Mapaipi a mankhwala ndi ma valve ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndipo ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zamankhwala. Kodi ma valve 5 odziwika bwino mu mapaipi a mankhwala amagwira ntchito bwanji? Cholinga chachikulu? Kodi ma valve a mankhwala ndi ma valve olumikizira ndi chiyani? (mitundu 11 ya mapaipi + mitundu 4 ya ma valve + ma valve 11) mapaipi a mankhwala zinthu izi, kumvetsetsa kwathunthu!
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Ma valve akuluakulu 11
Chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera kuyenda kwa madzi mupaipi chimatchedwa valavu. Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:
Tsegulani ndi kutseka gawolo - dulani kapena lankhulani ndi madzi omwe akuyenda mu payipi;
Kusintha - kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa mu payipi, kayendedwe ka madzi;
Kuthira madzi m'thupi - madzi amatuluka kudzera mu valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kuchepe kwambiri.
Gulu:
Malinga ndi udindo wa valavu mu payipi ndi wosiyana, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: valavu yodulidwa (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu ya dziko lonse), valavu yothamanga, valavu yowunikira, mavavu oteteza ndi zina zotero;
Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kapangidwe ka mavavu, mavavu amatha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri: mavavu a chipata, pulagi (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Cocker), mavavu a mpira, mavavu a gulugufe, mavavu a diaphragm, mavavu okhala ndi mzere ndi zina zotero.
Komanso, malinga ndi kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za valavu, imagawidwa m'magawo awiri: mavavu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mavavu achitsulo chosungunuka, mavavu achitsulo chosungunuka, mavavu apulasitiki, mavavu a ceramic ndi zina zotero.
Kusankha ma valve osiyanasiyana kungapezeke m'mabuku ndi zitsanzo zoyenera, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma valve ndi yomwe yaperekedwa pano.
①Valavu ya Dziko Lonse
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosavuta, kosavuta kupanga ndi kusamalira, komwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi otsika komanso apakati. Kaikidwa mu tsinde la valavu pansi pa diski yozungulira ya valavu (mutu wa valavu) ndi gawo la flange la thupi la valavu (mpando wa valavu) kuti akwaniritse cholinga choletsa kuyenda kwa madzi.
Tsinde la valavu likhoza kusinthidwa ndi ulusi womwe umakweza digiri yotsegulira valavu, ndipo limagwira ntchito inayake mu kayendetsedwe kake. Chifukwa cha kudulidwa kwa valavu, chisindikizo cholumikizira mutu wa valavu ndi mpando sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu payipi yokhala ndi tinthu tamadzimadzi tolimba.
Vavu ya Globe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito malinga ndi mawonekedwe a cholumikizira kuti musankhe mutu woyenera wa valavu, mpando, ndi chipolopolo. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito valavu chifukwa cha kutseka kolakwika kapena mutu, mpando ndi mbali zina za valavu zawonongeka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni wopepuka, kupera, pamwamba ndi njira zina zokonzera ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kuti muwonjezere moyo wa valavu.
②Vavu ya Chipata
Ndi yolunjika ku mbali ya payipi imodzi kapena ziwiri zathyathyathya, ndipo pamwamba pa valavu yotsekerapo kuti ikwaniritse cholinga chotseka. Valvu yotsekerayo imakwezedwa kuti itsegule valavu.
Mbale yathyathyathya yokhala ndi kuzungulira kwa tsinde la valavu ndi chokweza, yokhala ndi kukula kwa malo otseguka kuti iyendetse kayendedwe ka madzi. Kukana kwa valavu kumeneku ndi kochepa, magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera, kusinthasintha kumapulumutsa ndalama, makamaka koyenera mapaipi akuluakulu, koma kapangidwe ka valavu ya chipata ndi kovuta kwambiri, mitundu yambiri.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka tsinde, pali tsinde lotseguka ndi tsinde lakuda; malinga ndi kapangidwe ka valavu, mbaleyo imagawidwa m'magulu awiri, mtundu wofanana ndi zina zotero.
Kawirikawiri, mbale ya valavu ya mtundu wa wedge ndi mbale imodzi ya valavu, ndipo mtundu wofanana umagwiritsa ntchito mbale ziwiri za valavu. Mtundu wofanana ndi wosavuta kupanga kuposa mtundu wa wedge, kukonza bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito sikophweka kusintha, koma sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula zinyalala mu payipi yamadzimadzi, makamaka ponyamula madzi, mpweya woyera, mafuta ndi mapaipi ena.
