Chidule cha Zipangizo za Alloy
Tanthauzo la Alloy
Alloy ndi chisakanizo chofanana chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zitsulo ziwiri kapena zingapo, kapena kuphatikiza kwa zitsulo ndi zinthu zosakhala zachitsulo, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe achitsulo. Lingaliro la kapangidwe ka alloy ndikuphatikiza zinthu mwanjira yoti zikwaniritse zofunikira zamakina, zakuthupi, ndi zamankhwala kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Kugawa Zida za Alloy
Zipangizo za alloy zitha kugawidwa m'magulu kutengera zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga ndi zomwe zimapanga motere:
●Ma aluminiyamu achitsulo:Izi ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo zokhala ndi zinthu zina monga kaboni, manganese, ndi silicon, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opanga zitsulo ndi zoponyera.
●Ma aluminiyamu:Izi ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu zokhala ndi zinthu monga mkuwa, magnesium, ndi zinc, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi zopepuka, zolimba, komanso zokhala ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera magetsi komanso kutentha.
●Ma aluminiyamu a mkuwa:Izi ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi mkuwa zokhala ndi zinthu zina monga zinc, tin, ndi lead, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu yabwino yoyendetsera zinthu, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kugwira ntchito mosavuta.
●Magnesium Alloys:Ma alloy okhala ndi magnesium, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi aluminiyamu, zinki, ndi manganese, ndi zitsulo zopepuka kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kugwedezeka komanso kutentha.
●Ma aloyi a nikeli:Ma alloy okhala ndi nickel ali ndi zinthu monga chromium, iron, ndi cobalt, ndipo amalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri komanso amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kutentha.
● Titaniyamu Yopangidwa ndi Aloyi:Amadziwika kuti ndi amphamvu kwambiri, ofooka, komanso osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, ma alloy okhala ndi titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ntchito zapamlengalenga.
Ma aluminiyamu a Ferrous
Kapangidwe ndi Katundu wa Ferrous Alloys
Ma aluminiyamu achitsulo amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu zawo zamakaniko. Zinthu zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
●Kaboni:Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zophatikiza, kuchuluka kwa kaboni m'ma aluminiyamu achitsulo kumakhudza kuuma ndi kulimba. Ma aluminiyamu okhala ndi kaboni wambiri amapereka kuuma kwambiri koma kuuma kochepa.
●Silikoni:Silikoni imawonjezera mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zitsulo zachitsulo ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zitsulo zachitsulo za silicon-iron popanga zitsulo ngati deoxidizer ndi alloying agent.
●Manganese:Manganese ndi yofunika kwambiri pakuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa zitsulo zachitsulo, ndipo zitsulo zachitsulo zachitsulo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukweza kukana kwa chitsulo ndi kukana dzimbiri.
●Chromium:Ma alloy a chromium-iron amapereka kukana dzimbiri bwino komanso mphamvu yotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zapadera.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ferrous Alloys
Ma alloys a ferrous amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:
● Makampani Opanga Zitsulo:Ma aluminiyamu achitsulo ndi zowonjezera zofunika kwambiri popanga chitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kapangidwe ka chitsulo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zake.
● Makampani Opanga Zinthu Zopangira Zinthu:Mu njira zoponyera, zitsulo zachitsulo zimawonjezera mphamvu zamakina komanso kulimba kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo choponyedwa.
● Zipangizo Zowotcherera:Ma aluminiyamu achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndodo zolumikizira ndi kusinthasintha kuti zitsimikizire kuti zolumikizira zolumikizira zapamwamba zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.
●Makampani Opanga Mankhwala ndi Feteleza:Ma aluminiyamu a ferrous amagwira ntchito ngati othandizira komanso othandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala ndi feteleza.
●Kupanga zitsulo:Ma aluminiyamu achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida monga zida zodulira ndi nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zogwira ntchito bwino.
Ma aluminiyamu alloys
Makhalidwe Ofunika a Aluminiyamu Alloys
Ma aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu amadziwika kuti ndi opepuka, amphamvu kwambiri, komanso osavuta kuwagwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale amakono. Makhalidwe akuluakulu ndi awa:
●Wopepuka:Ma aluminiyamu okhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa ka pafupifupi 2.7 g/cm³, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuchepetsa thupi.
● Mphamvu Yaikulu:Kudzera mu alloy ndi kutentha, aluminiyamu imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yokoka kwambiri, ndipo alloy ena amatha kupitirira 500 MPa.
●Kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri:Aluminiyamu yoyera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera magetsi ndi kutentha, ndipo aluminiyamu yokhala ndi zinthu zotayidwa imasunga gawo lalikulu la zinthuzi.
●Kukana Kudzikundikira:Pamwamba pa aluminiyamu pali oxide yachilengedwe, yomwe imapereka kukana dzimbiri bwino, ndipo mankhwala apadera amatha kupititsa patsogolo izi.
●Kusavuta Kukonza:Ma aluminiyamu okhala ndi aluminiyamu amakhala ndi pulasitiki wabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kupangidwa, kuchotsedwa, ndi kupangidwa.
