi.Kuyesa kuuma kwa magawo kuyenera kuchitidwa m'dera lomwe mwasankha.Kuuma zida kuyezetsa angagwiritsidwe ntchito Rockwell kuuma tester, kuyesa HRC kuuma mtengo, monga kutentha mankhwala kuumitsa wosanjikiza ndi osaya, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamwamba Rockwell kuuma tester, kuyesa HRN kuuma mtengo.
Mankhwala kutentha mankhwala
Mankhwala kutentha mankhwala ndi kupanga pamwamba pa workpiece kulowa mkati mwa chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo mankhwala atomu, kuti kusintha zikuchokera mankhwala, bungwe ndi ntchito padziko workpiece.Pambuyo pozimitsa ndi kutentha kwapansi, pamwamba pa workpiece imakhala yolimba kwambiri, kuvala kukana ndi kukhudzana ndi kutopa, pamene pakati pa workpiece imakhala yolimba kwambiri.
Malingana ndi zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, kuzindikira ndi kujambula kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndikofunika kwambiri, ndipo kuwongolera kutentha kwabwino kumakhudza kwambiri mankhwala.Choncho, kudziwika kwa kutentha n'kofunika kwambiri, chikhalidwe cha kutentha mu ndondomeko yonseyi ndi yofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwa kutentha kuyenera kulembedwa pa kusintha kwa kutentha, kungathandize kusanthula deta yamtsogolo, komanso kuona nthawi yomwe kutentha sikukwaniritsa zofunikira.Izi zidzathandiza kwambiri kukonza chithandizo cha kutentha m'tsogolomu.
Njira zogwirira ntchito
1, Yeretsani malo ogwirira ntchito, fufuzani ngati magetsi, zida zoyezera ndi masiwichi osiyanasiyana ndizabwinobwino, komanso ngati gwero lamadzi ndi losalala.
2, Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zida zabwino zotetezera ntchito, apo ayi zidzakhala zoopsa.
3, tsegulani chosinthira champhamvu chosinthira chilengedwe chonse, malinga ndi zofunikira za zida zomwe zidayikidwa pagawo la kutentha ndi kutsika, kuti muwonjezere moyo wa zida ndi zida.
4, kulabadira kutentha kutentha ng'anjo kutentha ndi mauna lamba liwiro lamulo, akhoza kudziwa mfundo kutentha chofunika zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, kuonetsetsa kuuma workpiece ndi pamwamba kuwongoka ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wosanjikiza, ndi mozama ntchito yabwino chitetezo. .
5, Kuti timvetsere kutentha ng'anjo kutentha ndi mauna lamba liwiro, kutsegula mpweya utsi, kuti workpiece pambuyo tempering kukwaniritsa zofunika khalidwe.
6, mu ntchito ayenera kumamatira ku positi.
7, kukonza zida zofunika zozimitsa moto, ndikuzolowera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza njira.
8, Tikayimitsa makinawo, tiyenera kuyang'ana kuti masiwichi onse owongolera ali kunja, ndiyeno kutseka chosinthira chapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kutentha kwambiri
Kuchokera pakamwa akhakula wa wodzigudubuza Chalk kubala mbali zikhoza kuonedwa pambuyo quenching microstructure kutenthedwa.Koma kudziwa yeniyeni mlingo wa kutenthedwa ayenera kusunga microstructure.Ngati mu GCr15 zitsulo kuzimitsa bungwe mu maonekedwe coarse singano martensite, ndi kuzimitsa kutenthedwa bungwe.Chifukwa mapangidwe quenching Kutentha kutentha kungakhale kwambiri kapena Kutentha ndi kugwira nthawi yaitali kwambiri chifukwa cha zonse kutenthedwa;Mwinanso chifukwa choyambirira gulu la gulu carbide kwambiri, mu otsika mpweya m'dera pakati pa magulu awiri kupanga localized martensite singano wandiweyani, chifukwa mu kutenthedwa m'deralo.Otsalira austenite mu gulu lotenthedwa kwambiri limawonjezeka, ndipo kukhazikika kwapakati kumachepa.Chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa bungwe lozimitsira, kristalo wachitsulo ndi wowawa, zomwe zidzachititsa kuchepetsa kulimba kwa zigawozo, kukana kwamphamvu kumachepetsedwa, ndipo moyo wa kubereka umachepetsedwanso.Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa ming'alu yozimitsa.
