Mapaipi a Chemical ndi ma valve ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndipo ndi ulalo pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zama mankhwala.Kodi mavavu 5 omwe amapezeka kwambiri pamapaipi amankhwala amagwira ntchito bwanji?Cholinga chachikulu?Kodi mapaipi amadzimadzi ndi mavavu opangira mankhwala ndi chiyani?(Mitundu 11 ya chitoliro + mitundu 4 ya zoyikira + 11 mavavu) makemikolo opopera zinthu izi, kugwira mokwanira!
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11 mavavu akuluakulu
Chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera kutuluka kwa madzi mupaipi chimatchedwa valavu.Maudindo ake akuluakulu ndi awa:
Tsegulani ndi kutseka udindo - kudula kapena kuyankhulana ndi kutuluka kwa madzi mu payipi;
Kusintha - kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi mu payipi, kutuluka;
Throttling - madzimadzi amayenda kudzera mu valve, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu.
Gulu:
Malinga ndi udindo wa valavu mu payipi ndi osiyana, akhoza kugawidwa mu valavu odulidwa (wotchedwa globe valavu), valavu throttle, valavu cheke, valavu chitetezo ndi zina zotero;
Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavavu amatha kugawidwa m'mavavu a pachipata, pulagi (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Cocker), ma valve a mpira, mavavu agulugufe, mavavu a diaphragm, mavavu okhala ndi mizere ndi zina zotero.
Komanso, malinga ndi kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana valavu, ndipo anawagawa zosapanga dzimbiri mavavu, mavavu kuponyedwa zitsulo, mavavu chitsulo, mavavu pulasitiki, mavavu ceramic ndi zina zotero.
Kusankhidwa kosiyanasiyana kwa ma valve kungapezeke m'mabuku oyenerera ndi zitsanzo, mitundu yokha ya ma valve imayambitsidwa pano.
①Globe Valve
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osavuta, osavuta kupanga ndi kukonza, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi otsika komanso apakatikati.Imayikidwa mu tsinde la valve pansi pa chimbale chozungulira cha valve (mutu wa valve) ndi gawo la flange la valve (mpando wa valve) kuti akwaniritse cholinga chodula kutuluka kwa madzi.
Tsinde la valavu limatha kusinthidwa ndi ulusi wokweza digirii yotsegulira ma valve, kuchita nawo gawo linalake.Chifukwa chodulira valavu ndi kudalira valavu mutu ndi mpando ndege kukhudzana chisindikizo, si oyenera ntchito payipi munali tinthu olimba madzimadzi.
Globe Valve ingagwiritsidwe ntchito molingana ndi mawonekedwe a media kuti musankhe mutu wa valavu yoyenera, mpando, zida za chipolopolo.Kuti mugwiritse ntchito valavu chifukwa cha kusindikiza koyipa kapena mutu, mpando ndi mbali zina za valavu zowonongeka, mukhoza kutenga mpeni wopepuka, kugaya, pamwamba ndi njira zina zokonzera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kuti muwonjezere moyo wautumiki wa valavu.
②Chipata cha Vavu
Ndi perpendicular kwa kayendedwe ka zofalitsa ndi mbale imodzi kapena ziwiri zathyathyathya, ndi ma valve osindikizira pamwamba kuti akwaniritse cholinga chotseka.Chovala cha valve chimakwezedwa kuti chitsegule valve.
Lathyathyathya mbale ndi kasinthasintha wa tsinde valavu ndi kukweza, ndi kukula kwa kutsegula kulamulira kutuluka kwa madzimadzi.Kukana kwa ma valve ndikwang'ono, kusindikiza kwabwino, kusintha ntchito yopulumutsa, makamaka yoyenera paipi yayikulu, koma mawonekedwe a valve pachipata ndi ovuta, mitundu yambiri.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a tsinde ndi osiyana, pali tsinde lotseguka ndi tsinde lakuda;malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mbale ya valavu imagawidwa mumtundu wa mphero, mtundu wofanana ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi zambiri, mbale yamtundu wa wedge ndi mbale imodzi ya valve, ndipo mtundu wofananira umagwiritsa ntchito mbale ziwiri za valve.Parallel mtundu n'zosavuta kupanga kuposa mphero mtundu, kukonza bwino, ntchito si kophweka mapindikidwe, koma sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zoyendera zonyansa mu payipi madzimadzi, zambiri zoyendera madzi, mpweya woyera, mafuta ndi mapaipi ena.
