Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
Ma casing ndi machubu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mafuta ndi gasi akukula, Casing ndi machubu ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri mumakampani amafuta ndi gasi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa ndi kunyamula ma hydrocarbon (mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe) kuchokera pansi pa nthaka kupita pamwamba. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito zobowola ndi kupanga zinthu zili bwino, zodalirika, komanso zogwira mtima.
Kuboola mapaipi ndi mtundu wa payipi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mafuta osakonzedwa ndi gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera ku mafuta kapena gasi kupita pansi pambuyo poti kuboola kwatha. Kuboola mapaipi kumalola kupanikizika komwe kumachitika panthawi yotulutsa. Kuboola mapaipi kumapangidwa mofanana ndi kuphimba, koma njira yotchedwa "upsetting" imafunikanso kuti chitoliro cha mapaipi chikhale cholimba.
Chitolirochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mabowo omwe akumbidwa pansi kuti apeze mafuta. Mofanana ndi chitoliro chobowolera, mapaipi ophimba zitsime zamafuta amalolanso kuthamanga kwa mphamvu ya axial, kotero chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri chimafunika. Mabokosi a OCTG ndi mapaipi akuluakulu ozungulira omwe amamangiriridwa mu bowolo.
Mafotokozedwe
| API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| API 5CT: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110 |
| API 5D: E75, X95, G105, S135 |
| EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
| ASTM A106: GR.A, GR.B, GR.C |
| ASTM A53/A53M: GR.A, GR.B |
| ASTM A335: P1, P2, 95, P9, P11P22, P23, P91, P92, P122 |
| ASTM A333: Gr.1, Gr.3, Gr.4, Gr.6, Gr.7, Gr.8, Gr.9.Gr.10, Gr.11 |
| DIN 2391: St30Al, St30Si, St35, St45, St52 |
| DIN EN 10216-1: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
| JIS G3454: STPG 370, STPG 410 |
| JIS G3456: STPT 370, STPT 410, STPT 480 |
| GB/T 8163: 10#, 20#, Q345 |
| GB/T 8162: 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, Q345 |
Mndandanda wa zikhomo zachitsulo za ISO/API
| Zolembaa | Kunja m'lifupi D mm | Dzina lodziwika mzere kulemerab, c Mgwirizano ndi Malamulo makilogalamu/m | Khoma makulidwe t mm | Mtundu wa mapeto | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Mtundu 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 | 9.50 10.50 11.60 13.50 15.10 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 14,14 15,63 17,26 20,09 22,47 | 5,21 5,69 6,35 7,37 8,56 | PS — — — — | PS PSB PSLB — — | PS PSB PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB PLB | — — — — PLB |
| 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 | 11.50 13.00 15.00 18.00 21.40 23.20 24.10 | 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 | 17,11 19,35 22,32 26,79 31,85 34,53 35,86 | 5,59 6,43 7,52 9,19 11,10 12,14 12,70 | — — — — — — — | PS PSLB PSLBE — — — — | PS PSLB PLB PLB PLB — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — — PLBE PLB PLB PLB |
| 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 | 14.00 15.50 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.80 29.70 32.60 35.30 38.00 40.50 43.10 | 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 | 20,83 23,07 25,30 29,76 34,23 39,88 44,20 48,51 52,53 56,55 60,27 64,14 | 6,20 6,98 7,72 9,17 10,54 12,70 14,27 15,88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22,22 | PS | PS PSLBE PSLBE | PS PSLB PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — — — | PLBE PLBE PLBE | PLBE PLBE PLBE P P P P P P P | PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — PLBE — — — — — — |