Magiredi ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito kwa Aluminiyamu Alloys
Ma aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu amagawidwa m'magulu kutengera zinthu zake zazikulu zopangira alloying ndi makhalidwe ake. Magulu ena ofanana ndi awa:
●1xxx Mndandanda:Aluminiyamu yeniyeni, yokhala ndi aluminiyamu yoposa 99.00%, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani amagetsi ndi zinthu zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
●2xxx Mndandanda:Mkuwa ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira aloyi, chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu pambuyo pa kutentha, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ntchito zamlengalenga.
●3xxx Mndandanda:Manganese ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira alloy, chomwe chimapereka kukana dzimbiri bwino, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ndi kupanga zinthu.
●4xxx Mndandanda:Silicon ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira alloy, chomwe chimapereka kukana kutentha komanso mphamvu zabwino zowotcherera, choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zowotcherera ndi zinthu zina zosagwirizana ndi kutentha.
●5xxx Mndandanda:Magnesium ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira zitsulo, chomwe chimapereka mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakaniko komanso kukana dzimbiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a m'madzi, magalimoto, komanso ndege.
●6xxx Mndandanda:Magnesium ndi silicon ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga alloy, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zosavuta kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zomangira.
●7xxx Mndandanda:Zinc ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira zitsulo, ndipo zitsulozi zimapereka mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ndege komanso popanga zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri.
●8xxx Mndandanda:Muli zinthu zina monga chitsulo ndi nikeli, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu komanso mphamvu yoyendetsera bwino magetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mumakampani amagetsi.
Ma aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:
●Ndege:Ma aluminiyamu opepuka komanso amphamvu kwambiri ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa zomangamanga ndi zida za ndege.
●Mayendedwe:Ma aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zopepuka zamagalimoto ndi sitima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
● Makampani Opanga Magetsi:Aluminiyamu ndi chinthu chomwe chimakonda kwambiri pa zingwe ndi ma transformer
●Kapangidwe ka nyumba:Ma aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangamanga, mafelemu a mawindo, zitseko, ndi denga chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo, kukana dzimbiri, komanso mawonekedwe okongola.
●Kupaka:Ma aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, makamaka ngati mapepala ndi zitini, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opangira zinthu chifukwa ndi opepuka, opanda poizoni, komanso ogwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri.
Ma Aloyi a Mkuwa
Kapangidwe ndi Katundu wa Copper Alloys
Ma aluminiyamu a mkuwa amadziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamagetsi ndi kutentha, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kupangika mosavuta. Ma aluminiyamu odziwika bwino a mkuwa ndi awa:
●Mkuwa (Mkuwa-Zinc Aloy):Chodziwika chifukwa cha mphamvu zake, kusinthasintha kwake, komanso kukana dzimbiri, mkuwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina, mapaipi, ndi zida zoimbira.
●Mkuwa (Aloyi wa Mkuwa):Chitsulochi chimapereka kukana dzimbiri, kuuma, ndi kukana kukalamba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma bearing, bushings, ndi ntchito za m'madzi.
●Ma aluminiyamu a mkuwa ndi nikeli:Ma alloy amenewa amapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pa dzimbiri m'malo a m'nyanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pomanga zombo, malo osungiramo zinthu za m'nyanja, komanso mafakitale ochotsa mchere m'madzi.
●Beriliyumu Mkuwa:Ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuuma, komanso kukana dzimbiri, mkuwa wa beryllium nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zolondola, zolumikizira zamagetsi, ndi masipuri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Copper Alloys
Ma alloy a mkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso mawonekedwe awo apadera:
● Makampani Opanga Magetsi:Ma aluminiyamu a mkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zolumikizira zamagetsi, mawaya, ndi zigawo zina chifukwa cha mphamvu yawo yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera magetsi.
●Kukonza Mapaipi ndi Kusamalira Madzi:Mkuwa ndi bronze zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ma valve, zolumikizira, ndi ntchito zina za mapaipi chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri.
● Makampani Ogulitsa Zam'madzi:Ma aluminiyamu a mkuwa ndi nickel ndi otchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kukana kwawo ku dzimbiri la m'nyanja.
●Uinjiniya Wolondola:Mkuwa wa Beryllium umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida, zida zosayatsa moto, ndi zida zolondola chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso kulimba kwake.
Magnesium Alloys
Makhalidwe a Magnesium Alloys
Magnesium alloys ndi zitsulo zopepuka kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi kulemera, zimayamwa bwino kwambiri, komanso zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi izi:
●Wopepuka:Ma alloy a magnesium ndi opepuka ndi 35% kuposa aluminiyamu ndipo 78% ndi opepuka kuposa chitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri.
●Kugwira Ntchito Mwabwino:Ma alloy a magnesium ali ndi luso lotha kupanga zinthu modabwitsa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zovuta komanso zolondola zipangidwe bwino.
●Kuyamwa Modzidzimutsa:Ma alloy amenewa ali ndi mphamvu zabwino zoyamwitsa zinthu zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala othandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zamagalimoto ndi zamlengalenga.
