Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
Kutulutsa ndi tubere kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa mafuta ndi mpweya, kuthira ndi mabizinesi ndikofunikira m'makampani opangira mafuta ndi ma hydrocarbon (mafuta achilengedwe) kuchokera pansi. Kuonetsetsa maudindo ofunikira pakuwonetsetsa, umphumphu, komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Tubing ndi mtundu wa mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mafuta osadukiza ndi mpweya wachilengedwe kuchokera pa gawo la mafuta kapena gasi pansi pomwe kubowola ndalamazo litamalizidwa. Tubing imatha kulola kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yomwe m'zigawo. Tubsing zopangidwa monga momwe zimapangidwira, koma njirayi yotchedwa "zokhumudwitsa" zimafunikira makamaka kuti zithetse chitoliro cha tube.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zoopsa zomwe zambidwa pansi pa mafuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitoliro chobowola, matumba okhala ndi mafuta amathandiziranso kupanikizika kwa axial, mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Octsg zojambula ndi mapaipi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi zotupa.

Kulembana
API 5l: Gr.b, x42, x46, x52, x56, x50, x60, x65, x75, x80, x80 |
API 5ct: J55, N80, L80, P110 |
API 5D: E75, x95, G105, S135 |
En10210: S235Jrh, S275J00h, S275J02h, S351000, S355J02h |
ASTM A106: GR.A, GR.B, GR.C |
Astm A53 / A53m: Gr.A, GR.B |
ASMM A335: P1, P2, 95, P9, P11P22, P23, P92, P922 P122 P122 |
ASTM A333: GR.1, GR.3, GR.6, GR.7, GR.7, GR.8, GR.11 |
SINE 2391: St30al, St30si, St35, St45, ST52 |
Mad en 10216-1: P195TR1, P195TR2, P135TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
JIS G3454: STPG 370, STPG 410 |
JIS G3456: STTT 370, STPT 410, STTT 480 |
GB / T 8163: 10 # 20 #, Q345 |
GB / T 8162: 10 # 20 #, 35 #, 45 #, Q345 |
Iso / API STEL Mndandanda
Zilemboa | Kunja mzere wapakati D mm | Wadzina mzere kuchulukab, c T & c kg / m | Khoma kukula t mm | Mtundu wa Mapeto | ||||||||
1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Lembani 1, q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
4-1 2 4-1 2 4-1 2 4-1 2 4-1 2 | 9.50 100 11.60 13.50 15.10 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 14,14 15,63 17,26 20,09 22,47 | 5,21 5,69 6,35 7,37 8,56 | PS - - - - | PS Buku Golb - - | PS Buku Plib Plib - | - - Plib Plib - | - - Plib Plib - | - - Plib Plib - | - - Plib Plib Plib | - - - - Plib |
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 | 110 13.00 150.00 18.00 21.40 23.20 24.10 | 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 | 17,11 19,35 22,32 26,79 31,85 34,53 35,86 | 5,59 6,43 7,52 9,19 11,10 12,14 12,70 | - - - - - - - | PS Golb Dotolo tsankhu - - - - | PS Golb Plib Plib Plib - - | - - Tsali Tsali Plib Plib Plib | - - Tsali Tsali Plib Plib Plib | - - Tsali Tsali Plib Plib Plib | - - Tsali Tsali Plib Plib Plib | - - - Tsali Plib Plib Plib |
5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 5-1 2 | 14.00 1550 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.80 29.70 32.60 35.30 38.00 40.50 43.10 | 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 | 20,83 23,07 25,30 29,76 34,23 39,88 44,20 48,51 52,53 56,55 60,27 64,14 | 6,20 6,98 7,72 9,17 10,54 12,70 14,27 15,88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22,22 | PS | PS Dotolo tsankhu Dotolo tsankhu | PS Golb Plib Plib Plib | - - Tsali Tsali Tsali - - - - - - - | Tsali Tsali Tsali | Tsali Tsali Tsali P P P P P P P | Tsali Tsali Tsali | - - - - Tsali - - - - - - |
6-5 / 8 6-5 / 8 6-5 / 8 6-5 / 8 | 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 | 168,28 168,28 168,28 168,28 | 29,76 35,72 41,67 47,62 | 7,32 8,94 10,59 12,06 | PS - - | Golb Dotolo tsankhu - | Golb Plib Plib - | - Tsali Tsali Tsali | - Tsali Tsali Tsali | - Tsali Tsali Tsali | - Tsali Tsali Tsali | - - Tsali |