| 6-5/8 6-5/8 6-5/8 6-5/8 | 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 | 168,28 168,28 168,28 168,28 | 29,76 35,72 41,67 47,62 | 7,32 8,94 10,59 12,06 | PS — — | PSLB PSLBE — | PSLB PLB PLB — | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — PLBE |
| 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 | 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.00 29.00 32.00 35.00 38.00 42.70 46.40 50.10 53.60 57.10 | 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 | 25,30 29,76 34,23 38,69 43,16 47,62 52,09 56,55 63,54 69,05 74,56 79,77 84,97 | 5,87 6,91 8,05 9,19 10,36 11,51 12,65 13,72 15,88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22,22 | PS PS — — — — — — — — — — — | — PS PSLBE PSLBE — — — — — — — — — | — PS PLB PLB PLB PLB — — — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE P P P P P | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — — — — — PLBE PLBE — — — — — |
| Onani zolemba kumapeto kwa tebulo. | ||||||||||||
| Zolembaa | Kunja m'lifupi D mm | Dzina lodziwika mzere kulemerab, c Mgwirizano ndi Malamulo makilogalamu/m | Khoma makulidwe t mm | Mtundu wa mapeto | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Mtundu 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 | 24.00 26.40 29.70 33.70 39.00 42.80 45.30 47.10 51.20 55.30 | 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 | 35,72 39,29 44,20 50,15 58,04 63,69 67,41 70,09 76,19 82,30 | 7,62 8,33 9,52 10,92 12,70 14,27 15,11 15,88 17,45 19,05 | PS | PSLBE | PSLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB P P | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLB PLB PLB |
| 7-3/4 | 46.10 | 19,685 | 6,860 | 1,511 | — | — | — | P | P | P | P | P |
| 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 | 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 44.00 49.00 | 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 | 35,72 41,67 47,62 53,57 59,53 65,48 72,92 | 6,71 7,72 8,94 10,16 11,43 12,70 14,15 | PS PS — — — — | PS — PSLBE PSLBE — — — | PS PS PSLB PSLB PLB — — | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — — — PLBE |
| 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 | 32.30 36.00 40.00 43.50 47.00 53.50 58.40 59.40 64.90 70.30 75.60 | 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 | 48,07 53,57 59,53 64,73 69,94 79,62 86,91 88,40 96,58 104,62 112,50 | 7,92 8,94 10,03 11,05 11,99 13,84 15,11 15,47 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS — — — — — — — — — | — PSLB PSLBE — — — — — — — — | — PSLB PSLB PLB PLB — — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB P P P P | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — — — PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — |
| 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 | 32.75 40.50 45.50 51.00 55.50 60.70 65.70 73.20 79.20 85.30 | 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 | 48,74 60,27 67,71 75,90 82,59 90,33 97,77 108,93 117,86 126,94 | 7,09 8,89 10,16 11,43 12,57 13,84 15,11 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS | PSB PSBE PSBE | PSB PSB PSB PSB | PSBE PSBE | PSBE PSBE | PSBE PSBE PSBE PSB P P P | PSBE PSBE PSBE PSB | PSBE PSB |
| 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 | 42.00 47.00 54.00 60.00 65.00 71.00 | 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 | 62,50 69,94 80,36 89,29 96,73 105,66 | 8,46 9,53 11,05 12,42 13,56 14,78 | PS — — — | PSB PSB PSB — — | PSB PSB PSB — — | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P |
| 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 | 48.00 54.50 61.00 68.00 72.00 | 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 | 71,43 81,10 90,78 101,19 107,15 | 8,38 9,65 10,92 12,19 13,06 | PS — — — — | — PSB PSB PSB — | — PSB PSB PSB — | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — — PSB |
| Onani zolemba kumapeto kwa tebulo. | ||||||||||||