●Kutaya Kutentha:Ma alloy a magnesium amapereka mphamvu yotulutsa kutentha, yofunika kwambiri pa zamagetsi ndi zida zotenthetsera kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magnesium Alloys
Chifukwa cha kupepuka kwawo komanso mphamvu zawo, ma magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana:
● Makampani Ogulitsa Magalimoto:Magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zigawo za injini, ma gearbox housings, ndi mawilo kuti achepetse kulemera kwa galimoto ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta moyenera.
● Makampani Oyendetsa Ndege:Magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo za ndege ndi m'zigawo za ndege komwe kuchepetsa kulemera ndikofunikira kwambiri.
●Zamagetsi:Ma alloy a magnesium amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma laputopu opepuka, makamera, ndi mafoni am'manja chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo komanso mphamvu zawo zotulutsa kutentha.
● Zipangizo Zachipatala:Magnesium alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma implants osinthika komanso zida zamafupa chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwawo ndi thupi.
Ma aloyi a nikeli
Katundu wa Nickel Alloys
Ma alloy a nickel amadziwika chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri, kukhazikika kutentha kwambiri, komanso mphamvu ya makina. Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi chromium, chitsulo, ndi zinthu zina kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Makhalidwe ofunikira ndi awa:
●Kukana Kudzikundikira:Ma alloy a nickel ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi okosijeni ndi dzimbiri m'malo ovuta, kuphatikizapo madzi a m'nyanja ndi malo okhala ndi asidi.
● Mphamvu Yotentha Kwambiri:Ma alloy a nickel amasunga mphamvu zawo kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege ndi kupanga magetsi.
●Kukana Kuvala:Ma alloy a nickel amapereka mphamvu yolimba yotha kutha, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumafuna kulimba kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nickel Alloys
Ma alloy a nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana:
● Makampani Oyendetsa Ndege:Ma superalloy ochokera ku nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini za jet, masamba a turbine, ndi zigawo zina zotentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kutentha.
●Kukonza Mankhwala:Ma alloy a nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma reactor, ma heat exchanger, ndi mapaipi komwe kukana dzimbiri ndi kutentha kwambiri ndikofunikira.
●Kupanga Mphamvu:Ma alloy a nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma reactor a nyukiliya ndi ma turbine a gasi chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zotentha kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri.
● Makampani Ogulitsa Zam'madzi:Ma alloy a nickel amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo am'madzi monga mapampu, ma valve, ndi zida zochotsera mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja.
Ma Aloyi a Titaniyamu
Makhalidwe a Titanium Alloys
Ma aloyi a titaniyamu ndi opepuka koma olimba, opirira dzimbiri komanso okhazikika kutentha kwambiri. Makhalidwe ofunikira ndi awa:
●Chiŵerengero Champhamvu Kwambiri Pakati pa Kulemera:Ma aloyi a titaniyamu ndi olimba ngati chitsulo koma pafupifupi 45% ndi opepuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwambiri poyendetsa ndege komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri.
●Kukana Kudzikundikira:Ma alloy a titaniyamu amateteza kwambiri dzimbiri, makamaka m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi m'malo okhala ndi mankhwala.
●Kugwirizana kwa zinthu zamoyo:Ma alloy a titaniyamu ndi ogwirizana ndi thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma implants ndi zipangizo zachipatala.
●Kukhazikika kwa Kutentha Kwambiri:Ma alloy a titaniyamu amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, kusunga mphamvu zawo ndi umphumphu wawo mu ntchito zapamlengalenga ndi zamafakitale.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Titanium Alloys
Ma alloy a titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale komwe mphamvu zake zimakhala zolimba, zopepuka, komanso kukana dzimbiri ndikofunikira kwambiri:
● Makampani Oyendetsa Ndege:Ma alloy a titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafelemu a ndege, zigawo za injini, ndi zida zolandirira ndege chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zambiri komanso kusunga kulemera.
● Zipangizo Zachipatala:Ma alloy a titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma implants a mafupa, ma implants a mano, ndi zida zochitira opaleshoni chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwawo ndi kulimba kwawo.
● Makampani Ogulitsa Zam'madzi:Ma alloy a titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo za pansi pa nyanja, kupanga zombo, ndi kuboola m'mphepete mwa nyanja chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri.
●Mapulogalamu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mafakitale:Ma alloy a titaniyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira mankhwala, kupanga magetsi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto pazinthu zomwe zimafuna mphamvu ndi kukana dzimbiri.
Mapeto
Zipangizo za aloyi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale amakono, zomwe zimapereka mayankho opangidwa mwaluso okhala ndi mphamvu zapadera, kulemera, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kulimba. Kuyambira ndege mpaka magalimoto, zomangamanga mpaka zida zamankhwala, kusinthasintha kwa zinthu za aloyi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zambiri. Kaya ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya aloyi achitsulo, kupepuka kwa aloyi a aluminiyamu, kapena kukana dzimbiri kwa aloyi a nickel ndi titanium, aloyi amapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana za dziko lamakono laukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-17-2024