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 | 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.00 29.00 32.00 35.00 38.00 42.70 46.40 50.10 53.60 57.10 | 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 | 25,30 29,76 34,23 38,69 43,16 47,62 52,09 56,55 63,54 69,05 74,56 79,77 84,97 | 5,87 6,91 8,05 9,19 10,36 11,51 12,65 13,72 15,88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22,22 | PS PS - - - - - - - - - - - | - PS Dotolo tsankhu Dotolo tsankhu - - - - - - - - - | - PS Plib Plib Plib Plib - - - - - - - | - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali - - - - - | - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali - - - - - | - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali P P P P P | - - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali - - - - - | - - - - - - Tsali Tsali - - - - - |
Onani zolemba kumapeto kwa tebulo. |
Zilemboa | Kunja mzere wapakati D mm | Wadzina mzere kuchulukab, c T & c kg / m | Khoma kukula t mm | Mtundu wa Mapeto | ||||||||
1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Lembani 1, q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 7-5 / 8 | 24.00 26.40 29.70 33.70 39.00 42.80 45.30 47.10 51.20 55.30 | 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 | 35,72 39,29 44,20 50,15 58,04 63,69 67,41 70,09 76,19 82,30 | 7,62 8,33 9,52 10,92 12,70 14,27 15,11 15,88 17,45 19,05 | PS | Dotolo tsankhu | Golb Plib Plib | Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Plib Plib Plib | Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Plib Plib Plib | Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Plib Plib Plib P P | Tsali Tsali Tsali Plib Plib Plib | Tsali Plib Plib Plib |
7-3 / 4 | 46.10 | 19,685 | 6,860 | 1,511 | - | - | - | P | P | P | P | P |
8-5 / 8 8-5 / 8 8-5 / 8 8-5 / 8 8-5 / 8 8-5 / 8 8-5 / 8 | 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 44.00 49.00 | 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 | 35,72 41,67 47,62 53,57 59,53 65,48 72,92 | 6,71 7,72 8,94 10,16 11,43 12,70 14,15 | PS PS - - - - | PS - Dotolo tsankhu Dotolo tsankhu - - - | PS PS Golb Golb Plib - - | - - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali | - - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali | - - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali | - - - - Tsali Tsali Tsali | - - - - - - Tsali |
9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 9-5 / 8 | 32.30 36.00 40.00 43.50 47.00 53.50 58.40 59.40 64.90 70.30 75.60 | 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 | 48,07 53,57 59,53 64,73 69,94 79,62 86,91 88,40 96,58 104,62 112,50 | 7,92 8,94 10,03 11,05 11,99 13,84 15,11 15,47 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS - - - - - - - - - | - Golb Dotolo tsankhu - - - - - - - - | - Golb Golb Plib Plib - - - - - - | - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Plib - - - - | - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Plib - - - - | - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Tsali Plib P P P P | - - - Tsali Tsali Tsali Plib - - - - | - - - - Tsali Tsali Plib - - - - |
10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 10-3 / 4 | 32.75 40.50 45.50 51.00 55.50 60.70 65.70 73.20 79.20 85.30 | 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 | 48,74 60,27 67,71 75,90 82,59 90,33 97,77 108,93 117,86 126,94 | 7,09 8,89 10,16 11,43 12,57 13,84 15,11 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS | Buku Makhalidwe Makhalidwe | Buku Buku Buku Buku | Makhalidwe Makhalidwe | Makhalidwe Makhalidwe | Makhalidwe Makhalidwe Makhalidwe Buku P P P | Makhalidwe Makhalidwe Makhalidwe Buku | Makhalidwe Buku |