| Zolembaa | Kunja m'lifupi D mm | Dzina lodziwika mzere kulemerab, c Mgwirizano ndi Malamulo makilogalamu/m | Khoma makulidwe t mm | Mtundu wa mapeto | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Mtundu 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 16 16 16 16 | 65.00 75.00 84.00 109.00 | 406,40 406,40 406,40 406,40 | 96,73 111,61 125,01 162,21 | 9,53 11,13 12,57 16,66 | PS | PSB PSB P | PSB PSB | P | P | P | P | |
| 18-5/8 | 87.50 | 47,308 | 13,021 | 1,105 | PS | PSB | PSB | — | — | — | — | — |
| 20 20 20 | 94.00 106.50 133.00 | 508,00 508,00 508,00 | 139,89 158,49 197,93 | 11,13 12,70 16,13 | PSL — — | PSLB PSLB PSLB | PSLB PSLB — | — — — | — — — | — — — | — — — | — — — |
| P = Mapeto osalala, S = Ulusi wozungulira waufupi, L = Ulusi wozungulira wautali, B = Ulusi wozungulira, E = Mzere wopingasa. | ||||||||||||
| ♦ Zolemba ndi za chidziwitso ndi chithandizo pakuyitanitsa. ♦ Mizere yolunjika yodziwika bwino, yolumikizidwa ndi yolumikizidwa (gawo 2) ikuwonetsedwa kuti idziwitse zambiri zokha. ♦ Kuchulukana kwa zitsulo za martensitic chromium (mitundu ya L80 9Cr ndi 13Cr) ndi kosiyana ndi zitsulo za kaboni. Chifukwa chake, kulemera komwe kwawonetsedwa sikulondola pazitsulo za martensitic chromium. Chida chowongolera kuchuluka kwa 0,989 chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. | ||||||||||||
| Zolemba | Kunja kwa m'mimba mwake D mm | Chosavuta kumapeto cholunjika kulemera makilogalamu/m | Kukhuthala kwa khoma t mm | |
| 1 | 2 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6-5/8 | 9.92 11.35 13.05 17.95 19.83 27.66 | 88,90 101,60 114,30 127,00 139,70 168,28 | 14,76 16,89 19,42 26,71 29,51 41,18 | 7,34 7,26 7,37 9,19 9,17 10,59 |
Mndandanda wa Machubu a Chitsulo a ISO/API
| Zolemba | Kunja m'lifupi D mm | Mwadzina mzere misaa, b | Khoma wandiweyani- ness t mm | Mtundu wa mapeto omalizac | |||||||||||
| Osati- khumudwa Mgwirizano ndi Malamulo makilogalamu/m | Zowonjezera. khumudwa Mgwirizano ndi Malamulo makilogalamu/m | Integ. cholumikizira makilogalamu/m | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| NU Mgwirizano ndi Malamulo | EU Mgwirizano ndi Malamulo | IJ | H40 | J55 | L80 | N80 Mtundu 1, Q | C90 | T95 | P110 | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 | 2.40 2.75 3.65 4.42 5.15 | — 2.90 3.73 — — | 2.40 2.76 — — — | 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 | — 4,09 5,43 6,58 7,66 | — 4,32 5,55 — — | 3,57 4,11 — — — | 3,18 3,68 5,08 6,35 7,62 | PI PNUI PU — — | PI PNUI PU — — | — PNUI PU P P | — PNUI PU — — | — PNUI PU P P | — PNUI PU P P | PU — — |
| 2.063 2.063 | 3.24 4.50 | — — | 3.25 — | 52,40 52,40 | — — | — — | 4,84 — | 3,96 5,72 | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | P |
| 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 | 4.00 4.60 5.80 6.60 7.35 | 4.70 5.95 7.45 | 60,32 60,32 60,32 60,32 60,32 | 5,95 6,85 8,63 9,82 10,94 | 6,99 8,85 11,09 | 4,24 4,83 6,45 7,49 8,53 | PN PNU | PN PNU | PN PNU PNU P PU | PN PNU PNU — — | PN PNU PNU P PU | PN PNU PNU P PU | PNU PNU | ||
| 2-7/8 2-7/8 2-7/8 2-7/8 | 6.40 7.80 8.60 9.35 | 6.50 7.90 8.70 9.45 | — — — | 73,02 73,02 73,02 73,02 | 9,52 11,61 12,80 13,91 | 9,67 11,76 12,95 14,06 | — — — | 5,51 7,01 7,82 8,64 | PNU — — | PNU — — | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU — | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU — |
| 2-7/8 2-7/8 | 10.50 11.50 | — | — | 73,02 73,02 | 15,63 17,11 | — | — | 9,96 11,18 | — | — | P P | — | P P | P P | — |
| 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 | 7.70 9.20 10.20 12.70 14.30 15.50 17.00 | — 9.30 — 12.95 — — — | — — — — — — — | 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 | 11,46 13,69 15,18 18,90 21,28 23,07 25,30 | — 13,84 — 19,27 — — — | — — — — — — — | 5,49 6,45 7,34 9,52 10,92 12,09 13,46 | PN PNU PN — — — — | PN PNU PN — — — — | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | PN PNU PN PNU — — — | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | — PNU — PNU — — — |
