Chidule cha Zida za Alloy
Tanthauzo la Aloyi
Aloyi ndi chisakanizo cha homogeneous chopangidwa ndi zitsulo ziwiri kapena zingapo, kapena kuphatikiza zitsulo ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo, zokhala ndi zitsulo. Lingaliro lakumbuyo kwa mapangidwe a alloy ndikuphatikiza zinthu kuti zitheke kukhathamiritsa makina, thupi, ndi mankhwala kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Gulu la Zida za Alloy
Zida za alloy zitha kugawidwa kutengera zomwe zili zazikulu ndi katundu motere:
● Mafuta a Ferrous Alloys:Awa ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi chitsulo okhala ndi zinthu zowonjezera monga kaboni, manganese, ndi silicon, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale opangira zitsulo ndi zoponya.
● Aluminiyamu Aloyi:Awa ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu okhala ndi zinthu monga mkuwa, magnesium, ndi zinki, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizopepuka, zamphamvu, zokhala ndi ma conductivity abwino kwambiri komanso matenthedwe.
● Zida Zamkuwa:Awa ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi mkuwa okhala ndi zinthu zowonjezera monga zinki, malata, ndi lead, omwe amapereka ma conductivity abwino, kukana dzimbiri, komanso magwiridwe antchito.
● Magnesium Aloyi:Magnesium-based alloys, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi aluminiyamu, zinki, ndi manganese, ndizitsulo zopepuka kwambiri zokhala ndi kugwedezeka bwino komanso kutaya kutentha.
● Zitsulo za Nickel:Ma aloyi opangidwa ndi nickel amakhala ndi zinthu monga chromium, chitsulo, ndi cobalt, ndipo amawonetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.
● Titaniyamu Aloyi:Amadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kwapadera, ma aloyi opangidwa ndi titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zakuthambo.
Mafuta a Ferrous Alloys
Kapangidwe ndi Katundu Wa Ferrous Alloys
Ma aloyi achitsulo amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zophatikizira zomwe zimawonjezera makina awo. Zomwe zimafala ndi izi:
●Khaboni:Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zopangira ma alloying, kusiyanasiyana kwa carbon mu ferrous alloys kumakhudza kuuma ndi kulimba. Ma alloys apamwamba a carbon amapereka kuuma kwambiri koma kulimba kochepa.
● Silikoni:Silicon imapangitsa kulimba ndi kulimba kwa ma aloyi achitsulo ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zachitsulo-zachitsulo popanga zitsulo monga deoxidizer ndi alloying agent.
●Manganese:Manganese ndiwofunikira pakuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa ma aloyi achitsulo, ndipo ma aloyi a ferromanganese ndi ofunikira pakuwongolera kulimba kwachitsulo komanso kukana dzimbiri.
●Chromium:Ma aloyi a chromium-iron amapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso mphamvu zotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zapadera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Ferrous Alloys
Mafuta achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:
● Makampani Opanga Zitsulo:Mafuta achitsulo ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera pakupanga zitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha zitsulo zachitsulo ndikuwongolera katundu wake.
● Makampani Oyimba:Poponyera njira, ma aloyi achitsulo amawonjezera mphamvu zamakina komanso kulimba kwa zinthu zachitsulo.
● Zida Zowotcherera:Ma alloys achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndodo zowotcherera ndi flux kuti zitsimikizire zolumikizira zapamwamba kwambiri.
●Mafakitale a Chemical and Fertilizer:Mafuta achitsulo amagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira komanso chochepetsera popanga mankhwala ndi feteleza.
●Kumanga zitsulo:Mafuta achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida monga zida zodulira ndi nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zogwira mtima.
Aluminiyamu Aloyi
Makhalidwe Ofunikira a Aluminium Alloys
Ma aluminiyamu aloyi amadziwika chifukwa chopepuka, mphamvu zake zazikulu, komanso zosavuta kuzikonza, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira m'mafakitale amakono. Makhalidwe akuluakulu ndi awa:
●Wopepuka:Ma aluminiyamu aloyi amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono pafupifupi 2.7 g/cm³, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuchepetsa kulemera.
●Kulimba Kwambiri:Kupyolera mu alloying ndi kutentha mankhwala, zotayidwa aloyi akhoza kukwaniritsa mkulu kumakoka mphamvu, ndi aloyi ena kuposa 500 MPa.
●Kuchita Kwabwino Kwambiri:Aluminiyamu yoyera ndi kondakitala wabwino kwambiri wamagetsi ndi kutentha, ndipo zotayidwa za aluminiyamu zimasunga gawo lalikulu la zinthuzi.
●Kulimbana ndi Ziphuphu:Zosanjikiza zachilengedwe za oxide pamwamba pazitsulo za aluminiyamu, zomwe zimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri, ndipo chithandizo chapadera chimatha kupititsa patsogolo malowa.