11-3 / 4 11-3 / 4 11-3 / 4 11-3 / 4 11-3 / 4 11-3 / 4 | 42.00 47.00 54.00 60.00 65.00 71.00 | 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 | 62,50 69,94 80,36 89,29 96,73 105,66 | 8,46 9,53 11,05 12,42 13,56 14,78 | PS - - - | Buku Buku Buku - - | Buku Buku Buku - - | - - Buku P P | - - Buku P P | - - Buku P P | - - Buku P P | - - Buku P P |
13-3 / 8 13-3 / 8 13-3 / 8 13-3 / 8 13-3 / 8 | 48.00 54.50 61.00 68.00 72.00 | 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 | 71,43 81,10 90,78 101,19 107,15 | 8,38 9,65 10,92 12,19 13,06 | PS - - - - | - Buku Buku Buku - | - Buku Buku Buku - | - - - Buku Buku | - - - Buku Buku | - - - Buku Buku | - - - Buku Buku | - - - - Buku |
Onani zolemba kumapeto kwa tebulo. |
Zilemboa | Kunja mzere wapakati D mm | Wadzina mzere kuchulukab, c T & c kg / m | Khoma kukula t mm | Mtundu wa Mapeto | ||||||||
1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Lembani 1, q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
16 16 16 16 | 65.00 75.00 84.00 109.00 | 406,40 406,40 406,40 406,40 | 96,73 111,61 125,01 162,21 | 9,53 11,13 12,57 16,66 | PS | Buku Buku P | Buku Buku | P | P | P | P | |
18-5 / 8 | 87.50 | 47,308 | 13,021 | 1,105 | PS | Buku | Buku | - | - | - | - | - |
20 20 20 | 94.00 106.50 133.00 | 508,00 508,00 508,00 | 139,89 158,49 197,93 | 11,13 12,70 16,13 | Dotolol - - | Golb Golb Golb | Golb Golb - | - - - | - - - | - - - | - - - | - - - |
P = kumapeto kwenikweni, s = ulusi wozungulira, l = ulusi wautali, b = chingwe chopindika, e = mzere wowonjezera. | ||||||||||||
Zolemba za ♦ ♦ zidziwitso ndi thandizo pakulamulira. ♦ Magulu a Nominal Amodzi, wokhomedwa ndikuphatikizidwa (Col. 2) akuwonetsedwa pazidziwitso zokha. ♦ Malipiro a Martietitic a Chromioum Sreels (L80 Mitundu 9cr ndi 13cr) ndi osiyana ndi makhate a kaboni. Masters omwe akuwonetsedwawo ndiopanda kulondola kwa ma chenetititic zitsulo. Chinthu chowongolera chachikulu cha 0,989 chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. |
Zilembo | Kunja kwa mainchesi D mm | Mzere wotsiriza kuchuluka kg / m | Makulidwe a Khoma t mm | |
1 | 2 | |||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
3-1 / 2 4 4-1 2 5 5-1 2 6-5 / 8 | 9.92 11.35 13.05 17.95 19.83 27.66 | 88,90 101,60 114,30 127,00 139,70 168,28 | 14,76 16,89 19,42 26,71 29,51 41,18 | 7,34 7,26 7,37 9,19 9,17 10,59 |
ISO / API STEL TSIKU
Zilembo | Kunja mzere wapakati D mm | Dzina la Nonilial massaa, b | Khoma wandiweyani- ndi t mm | Mapeto a kumalizac | |||||||||||
Osakhala khumudwa T & c kg / m | . khumudwa T & c kg / m | Gwirizanani. kugwirana kg / m | |||||||||||||
1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
NU T & c | EU T & c | IJ | H40 | J55 | L80 | N80 Lembani 1, q | C90 | T95 | P110 | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 | 2.40 2.75 3.65 4.42 5.15 | - 2.90 3.73 - - | 2.40 2.76 - - - | 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 | - 4,09 5,43 6,58 7,66 | - 4,32 5,55 - - | 3,57 4,11 - - - | 3,18 3,68 5,08 6,35 7,62 | PI Pnui PU - - | PI Pnui PU - - | - Pnui PU P P | - Pnui PU - - | - Pnui PU P P | - Pnui PU P P | PU - - |
2.063 2.063 | 3.24 4.50 | - - | 3.25 - | 52,40 52,40 | - - | - - | 4,84 - | 3,96 5,72 | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | P |
2-3 / 8 2-3 / 8 2-3 / 8 2-3 / 8 2-3 / 8 | 4.00 4.60 5.80 6.60 7.35 | 4.70 5.95 7.45 | 60,32 60,32 60,32 60,32 60,32 | 5,95 6,85 8,63 9,82 10,94 | 6,99 8,85 11,09 | 4,24 4,83 6,45 7,49 8,53 | PN Pnu | PN Pnu | PN Pnu Pnu P PU | PN Pnu Pnu - - | PN Pnu Pnu P PU | PN Pnu Pnu P PU | Pnu Pnu | ||