③Ma valve olumikizira
Pulagi imadziwika kuti Cocker, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito thupi la valavu kulowetsa dzenje lapakati ndi pulagi yozungulira kuti mutsegule ndikutseka payipi.
Pulagi malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsekera, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: pulagi yopakira, pulagi yotsekedwa ndi mafuta komanso yopanda pulagi yopakira, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe ka pulagi ndi kosavuta, miyeso yaying'ono yakunja, yotseguka ndi kutsekedwa mwachangu, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, yolimba pang'ono yamadzimadzi, yosavuta kupanga yogawa mbali zitatu kapena zinayi kapena valavu yosinthira.
Malo otsekera pulagi ndi akulu, osavuta kuvala, osinthasintha ndi ovuta, osavuta kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi, koma amadulidwa mwachangu. Pulagi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochepetsa kuthamanga ndi kutentha kapena pakati yokhala ndi tinthu tolimba mu payipi yamadzimadzi, koma sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera kuthamanga, kutentha kwambiri kapena payipi ya nthunzi.
④Valavu ya Throttle
Ndi ya mtundu wina wa valavu yozungulira. Mawonekedwe a mutu wake wa valavu ndi ozungulira kapena osalala, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera bwino kuyenda kwa madzi olamulidwa kapena kupopera ndi kulamulira kuthamanga. Vavuyi imafuna kulondola kwambiri pakupanga komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kotseka.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyang'anira zida kapena kutengera zitsanzo ndi mapaipi ena, koma sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kukhuthala ndi tinthu tolimba mupaipi.
⑤Valavu ya Mpira
Valavu ya mpira, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu yapakati pa mpira, ndi mtundu wa valavu yomwe yapangidwa mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa. Imagwiritsa ntchito mpira wokhala ndi dzenje pakati ngati pakati pa valavu, kutengera kuzungulira kwa mpirawo kuti ulamulire kutsegula kapena kutseka valavu.
Ndi yofanana ndi pulagi, koma yaying'ono kuposa pamwamba pa pulagi, kapangidwe kakang'ono, yosinthira yopulumutsa ntchito, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa pulagi.
Popeza ma valve a mpira akuyenda bwino kwambiri, ma valve a mpira sagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha mu mapaipi otsika mphamvu, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapaipi amphamvu mphamvu. Komabe, chifukwa cha zofooka za zinthu zotsekera, sizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapaipi otentha kwambiri.
⑥ Ma Vavu a Diaphragm
Ma valve a rabara a diaphragm amapezeka kwambiri. Kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valavu iyi ndi diaphragm yapadera ya rabara, diaphragm imalumikizidwa pakati pa thupi la valavu ndi chivundikiro cha valavu, ndipo diski yomwe ili pansi pa tsinde la valavu imakanikiza diaphragm mwamphamvu pa thupi la valavu kuti itseke.
Valavu iyi ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, kutseka kodalirika, kukonza kosavuta komanso kukana madzi pang'ono. Yoyenera kunyamula zinthu zosungunuka ndi mapaipi amadzimadzi okhala ndi zinthu zolimba zopachikidwa, koma nthawi zambiri siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto akulu kapena kutentha kwambiri kuposa mapaipi a 60 ℃, siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula zinthu zosungunuka zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zosungunuka zamphamvu mupaipi.
⑦ Valavu Yowunikira
Amadziwikanso kuti ma valve osabwezera kapena ma valve owunikira. Amayikidwa mu payipi kuti madzi aziyenda mbali imodzi yokha, ndipo kuyenda mobwerera sikuloledwa.
Ndi mtundu wa valavu yotseka yokha, pali valavu kapena mbale yogwedeza m'thupi la valavu. Pamene sing'anga ikuyenda bwino, madziwo amatsegula okha chivundikiro cha valavu; madziwo akamayenda mmbuyo, madziwo (kapena mphamvu ya kasupe) amatseka okha chivundikiro cha valavu. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kosiyana ka valavu yoyang'anira, imagawidwa m'magulu awiri a kukweza ndi kugwedezeka.