③Mavavu olumikizira
Pulagi imadziwika kuti Cocker, ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito valavu kuyika dzenje lapakati ndi pulagi ya conical kuti mutsegule ndi kutseka payipi.
Pulagi molingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosindikiza, imatha kugawidwa kukhala pulagi yonyamula, pulagi yosindikizidwa ndi mafuta ndipo palibe pulagi yonyamula ndi zina zotero.Mapangidwe a pulagi ndi ophweka, miyeso yaying'ono yakunja, yotseguka ndi kutseka mofulumira, yosavuta kugwira ntchito, kukana kwamadzimadzi kakang'ono, kosavuta kupanga njira zitatu kapena zinayi zogawa kapena kusintha valve.
Pulagi yosindikizira pamwamba ndi yayikulu, yosavuta kuvala, kusinthasintha movutikira, sikophweka kusintha kayendedwe kake, koma kudula mwachangu.Pulagi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kuthamanga ndi kutentha kapena sing'anga yokhala ndi tinthu tolimba mupaipi yamadzimadzi, koma sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuthamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri kapena mapaipi a nthunzi.
④Vavu ya Throttle
Ndi ya mtundu umodzi wa valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi.Maonekedwe a mutu wake wa valve ndi conical kapena streamlined, zomwe zingathe kulamulira bwino kutuluka kwa madzi oyendetsedwa bwino kapena kuthamanga ndi kukakamiza.Valavu imafuna kulondola kwambiri komanso kusindikiza bwino.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuwongolera zida kapena zitsanzo ndi mapaipi ena, koma sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi tinthu tating'ono tapaipi.
⑤Vavu ya Mpira
Valve ya mpira, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu ya mpira, ndi mtundu wa valve wopangidwa mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa.Amagwiritsa ntchito mpira wokhala ndi dzenje pakati ngati malo a valve, kudalira kuzungulira kwa mpira kuti athetse kutsegula kapena kutseka kwa valve.
Ndizofanana ndi pulagi, koma yaying'ono kuposa kusindikiza pamwamba pa pulagi, kamangidwe kameneka, kusintha ntchito yopulumutsa, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa pulagi.
Ndi kusintha kwa kupanga ma valve olondola, ma valve a mpira samangogwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi otsika, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi othamanga kwambiri.Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zosindikizira, sizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi otentha kwambiri.
⑥ Mavavu a Diaphragm
Zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ndi ma valve diaphragm a rabara.Kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valavu iyi ndi diaphragm yapadera ya rabara, diaphragm imamangiriridwa pakati pa thupi la valve ndi chivundikiro cha valve, ndipo diski pansi pa tsinde la valve imakanikiza diaphragm mwamphamvu pa thupi la valve kuti akwaniritse kusindikiza.
Valve iyi ili ndi dongosolo losavuta, kusindikiza kodalirika, kukonza kosavuta komanso kutsika kwamadzimadzi.Oyenera kufalitsa ma acidic media ndi mapaipi amadzimadzi okhala ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa, koma nthawi zambiri sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukakamiza kwambiri kapena kutentha kwapaipi kuposa 60 ℃, sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zosungunulira organic ndi media amphamvu oxidizing mupaipi.
⑦ Yang'anani Vavu
Amadziwikanso kuti ma valve osabwerera kapena ma check valves.Imayikidwa mu payipi kuti madzimadzi azingoyenda mbali imodzi, ndipo kubwereranso sikuloledwa.
Ndi mtundu wa valve yotseka yokha, pali valve kapena mbale yogwedeza mu thupi la valve.Sing'angayo ikamayenda bwino, madzimadziwo amatsegula chitseko cha valve;pamene madziwa amayenda chammbuyo, madzimadzi (kapena masika mphamvu) adzatseka basi valavu chotchinga.Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyana a valavu cheke, amagawidwa kukweza ndi swing mitundu iwiri.
Nyali yoyang'ana valavu yowunikira imakhala yolunjika kumayendedwe okweza ma valve, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi opingasa kapena ofukula;valavu yozungulira yozungulira nthawi zambiri imatchedwa rocker plate, rocker plate side yolumikizidwa ndi shaft, mbale ya rocker imatha kuzunguliridwa mozungulira tsinde, valavu yoyang'ana yozungulira nthawi zambiri imayikidwa mu payipi yopingasa, chifukwa m'mimba mwake yaying'ono imatha kukhazikitsidwanso ofukula mapaipi, koma kulabadira otaya sayenera kukhala lalikulu.