2-7 / 8 2-7 / 8 2-7 / 8 2-7 / 8 | 6.40 7.80 8.60 9.35 | 6.50 7.90 8.70 9.45 | - - - | 73,02 73,02 73,02 73,02 | 9,52 11,61 12,80 13,91 | 9,67 11,76 12,95 14,06 | - - - | 5,51 7,01 7,82 8,64 | Pnu - - | Pnu - - | Pnu Pnu Pnu PU | Pnu Pnu Pnu - | Pnu Pnu Pnu PU | Pnu Pnu Pnu PU | Pnu Pnu Pnu - |
2-7 / 8 2-7 / 8 | 100 110 | - | - | 73,02 73,02 | 15,63 17,11 | - | - | 9,96 11,18 | - | - | P P | - | P P | P P | - |
3-1 / 2 3-1 / 2 3-1 / 2 3-1 / 2 3-1 / 2 3-1 / 2 3-1 / 2 | 7.70 9.20 10.20 12.70 14.30 1550 17.00 | - 9.30 - 12.95 - - - | - - - - - - - | 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 | 11,46 13,69 15,18 18,90 21,28 23,07 25,30 | - 13,84 - 19,27 - - - | - - - - - - - | 5,49 6,45 7,34 9,52 10,92 12,09 13,46 | PN Pnu PN - - - - | PN Pnu PN - - - - | PN Pnu PN Pnu P P P | PN Pnu PN Pnu - - - | PN Pnu PN Pnu P P P | PN Pnu PN Pnu P P P | - Pnu - Pnu - - - |
4 4 4 4 4 4 | 9.50 10.70 13.20 16.10 18.90 22.20 | - 11.00 - - - - | - - - - - - | 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 | 14,14 - 19,64 23,96 28,13 33,04 | - 16,37 - - - - | - - - - - - | 5,74 6,65 8,38 10,54 12,70 15,49 | PN PU - - - - | PN PU - - - - | PN PU P P P P | PN PU - - - - | PN PU P P P P | PN PU P P P P | - - - - - - |
4-1 2 4-1 2 4-1 2 4-1 2 4-1 2 4-1 2 4-1 2 | 12.60 15.20 17.00 18.90 21.50 23.70 26.10 | 12.75 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 18,75 22,62 25,30 28,13 32,00 35,27 38,84 | 18,97 | 6,88 8,56 9,65 10,92 12,70 14,22 16,00 | Pnu | Pnu | Pnu P P P P P P | Pnu - - - - - - | Pnu P P P P P P | Pnu P P P P P P | |||
P = mathero omveka, n = osakhumudwitsidwa ndikukhumudwitsidwa ndikuphatikizidwa, U = Kukhumudwitsidwa kwa kunja ndikuphatikizidwa, kuphatikizika, kulumikizana. | |||||||||||||||
♦ Nyama yadzinal a Nonil, ulusi ndi kuphatikiza (Col. 2, 3, 4) akuwonetsedwa pazidziwitso zokha. ♦ Malipiro a Martietitic a Chromioum Sreels (L80 Mitundu 9cr ndi 13cr) ndi osiyana ndi makhate a kaboni. Masters omwe akuwonetsedwawo ndiopanda kulondola kwa ma chenetititic zitsulo. Chinthu chowongolera chachikulu cha 0,989 chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. ♦ ♦ osakhumudwitsa akupezeka ndi componseps yokhazikika kapena polumikizana ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Kulumbira kwakunja kumapezeka mokhazikika, zapadera-bevel, kapena kuphatikizidwa kwapadera. |
Muyezo & kalasi
Casm ndi ma tuber muyezo:
API 5ct J55, K50, L80, N80, P110, C90, T95, H90, H90
API 5ct Castung ndi Zithunzi Zithunzi Zimaliza:
(Stc) lalifupi lozungulira
(LC) wautali wozungulira
(BC) Tsitsi
(Xc)
(Nu) tulo osakwiya
(Eu) Kukhumudwa kwakunja
(Ij) kuphatikiza mababu ophatikizidwa
Kukula ndi tubing kuyenera kukhala kutumizidwa molingana ndi kulumikizana ndi muyezo wa apirct / Api.
Kuwongolera kwapadera
Kusanthula kwazinthu, kusanthula kwa mankhwala, kuyesedwa kwamakina, kuyendera kwa masheya, kuyesa, mayeso a DWT, Hydrostatic, Hunnestec ..
Chizindikiro, utoto usanaperekedwe.







Kunyamula & kutumiza
Njira yoyendera masheel imaphatikizira kuyeretsa, kukulunga, yopindika, kukhazikitsa, kupanga, kutola, ndikutulutsa, ndikumasula. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaipi achitsulo ndi zolimbitsa thupi ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zowongolera. Njira yokwanira ili imatsimikizira kuti mapaipi achitsulo akutumiza ndikufika komwe akupita ali pamkhalidwe woyenera, wokonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.



Kugwiritsa ntchito & kugwiritsa ntchito
Mapaipi achitsulo amagwira ngati msana wa mafakitale amakono ndi upangiri wa boma, kuthandizira ntchito zingapo zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa magulu ndi chuma padziko lonse lapansi.
Mapaipi achitsulo ndi zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa mafuta ambiri, mpweya, mafuta am'mphepete mwa nyanja