Kutentha pang'ono
Kuzimitsa kutentha ndi otsika kapena osauka kuzirala adzabala kuposa muyezo Torrhenite bungwe mu microstructure, lotchedwa underheating bungwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuuma dontho, kuvala kukana ndi lakuthwa yafupika, zimakhudza moyo wa odzigudubuza mbali kubala.
Kuzimitsa ming'alu
Wodzigudubuza kubala mbali mu quenching ndi kuzirala chifukwa cha nkhawa mkati anapanga ming'alu yotchedwa quenching ming'alu.Zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu yotere ndi: chifukwa cha kuzimitsa kutentha kwa kutentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira kumathamanga kwambiri, kupsinjika kwa matenthedwe ndi kusintha kwazitsulo zachitsulo m'gulu la kupsyinjika kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kuphwanya mphamvu yachitsulo;ntchito pamwamba pa zolakwika zoyambirira (monga ming'alu ya pamwamba kapena zokopa) kapena zolakwika zamkati muzitsulo (monga slag, inclusions yaikulu yopanda zitsulo, mawanga oyera, zotsalira za shrinkage, etc.) mu kuzimitsa mapangidwe a maganizo;decarburization kwambiri padziko ndi Carbide tsankho;ziwalo zozimitsidwa pambuyo pa kutentha kosakwanira kapena kutenthedwa msanga;Kupanikizika kwa nkhonya kuzizira komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi njira yapitayi ndi yayikulu kwambiri, kupindika, mabala opindika kwambiri, mitsinje yakuthwa yamafuta ndi zina zotero.Mwachidule, chifukwa quenching ming'alu kungakhale chimodzi kapena zingapo pamwamba zinthu, kukhalapo kwa nkhawa mkati ndi chifukwa chachikulu mapangidwe quenching ming'alu.Kuzimitsa ming'alu ndi yakuya komanso yowonda, yosweka molunjika ndipo palibe mtundu wa okosijeni pamtunda wosweka.Nthawi zambiri amakhala mng'alu wautali wautali kapena woboola pakati pa kolala yonyamula;mawonekedwe pa mpira wachitsulo wonyamula ndi S-woboola pakati, T-woboola pakati kapena mphete.Makhalidwe a bungwe la kuzimitsa ming'alu sizochitika za decarburization mbali zonse za mng'alu, zomwe zimasiyanitsa bwino ndi ming'alu yopangira ndi ming'alu yakuthupi.
Kutentha mankhwala mapindikidwe
NACHI yokhala ndi mbali mu chithandizo cha kutentha, pali kupsinjika kwamafuta ndi kupsinjika kwa bungwe, kupsinjika kwamkati uku kumatha kupitilira wina ndi mzake kapena kuchepetsedwa pang'ono, kumakhala kovuta komanso kosinthika, chifukwa kumatha kusinthidwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa kutentha, kuzizira, kuzizira. mlingo, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zigawo, kotero kutentha kutentha mapindikidwe ndi zosapeweka.Kuzindikira ndi kudziwa ulamuliro wa malamulo angapangitse mapindikidwe a kubala mbali (monga chowulungika wa kolala, kukula mmwamba, etc.) anaika mu osiyanasiyana controllable, yabwino kupanga.Kumene, mu kutentha mankhwala ndondomeko kugunda makina adzapanganso mbali mapindikidwe, koma mapindikidwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha ntchito kuchepetsa ndi kupewa.
Decarburization pamwamba
Wodzigudubuza Chalk okhala ndi mbali mu ndondomeko kutentha mankhwala, ngati mkangano mu sing'anga oxidizing, pamwamba adzakhala oxidized kuti mbali pamwamba mpweya misa kachigawo yafupika, chifukwa padziko decarburization.Kuzama kwa pamwamba decarburization wosanjikiza kuposa processing komaliza kuchuluka kwa posungira adzapanga mbali scraped.Kutsimikiza kwa kuya kwa pamwamba decarburization wosanjikiza mu kuwunika metallographic wa njira kupezeka metallographic ndi microhardness njira.Mphepete mwa kugawa kwa microhardness ya pamwamba pake imachokera pa njira yoyezera, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati muyeso wotsutsana.
Malo ofewa
Chifukwa cha kutentha kosakwanira, kuzizira kosakwanira, kuzimitsa ntchito chifukwa cha kuuma kosayenera kwa zigawo zodzigudubuza sizokwanira zomwe zimadziwika kuti kuzimitsa malo ofewa.Zili ngati decarburization yapamtunda ingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukana kuvala pamwamba komanso mphamvu ya kutopa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-05-2023