| 4 4 4 4 4 4 | 9.50 10.70 13.20 16.10 18.90 22.20 | — 11.00 — — — — | — — — — — — | 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 | 14,14 — 19,64 23,96 28,13 33,04 | — 16,37 — — — — | — — — — — — | 5,74 6,65 8,38 10,54 12,70 15,49 | PN PU — — — — | PN PU — — — — | PN PU P P P P | PN PU — — — — | PN PU P P P P | PN PU P P P P | — — — — — — |
| 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 | 12.60 15.20 17.00 18.90 21.50 23.70 26.10 | 12.75 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 18,75 22,62 25,30 28,13 32,00 35,27 38,84 | 18,97 | 6,88 8,56 9,65 10,92 12,70 14,22 16,00 | PNU | PNU | PNU P P P P P P | PNU — — — — — — | PNU P P P P P P | PNU P P P P P P | |||
| P = Mapeto osavuta, N = Ulusi wosasokonezeka ndi wolumikizidwa, U = Ulusi wosokonekera ndi wolumikizidwa wakunja, I = Cholumikizira Chogwirizana. | |||||||||||||||
| ♦ Mizere yolunjika, ulusi ndi cholumikizira (mzere 2, 3, 4) zikuwonetsedwa kuti zidziwike zokha. ♦ Kuchulukana kwa zitsulo za martensitic chromium (mitundu ya L80 9Cr ndi 13Cr) ndi kosiyana ndi zitsulo za kaboni. Chifukwa chake, kulemera komwe kwawonetsedwa sikulondola pazitsulo za martensitic chromium. Chida chowongolera kuchuluka kwa 0,989 chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. ♦ Mapaipi osagwedezeka amapezeka ndi ma coupling okhazikika kapena ma coupling apadera a bevel. Mapaipi otsekedwa akunja amapezeka ndi ma coupling okhazikika, apadera, kapena apadera. | |||||||||||||||
Standard & Giredi
Chikwama ndi mapaipi Magiredi Oyenera:
API 5CT J55,K55,L80, N80,P110, C90, T95, H40
Mapeto a chitoliro cha API 5CT ndi mapaipi a chubu:
(STC) Chikwama cha ulusi waufupi wozungulira
(LC) Chikwama cha ulusi wautali wozungulira
(BC) Chikwama cha ulusi chokhazikika
(XC) Chikwama cha mzere wokulirapo
(NU)Machubu osasokoneza
(EU) Mapaipi otseguka akunja
(IJ) Integral joint chubu
Chikwama ndi chubu ziyenera kuperekedwa motsatira zomwe zili pamwambapa mogwirizana ndi muyezo wa API5CT / API Standards.
Kuwongolera Ubwino
Kuyang'ana Zinthu Zopangira, Kusanthula Mankhwala, Kuyesa kwa Makina, Kuyang'anira Kuwona, Kuyesa Kupsinjika, Kuyang'ana Miyeso, Kuyesa Kupindika, Kuyesa Kuphwanyika, Kuyesa Kukhudza, Kuyesa Kwamphamvu, Kuyesa kwa DWT, Kuyesa kwa NDT, Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic, Kuyesa Kuuma…..
Kulemba, Kupaka utoto musanapereke.
Kulongedza ndi Kutumiza
Njira yopakira mapaipi achitsulo imaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kuyika m'magulu, kukulunga, kulumikiza, kuyika zilembo, kuyika mapaleti (ngati kuli kofunikira), kuyika m'mabokosi, kuyika, kutseka, kunyamula, ndi kumasula. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaipi achitsulo ndi zolumikizira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopakira. Njira yonseyi imatsimikizira kuti mapaipi achitsulo amatumizidwa ndikufika komwe akupita ali bwino, okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito & Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Mapaipi achitsulo ndi maziko a uinjiniya wamakono wa mafakitale ndi zomangamanga, zomwe zimathandiza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandiza pakukula kwa anthu ndi chuma padziko lonse lapansi.
Mapaipi achitsulo ndi zolumikizira zomwe Womic Steel amapanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mapaipi amafuta, gasi, mafuta ndi madzi, gombe/kunja, mapulojekiti omanga ndi kumanga, kukumba, chitsulo chomangira, kuyika zipilala ndi mapulojekiti omanga mlatho, komanso machubu achitsulo olondola opangira ma conveyor roller, ndi zina zotero...