● Kusavuta Kukonza:Ma aluminiyamu aloyi amawonetsa pulasitiki wabwino, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kuponyera, kutulutsa, ndi kupanga njira.
Makalasi ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Aluminiyamu Aloyi
Ma aluminiyamu aloyi amagawidwa kutengera zinthu zawo zazikulu zophatikizira ndi katundu. Magiredi ena odziwika bwino ndi awa:
●1xxx Mndandanda:Aluminiyamu yoyera, yokhala ndi aluminiyamu yopitilira 99.00%, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani amagetsi ndi zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku.
●2xxx Series:Copper ndiye chinthu choyambirira chopangira ma alloying, chomwe chimalimbitsa mphamvu kwambiri pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zakuthambo.
●3xxx Mndandanda:Manganese ndiye chinthu chachikulu cholumikizira, chomwe chimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi zomangamanga.
●4xxx Mndandanda:Silicon ndiye chinthu chachikulu cholumikizira, chomwe chimapereka kukana kutentha ndi zinthu zabwino zowotcherera, zoyenera kuwotcherera zida ndi zida zosagwira kutentha.
●5xxx Series:Magnesium ndiye chinthu choyambirira chopangira ma alloying, chomwe chimapereka zida zabwino kwambiri zamakina komanso kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale apanyanja, magalimoto, ndi ndege.
●6xxx Series:Magnesium ndi silicon ndiye zinthu zazikulu zopangira ma alloying, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zabwino komanso zogwira ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapangidwe.
●7xxx Mndandanda:Zinc ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira alloying, ndipo ma aloyiwa amapereka mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapangidwe a ndege komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
●8xxx Series:Muli ndi zinthu zina monga chitsulo ndi faifi tambala, zopatsa mphamvu zabwino komanso madulidwe, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani amagetsi.
Ma aluminiyamu aloyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:
● Zamlengalenga:Ma aluminiyamu opepuka komanso amphamvu kwambiri ndi ofunikira pamapangidwe a ndege ndi zida.
●Mayendedwe:Ma aluminiyamu aloyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zopepuka zamagalimoto ndi njanji, kuwongolera mafuta.
● Makampani Amagetsi:Aluminiyamu ndi chinthu chomwe chimakondedwa pazingwe ndi ma transformer
●Zomanga:Ma aluminiyamu aloyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, mafelemu awindo, zitseko, ndi denga chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo, kukana dzimbiri, komanso mawonekedwe okongola.
●Kupaka:Ma aluminiyamu aloyi, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a zojambulazo ndi zitini, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani olongedza chifukwa ndi opepuka, alibe poizoni, komanso amatha kubwezeredwanso.
Zida za Copper
Mapangidwe ndi Makhalidwe a Copper Alloys
Ma alloys amkuwa amadziwika chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri zamagetsi ndi matenthedwe, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kupanga mosavuta. Ma aloyi amkuwa wamba akuphatikizapo:
●Brass (Copper-Zinc Alloy):Wodziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, ductility, ndi kukana dzimbiri, mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina, mapaipi, ndi zida zoimbira.
●Mkuwa (Copper-Tin Alloy):Alloy iyi imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri, kuuma, komanso kukana kuvala, komwe nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma bearings, bushings, ndi ntchito zam'madzi.
●Ma Aloyi a Copper-Nickel:Ma alloys awa amapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri m'malo am'madzi, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino popanga zombo, nsanja zakunyanja, ndi zomera zochotsa mchere.
● Beryllium Copper:Ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuuma, ndi kukana dzimbiri, mkuwa wa beryllium nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zolondola, zolumikizira zamagetsi, ndi akasupe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Copper Alloys
Ma alloys amkuwa amagwira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso mawonekedwe apadera:
● Makampani Amagetsi:Ma alloys amkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazolumikizira zamagetsi, ma waya, ndi zigawo zina chifukwa chamayendedwe awo abwino kwambiri.
● Kusamalira Mapaipi ndi Madzi:Brass ndi bronze amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma valve, zolumikizira, ndi mapaipi ena chifukwa chosachita dzimbiri.
●Marine Industry:Ma aloyi a Copper-nickel amakondedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito panyanja chifukwa chokana kuwononga madzi a m'nyanja.
● Precision Engineering:Mkuwa wa Beryllium umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida, zida zosayambitsa moto, komanso zida zolondola chifukwa champhamvu komanso kulimba kwake.
Magnesium Aloyi
Makhalidwe a Magnesium Alloys
Magnesium alloys ndi zitsulo zopepuka kwambiri, zokhala ndi chiŵerengero champhamvu kwambiri cha kulemera kwa thupi, mayamwidwe odabwitsa, komanso machinability. Zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:
●Wopepuka:Magnesium alloys ndi 35% opepuka kuposa aluminiyamu ndi 78% opepuka kuposa chitsulo, kuwapanga kukhala abwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe samva kulemera.