Vavu yowunikira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi oyeretsa atolankhani, okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kukhuthala kwapaipi yapa media sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Lift type check valve valve yotsekedwa bwino kuposa mtundu wa swing, koma mtundu wa swing check valve fluid resistance ndi wocheperako kuposa mtundu wokweza.Nthawi zambiri, valavu yoyang'anira swing ndiyoyenera mapaipi akulu akulu.
⑧Vavu ya Gulugufe
Vavu ya butterfly ndi disk yotembenuzidwa (kapena oval disk) kuwongolera kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa payipi.Ndi dongosolo losavuta, miyeso yaying'ono yakunja.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osindikizira ndi zovuta zakuthupi, valavu yotsekedwa imakhala yosauka, pokhapokha pazitsulo zotsika kwambiri, zoyendetsera mapaipi akuluakulu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa madzi, mpweya, gasi ndi mauthenga ena paipi.
⑨ Vavu Yochepetsa Kupanikizika
Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwapakati pamtengo wina wa valavu yodziwikiratu, kupanikizika kwapang'onopang'ono pambuyo pa valavu kumakhala kochepera 50% ya kupanikizika pamaso pa valavu, yomwe makamaka imadalira diaphragm, kasupe, piston ndi mbali zina zapakati. kuti muwongolere kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pakati pa valavu ya valve ndi kusiyana kwa mpando wa valve kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chochepetsera kuthamanga.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve ochepetsa kuthamanga, piston wamba ndi diaphragm mtundu wachiwiri.
⑩ valavu yotsekera
Pofuna kupewa dzimbiri pa sing'anga, ma valve ena ayenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zosagwira dzimbiri (monga lead, rabara, enamel, etc.) mu thupi la valve ndi mutu wa valve, zipangizo zopangira ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha sing'anga.
Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziyika, ma valve okhala ndi mizere nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mtundu wa ngodya yoyenera kapena mtundu wothamanga.
⑪Mavavu achitetezo
Pofuna kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha kupanga mankhwala, mu dongosolo la mapaipi pansi pa kupanikizika, pali chipangizo chokhazikika chotetezera, ndiko kuti, kusankha kwa pepala linalake lachitsulo, monga kuyika mbale yakhungu yomwe imayikidwa kumapeto kwa payipi kapena tee mawonekedwe.
Pamene kuthamanga kwa payipi kumakwera, pepalalo limathyoledwa kuti likwaniritse cholinga cha kuchepetsa kupanikizika.Mbalame zophulika nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi otsika kwambiri, aakulu-m'mimba mwake, koma m'mapaipi ambiri a mankhwala okhala ndi ma valve otetezera, ma valve otetezera ali amitundu yambiri, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, omwe ndi masika odzaza ndi lever.
Ma valve otetezedwa ndi masika amadalira makamaka mphamvu ya kasupe kuti akwaniritse kusindikiza.Pamene kupanikizika mu chitoliro kumaposa mphamvu ya kasupe, valavu imatsegulidwa ndi sing'anga, ndipo madzi a mupope amachotsedwa, kotero kuti kupanikizika kumachepetsedwa.
Pamene kuthamanga kwa chitoliro kumatsika pansi pa mphamvu ya masika, valavu imatseka kachiwiri.Ma valve otetezera amtundu wa Lever makamaka amadalira mphamvu ya kulemera kwa lever kuti akwaniritse kusindikiza, mfundo yochitira ndi mtundu wa masika.Kusankhidwa kwa ma valve otetezera, kumatengera kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndi kutentha kwa ntchito kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwadzina, kukula kwake kwa caliber kungathe kuwerengedwa molingana ndi zofunikira kuti mudziwe.
Mtundu wa chitetezo cha valve, zinthu za valve ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi momwe zimakhalira, momwe zimagwirira ntchito.Kuthamanga koyambira, kuyesa ndi kuvomereza kwa valve yotetezera kumakhala ndi zofunikira zapadera, kuyesedwa nthawi zonse ndi dipatimenti ya chitetezo, kusindikiza chisindikizo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito sikungasinthidwe mosasamala kuti chitetezo chitetezeke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-01-2023