Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
Casing ndi machubu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafuta ndi gasi, Casing ndi chubu ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakampani amafuta ndi gasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ndi kutumiza ma hydrocarbons (mafuta ndi gasi) kuchokera kumadziwe apansi panthaka kupita pamwamba.Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo, kukhulupirika, komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera pakubowola ndi kupanga.
Tubing ndi mtundu wa mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mafuta osakhwima ndi gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera pagawo lamafuta kapena gasi kupita pansi kukumba kukamaliza.Tubing amatha kulola kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yochotsa.Tubing amapangidwa mofanana ndi casing, koma ndondomeko yotchedwa "upsetting" ndiyofunikanso kuti muyimitse chitoliro cha chubu.
Chophimbacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mabowo omwe adakumbidwa pansi kuti apange mafuta.Zogwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi chitoliro chobowola, mapaipi osungira mafuta amalolanso kupanikizika kwa axial, kotero kuti chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri chimafunika.Makaseti a OCTG ndi mapaipi akulu akulu omwe amamangidwira mubowo.
Zofotokozera
| API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| API 5CT: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110 |
| API 5D: E75, X95, G105, S135 |
| EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
| ASTM A106: G.A, GR.B, GR.C |
| ASTM A53/A53M: G.A, GR.B |
| ASTM A335: P1, P2, 95, P9, P11P22, P23, P91, P92, P122 |
| ASTM A333: Gr.1, Gr.3, Gr.4, Gr.6, Gr.7, Gr.8, Gr.9.Gr.10, Gr.11 |
| DIN 2391: St30Al, St30Si, St35, St45, St52 |
| DIN EN 10216-1: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
| JIS G3454: STPG 370, STPG 410 |
| JIS G3456: STPT 370, STPT 410, STPT 480 |
| GB/T 8163: 10 #, 20 #, Q345 |
| GB/T 8162: 10 #, 20 #, 35 #, 45 #, Q345 |
Mndandanda wa ISO/API Steel Casing list
| Zolembaa | Kunja awiri D mm | Mwadzina mzere misab, c T&C kg/m | Khoma makulidwe t mm | Mtundu womaliza | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | j55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Mtundu 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 | 9.50 10.50 11.60 13.50 15.10 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 14, 14 15,63 17, 26 20,09 22,47 | 5, 21 5,69 6,35 7, 37 8,56 | PS - - - - | PS PSB Chithunzi cha PSLB - - | PS PSB PLB PLB - | - - PLB PLB - | - - PLB PLB - | - - PLB PLB - | - - PLB PLB PLB | - - - - PLB |
| 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 | 11.50 13.00 15.00 18.00 21.40 23.20 24.10 | 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 | 17, 11 19,35 22,32 26,79 31,85 34,53 35,86 | 5,59 6,43 7,52 9, 19 11, 10 12, 14 12,70 | - - - - - - - | PS Chithunzi cha PSLB Zithunzi za PSLBE - - - - | PS Chithunzi cha PSLB PLB PLB PLB - - | - - PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | - - PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | - - PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | - - PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | - - - PLBE PLB PLB PLB |
| 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 | 14.00 15.50 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.80 29.70 32.60 35.30 38.00 40.50 43.10 | 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 | 20,83 23,07 25,30 29,76 34, 23 39,88 44,20 48,51 52,53 56,55 60,27 64, 14 | 6,20 6,98 7,72 9, 17 10,54 12,70 14, 27 15,88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22, 22 | PS | PS Zithunzi za PSLBE Zithunzi za PSLBE | PS Chithunzi cha PSLB PLB PLB PLB | - - PLBE PLBE PLBE - - - - - - - | PLBE PLBE PLBE | PLBE PLBE PLBE P P P P P P P | PLBE PLBE PLBE | - - - - PLBE - - - - - - |