● Kuchita Bwino:Magnesium alloys ali ndi makina abwino kwambiri, omwe amalola kuti magawo ovuta komanso olondola apangidwe bwino.
● Shock Absorption:Ma alloys awa ali ndi mphamvu zoyamwitsa zowopsa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala othandiza pamagalimoto ndi ndege.
● Kuwotcha:Magnesium alloys amapereka kutentha kwachangu, kofunikira pamagetsi ndi zigawo zotentha kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Magnesium Alloys
Chifukwa cha kupepuka kwawo komanso mphamvu, ma aloyi a magnesium amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana:
● Makampani Agalimoto:Magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo za injini, nyumba zotumizira, ndi mawilo kuti achepetse kulemera kwagalimoto ndikuwongolera mafuta.
● Azamlengalenga:Magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo za ndege ndi zida zamlengalenga komwe kuchepetsa kulemera ndikofunikira.
● Zamagetsi:Magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma laputopu opepuka, makamera, ndi mafoni am'manja chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo komanso kutentha kwawo.
●Zida Zachipatala:Magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma implants a bioresorbable ndi zida za mafupa chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwawo.
Nickel Aloyi
Makhalidwe a Nickel Alloys
Ma aloyi a Nickel amadziwika chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kwa dzimbiri, kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri, komanso mphamvu zamakina. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chromium, chitsulo, ndi zinthu zina kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:
●Kulimbana ndi Ziphuphu:Ma aloyi a nickel amalimbana kwambiri ndi okosijeni ndi dzimbiri m'malo ovuta, kuphatikiza madzi a m'nyanja ndi acidic.
●Kutentha Kwambiri:Ma aloyi a nickel amasunga mphamvu zawo pakatentha kwambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga komanso kupanga magetsi.
● Wear Resistance:Nickel alloys amapereka kukana kwabwino kwa kuvala, komwe kuli kofunikira pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulimba kwanthawi yayitali.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nickel Alloys
Ma aloyi a nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofunafuna ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana:
● Azamlengalenga:Ma superalloy opangidwa ndi Nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za jet, turbine blade, ndi zigawo zina zotentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kutentha.
●Kukonza Chemical:Nickel alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu reactors, heat exchanger, ndi mapaipi pomwe kukana dzimbiri ndi kutentha kwambiri ndikofunikira.
●Kupanga Mphamvu:Nickel alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyukiliya ndi ma turbines a gasi chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri.
●Marine Industry:Ma aloyi a nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo am'madzi ngati mapampu, ma valve, ndi zida zochotsera madzi am'nyanja.
Titaniyamu Aloyi
Makhalidwe a Titanium Alloys
Ma aloyi a Titaniyamu ndi opepuka koma olimba, omwe amalimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri. Zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:
●Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu ndi Kulemera Kwambiri:Titaniyamu aloyi ndi amphamvu ngati chitsulo koma pafupifupi 45% yopepuka, kuwapanga kukhala abwino kwazamlengalenga ndi ntchito zapamwamba.
●Kulimbana ndi Ziphuphu:Titaniyamu alloys amapereka kukana kwamphamvu ku dzimbiri, makamaka m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi m'malo amankhwala.
●Biocompatibility:Titaniyamu aloyi ndi biocompatible, kuwapanga kukhala oyenera implants zachipatala ndi zipangizo.
●Kukhazikika kwa Kutentha Kwambiri:Titaniyamu alloys akhoza kupirira kutentha kwambiri, kusunga mphamvu ndi kukhulupirika kwawo muzamlengalenga ndi mafakitale ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Titanium Alloys
Mafuta a Titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale omwe mphamvu zambiri, zopepuka, komanso kukana dzimbiri ndizofunikira kwambiri:
● Azamlengalenga:Ma aloyi a Titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafelemu a ndege, zida za injini, ndi magiya otera chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zazikulu komanso kupulumutsa kulemera.
●Zida Zachipatala:Titaniyamu aloyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu implants mafupa, implants mano, ndi zida opaleshoni chifukwa biocompatibility ndi durability.
●Marine Industry:Ma aloyi a Titanium amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zapansi pa nyanja, kupanga zombo zapamadzi, ndi kubowola kunyanja chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri.
●Industrial Applications:Ma aloyi a Titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira mankhwala, kupanga magetsi, ndi ntchito zamagalimoto pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Mapeto
Zipangizo za alloy zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale amakono, kupereka mayankho ogwirizana ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwamphamvu, kulemera, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kulimba. Kuchokera kumlengalenga kupita ku magalimoto, zomangamanga kupita ku zida zamankhwala, kusinthasintha kwa zida za alloy kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kosawerengeka. Kaya ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya ma aloyi achitsulo, zinthu zopepuka zazitsulo za aluminiyamu, kapena kulimba kwa nickel ndi titaniyamu, ma aloyi amapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana za dziko lamakono laukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-17-2024