Chophimba cha valavu choyezera chokweza chimakhala cholunjika ku kayendedwe kokweza njira ya valavu, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapaipi opingasa kapena oimirira; chophimba cha valavu choyezera chozungulira nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa mbale ya rocker, mbali ya mbale ya rocker yolumikizidwa ku shaft, mbale ya rocker imatha kuzungulira mozungulira shaft, valavu yoyezera yozungulira nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mu payipi yopingasa, chifukwa cha mainchesi ang'onoang'ono amathanso kuyikidwa mu payipi yoyimirira, koma samalani kuti madzi asamayende kwambiri.
Valavu yowunikira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapaipi oyera, okhala ndi tinthu tolimba komanso kukhuthala kwa mapaipi owunikira sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Magwiridwe antchito a valavu yowunikira mtundu wa lift ndi abwino kuposa mtundu wa swing, koma kukana kwamadzimadzi a valavu yowunikira mtundu wa swing ndi kochepa kuposa mtundu wa lift. Kawirikawiri, valavu yowunikira swing ndi yoyenera mapaipi akuluakulu a caliber.
⑧Vavu ya Gulugufe
Valavu ya gulugufe ndi diski yozungulira (kapena diski yozungulira) yowongolera kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa payipi. Ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, kokhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono yakunja.
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kotseka ndi mavuto a zinthu, ntchito yotseka mavavu ndi yoipa, imangogwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mapaipi okhala ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso mainchesi akuluakulu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potumiza madzi, mpweya, gasi ndi zinthu zina mupaipi.
⑨ Valavu Yochepetsa Kupanikizika
Ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwapakati kufika pamtengo winawake wa valavu yodziyimira payokha, kuthamanga kwapakati pambuyo pa valavu kukhala kochepera 50% ya kuthamanga kwapakati pa valavu, komwe kumadalira kwambiri diaphragm, masika, pisitoni ndi zina za sing'anga kuti kulamulira kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pakati pa chogwirira cha valavu ndi kusiyana kwa mpando wa valavu kuti kukwaniritse cholinga chochepetsera kuthamanga.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve ochepetsera kupanikizika, common piston ndi diaphragm type two.
⑩ valavu yolumikizira
Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa cholumikizira, ma valve ena amafunika kupakidwa zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri (monga lead, rabara, enamel, ndi zina zotero) m'thupi la valavu ndi mutu wa valavu, zinthu zolumikizira ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa cholumikiziracho.
Kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ma valve okhala ndi mipanda nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mtundu wa ngodya yakumanja kapena mtundu wa kayendedwe kawo mwachindunji.
⑪Ma valve otetezera
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala akupanga bwino, mu dongosolo la mapaipi omwe ali pansi pa kupanikizika, pali chipangizo chotetezera chokhazikika, ndiko kuti, kusankha pepala lachitsulo lokhuthala, monga kuyika mbale yobisika yomwe yaikidwa kumapeto kwa payipi kapena malo olumikizirana.
Pamene kupanikizika mu payipi kukukwera, pepalalo limasweka kuti likwaniritse cholinga chochepetsa kupanikizika. Ma plate osweka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi okhala ndi kupanikizika kochepa komanso akuluakulu, koma m'mapaipi ambiri okhala ndi ma valve oteteza, ma valve oteteza amakhala amitundu yambiri, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, omwe ndi, odzaza ndi masika ndi opangidwa ndi lever.
Ma valve oteteza okhala ndi kasupe amadalira kwambiri mphamvu ya kasupe kuti atseke. Pamene kupanikizika mu chitoliro kupitirira mphamvu ya kasupe, valavu imatsegulidwa ndi sing'anga, ndipo madzi omwe ali mu chitolirocho amatuluka, kotero kuti kupanikizika kumachepa.
Kupanikizika mu chitoliro kukatsika pansi pa mphamvu ya kasupe, valavu imatsekanso. Mavavu oteteza amtundu wa lever amadalira kwambiri mphamvu ya kulemera kwa lever kuti akwaniritse kutseka, mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi mtundu wa kasupe. Kusankha valavu yoteteza, kumadalira kuthamanga kogwira ntchito ndi kutentha kogwira ntchito kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga, kukula kwake kwa caliber kumatha kuwerengedwa potengera zomwe zikuyenera kudziwika.
Mtundu wa kapangidwe ka valavu yotetezera, zinthu za valavu ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa sing'anga, mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito. Kupanikizika koyambira, kuyesa ndi kuvomereza valavu yotetezera kuli ndi zinthu zapadera, kuwunikira nthawi zonse ndi dipatimenti yachitetezo, kusindikiza chisindikizo, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito sikuyenera kusinthidwa mwachisawawa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-01-2023