| 6-5/8 6-5/8 6-5/8 6-5/8 | 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 | 168,28 168,28 168,28 168,28 | 29,76 35,72 41,67 47,62 | 7,32 8,94 10,59 12,06 | PS - - | Chithunzi cha PSLB Zithunzi za PSLBE - | Chithunzi cha PSLB PLB PLB - | - PLBE PLBE PLBE | - PLBE PLBE PLBE | - PLBE PLBE PLBE | - PLBE PLBE PLBE | - - PLBE |
| 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 | 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.00 29.00 32.00 35.00 38.00 42.70 46.40 50.10 53.60 57.10 | 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 | 25,30 29,76 34, 23 38,69 43, 16 47,62 52,09 56,55 63,54 69,05 74,56 79,77 84,97 | 5,87 6,91 8,05 9, 19 10,36 11,51 12,65 13,72 15,88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22, 22 | PS PS - - - - - - - - - - - | - PS Zithunzi za PSLBE Zithunzi za PSLBE - - - - - - - - - | - PS PLB PLB PLB PLB - - - - - - - | - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE - - - - - | - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE - - - - - | - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE P P P P P | - - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE - - - - - | - - - - - - PLBE PLBE - - - - - |
| Onani zolemba kumapeto kwa tebulo. | ||||||||||||
| Zolembaa | Kunja awiri D mm | Mwadzina mzere misab, c T&C kg/m | Khoma makulidwe t mm | Mtundu womaliza | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | j55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Mtundu 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 | 24.00 26.40 29.70 33.70 39.00 42.80 45.30 47.10 51.20 55.30 | 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 | 35,72 39, 29 44,20 50, 15 58,04 63,69 67,41 70,09 76, 19 82,30 | 7,62 8,33 9,52 10,92 12,70 14, 27 15, 11 15,88 17,45 19,05 | PS | Zithunzi za PSLBE | Chithunzi cha PSLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB P P | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLB PLB PLB |
| 7-3/4 | 46.10 | 19,685 | 6,860 | 1,511 | - | - | - | P | P | P | P | P |
| 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 | 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 44.00 49.00 | 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 | 35,72 41,67 47,62 53,57 59,53 65,48 72,92 | 6,71 7,72 8,94 10, 16 11,43 12,70 14, 15 | PS PS - - - - | PS - Zithunzi za PSLBE Zithunzi za PSLBE - - - | PS PS Chithunzi cha PSLB Chithunzi cha PSLB PLB - - | - - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | - - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | - - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | - - - - PLBE PLBE PLBE | - - - - - - PLBE |
| 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 | 32.30 36.00 40.00 43.50 47.00 53.50 58.40 59.40 64.90 70.30 75.60 | 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 | 48,07 53,57 59,53 64,73 69,94 79,62 86,91 88,40 96,58 104,62 112,50 | 7,92 8,94 10,03 11,05 11,99 13,84 15, 11 15,47 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS - - - - - - - - - | - Chithunzi cha PSLB Zithunzi za PSLBE - - - - - - - - | - Chithunzi cha PSLB Chithunzi cha PSLB PLB PLB - - - - - - | - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB - - - - | - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB - - - - | - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB P P P P | - - - PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB - - - - | - - - - PLBE PLBE PLB - - - - |
| 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 | 32.75 40.50 45.50 51.00 55.50 60.70 65.70 73.20 79.20 85.30 | 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 | 48,74 60,27 67,71 75,90 82,59 90,33 97,77 108,93 117,86 126,94 | 7,09 8,89 10, 16 11,43 12,57 13,84 15, 11 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS | PSB PSBE PSBE | PSB PSB PSB PSB | PSBE PSBE | PSBE PSBE | PSBE PSBE PSBE PSB P P P | PSBE PSBE PSBE PSB | PSBE PSB |
| 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 | 42.00 47.00 54.00 60.00 65.00 71.00 | 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 | 62,50 69,94 80, 36 89, 29 96,73 105,66 | 8,46 9,53 11,05 12,42 13,56 14,78 | PS - - - | PSB PSB PSB - - | PSB PSB PSB - - | - - PSB P P | - - PSB P P | - - PSB P P | - - PSB P P | - - PSB P P |
| 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 | 48.00 54.50 61.00 68.00 72.00 | 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 | 71,43 81,10 90,78 101,19 107,15 | 8, 38 9,65 10,92 12, 19 13,06 | PS - - - - | - PSB PSB PSB - | - PSB PSB PSB - | - - - PSB PSB | - - - PSB PSB | - - - PSB PSB | - - - PSB PSB | - - - - PSB |
| Onani zolemba kumapeto kwa tebulo. | ||||||||||||
| Zolembaa | Kunja awiri D mm | Mwadzina mzere misab, c T&C kg/m | Khoma makulidwe t mm | Mtundu womaliza | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | j55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Mtundu 1, Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 16 16 16 16 | 65.00 75.00 84.00 109.00 | 406,40 406,40 406,40 406,40 | 96,73 111,61 125,01 162,21 | 9,53 11, 13 12,57 16,66 | PS | PSB PSB P | PSB PSB | P | P | P | P | |
| 18-5/8 | 87.50 | 47,308 | 13,021 | 1,105 | PS | PSB | PSB | - | - | - | - | - |
| 20 20 20 | 94.00 106.50 133.00 | 508,00 508,00 508,00 | 139,89 158,49 197,93 | 11, 13 12,70 16, 13 | PSL - - | Chithunzi cha PSLB Chithunzi cha PSLB Chithunzi cha PSLB | Chithunzi cha PSLB Chithunzi cha PSLB - | - - - | - - - | - - - | - - - | - - - |
| P = Mapeto osavuta, S = Ulusi Waufupi wozungulira, L = Ulusi wautali wozungulira, B = Ulusi wa Buttress, E = Wapamwamba kwambiri. | ||||||||||||
| ♦ Malebulo ndi a chidziwitso ndi chithandizo pakuyitanitsa. ♦ Unyinji wa mizera, ulusi ndi wophatikizika (mgawo 2) amasonyezedwa kuti adziwe zambiri. ♦ Kuchulukana kwazitsulo za martensitic chromium (L80 mitundu 9Cr ndi 13Cr) ndizosiyana ndi zitsulo za carbon.Zochuluka zomwe zikuwonetsedwa sizolondola pazitsulo za martensitic chromium.Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa 0,989 kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. | ||||||||||||
| Zolemba | M'mimba mwake D mm | Mzere wosavuta misa kg/m | Khoma makulidwe t mm | |
| 1 | 2 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6-5/8 | 9.92 11.35 13.05 17.95 19.83 27.66 | 88,90 101,60 114,30 127,00 139,70 168,28 | 14,76 16,89 19,42 26,71 29,51 41, 18 | 7, 34 7, 26 7, 37 9, 19 9, 17 10,59 |
Mndandanda wa ISO/API Steel Tubing
| Zolemba | Kunja awiri D mm | Mwadzina liniya misandi, b | Khoma wandiweyani- ness t mm | Mtundu womalizac | |||||||||||
| Osakhala- khumudwa T&C kg/m | Zowonjezera. khumudwa T&C kg/m | Integ. pamodzi kg/m | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| NU T&C | EU T&C | IJ | H40 | j55 | L80 | N80 Mtundu 1, Q | C90 | T95 | P110 | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 | 2.40 2.75 3.65 4.42 5.15 | - 2.90 3.73 - - | 2.40 2.76 - - - | 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 | - 4,09 5,43 6,58 7,66 | - 4,32 5,55 - - | 3,57 4, 11 - - - | 3,18 3,68 5,08 6,35 7,62 | PI PNUI PU - - | PI PNUI PU - - | - PNUI PU P P | - PNUI PU - - | - PNUI PU P P | - PNUI PU P P | PU - - |
| 2.063 2.063 | 3.24 4.50 | - - | 3.25 - | 52,40 52,40 | - - | - - | 4,84 - | 3,96 5,72 | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | P |
| 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 | 4.00 4.60 5.80 6.60 7.35 | 4.70 5.95 7.45 | 60, 32 60, 32 60, 32 60, 32 60, 32 | 5,95 6,85 8,63 9,82 10,94 | 6,99 8,85 11,09 | 4, 24 4,83 6,45 7,49 8,53 | PN PNU | PN PNU | PN PNU PNU P PU | PN PNU PNU - - | PN PNU PNU P PU | PN PNU PNU P PU | PNU PNU | ||
| 2-7/8 2-7/8 2-7/8 2-7/8 | 6.40 7.80 8.60 9.35 | 6.50 7.90 8.70 9.45 | - - - | 73,02 73,02 73,02 73,02 | 9,52 11,61 12,80 13,91 | 9,67 11,76 12,95 14,06 | - - - | 5,51 7,01 7,82 8,64 | PNU - - | PNU - - | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU - | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU - |
| 2-7/8 2-7/8 | 10.50 11.50 | - | - | 73,02 73,02 | 15,63 17, 11 | - | - | 9,96 11, 18 | - | - | P P | - | P P | P P | - |
| 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 | 7.70 9.20 10.20 12.70 14.30 15.50 17.00 | - 9.30 - 12.95 - - - | - - - - - - - | 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 | 11,46 13,69 15, 18 18,90 21, 28 23,07 25,30 | - 13,84 - 19,27 - - - | - - - - - - - | 5,49 6,45 7, 34 9,52 10,92 12,09 13,46 | PN PNU PN - - - - | PN PNU PN - - - - | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | PN PNU PN PNU - - - | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | - PNU - PNU - - - |
| 4 4 4 4 4 4 | 9.50 10.70 13.20 16.10 18.90 22.20 | - 11.00 - - - - | - - - - - - | 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 | 14, 14 - 19,64 23,96 28, 13 33,04 | - 16,37 - - - - | - - - - - - | 5,74 6,65 8, 38 10,54 12,70 15,49 | PN PU - - - - | PN PU - - - - | PN PU P P P P | PN PU - - - - | PN PU P P P P | PN PU P P P P | - - - - - - |
| 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 | 12.60 15.20 17.00 18.90 21.50 23.70 26.10 | 12.75 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 18,75 22,62 25,30 28, 13 32,00 35, 27 38,84 | 18,97 | 6,88 8,56 9,65 10,92 12,70 14, 22 16,00 | PNU | PNU | PNU P P P P P P | PNU - - - - - - | PNU P P P P P P | PNU P P P P P P | |||
| P = Mapeto ang'onoang'ono, N = Osakhumudwitsidwa ndi ulusi wolumikizidwa, U = Kukhumudwa kwakunja kolumikizidwa ndi kulumikizidwa, I = Cholumikizira. | |||||||||||||||
| ♦ Unyinji wa mizera, ulusi ndi kugwirizana (kol. 2, 3, 4) zimasonyezedwa kuti mudziwe zambiri. ♦ Kuchulukana kwazitsulo za martensitic chromium (L80 mitundu 9Cr ndi 13Cr) ndizosiyana ndi zitsulo za carbon.Zochuluka zomwe zikuwonetsedwa sizolondola pazitsulo za martensitic chromium.Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa 0,989 kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. ♦ Machubu osakhumudwitsidwa amapezeka ndi kulumikizana pafupipafupi kapena ma bevel apadera.Machubu okhumudwa akunja amapezeka ndi zolumikizana pafupipafupi, zapadera, kapena zolumikizira zapadera. | |||||||||||||||
Standard & Giredi
Casing ndi tubing Standard Grades:
API 5CT J55,K55,L80, N80,P110, C90, T95, H40
API 5CT casing ndi chubu chitoliro chimatha:
(STC)Chotengera chachifupi chozungulira
(LC)Chotengera cha ulusi wautali
(BC) Chikwama cha ulusi wa Buttress
(XC) Chovala chamzere kwambiri
(NU) Machubu osasokoneza
(EU) Machubu osokonezeka akunja
(IJ) Machubu ophatikizana
Casing ndi chubu ziyenera kuperekedwa molingana ndi zolumikizira pamwambapa ndi muyezo wa API5CT / API Standards.
Njira Yopangira
Kuwongolera Kwabwino
Kuyang'ana Zinthu Zazikulu, Kusanthula Kwachindunji, Kuyesa Kwamakina, Kuyang'ana Kowoneka, Kuyesa Kwamphamvu, Kuwona kwa Dimension, Bend Test, Mayeso a Flattening, Impact Test, DWT Test, NDT Test, Hydrostatic Test, Hardness Test…..
Kulemba, Kujambula musanabadwe.
Kupaka & Kutumiza
Njira yopakira mapaipi achitsulo imaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kuyika magulu, kukulunga, kumanga, kusunga, kulemba zilembo, palletizing (ngati kuli kofunikira), kuyika zida, stowing, kusindikiza, mayendedwe, ndi kumasula.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaipi achitsulo ndi zoyikira ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolongedza.Njira yonseyi imatsimikizira kuti mapaipi achitsulo amatumizidwa ndikufika komwe akupita ali bwino, okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito & Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Mapaipi achitsulo amagwira ntchito ngati msana wa uinjiniya wamakono wamafakitale ndi wamba, kuthandizira ntchito zingapo zomwe zimathandizira chitukuko chamagulu ndi chuma padziko lonse lapansi.
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