Kufotokozera Kwachidule
Chogulitsa:Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda kutentha kwambiri cha 3.5% cha Nickel – ASTM A334 Giredi 3 (UNS K12021 / 3.5Ni), chokokedwa ndi kuzizira, chokhazikika bwino komanso chozizira mpweya kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kochepa.
Kufotokozera Kwachidule kwa Zamalonda:Womic Steel Group yakhazikitsa mphamvu zokhwima, zopangira zinthu zambiri za machubu opanda m'mimba mwake ang'onoang'ono, a 3.5Ni okhala ndi mainchesi ochulukirapo, otalika kwambiri - okhala ndi mainchesi 25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m kutalika kwake - akukwaniritsa zofunikira za ASTM A334 Grade 3 zolimba kutentha pang'ono mpaka -101°C. Mzere wopangirawu umayang'ana kwambiri kudalira kwakale kwa machubu a 3.5Ni okhala ndi mainchesi ochepa, otalika kwambiri. Chitsulo cha nickel cha 3.5% chimapereka kulimba kwabwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha kutentha mpaka -150°F (-101°C), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chofunikira kwambiri pa ma terminals a LNG, mayunitsi a ethylene cracker, zomera zolekanitsa mpweya, ndi mapulojekiti a polar.
M'mimba mwake wakunja kuyambira 10mm mpaka 610mm (yotenthedwa), makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 1.5mm mpaka 25.4mm, kutalika kwa single mpaka 24m. Kuchuluka kwa OD kozizira kojambulidwa: 6mm mpaka 89mm, ndi kulekerera kolimba kochepera ± 0.10mm.
Ili ndi nickel pafupifupi 3.5%, yokhala ndi kaboni wochepa, kapangidwe ka nickel kapamwamba kuti iwonjezere kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa ndikuletsa kuphulika kwa kutentha kochepa pa -101°C. Kapangidwe kabwino: C ≤0.19%, Mn 0.31-0.64%, Si 0.18-0.37%, Ni 3.18-3.82%, P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%.
3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Giredi 3) ili pakati pa chitsulo chokhazikika chotentha pang'ono Giredi 6 (-45°C) ndi chitsulo chapamwamba cha 9% Ni Giredi 8 (-196°C). Imagwira ntchito ngati yankho lotsika mtengo kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kuyambira -50°C mpaka -101°C.
Zimagwirizana ndi ASTM A334/A334M, ASME SA334, ASTM A333/A333M Giredi 3, komanso ASTM/ASME, PED, ndi NACE MR0175 (ngati zapemphedwa).
Mapaipi othandizira olandira LNG, mayunitsi a PDH (Propane Dehydrogenation), ma cracker a ethylene, mayunitsi olekanitsa mpweya, ndi ma platifomu apaipi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'madera okhala ndi nthaka ya polar.
Gulu la Zitsulo la Womicndi kampani yapadera yopanga machubu osasunthika otsika kutentha, mapaipi olondola ang'onoang'ono, ndi machubu osasunthika aatali kwambiri. Ndi zaka zoposa 20 zaukadaulo wojambula ozizira, machubu athu osasunthika a 3.5Ni a -101°C tsopano akupezeka kuti mugule zinthu zambiri. Zikalata za Mill, mayeso a 100% a ultrasonic ndi hydrostatic, kuzindikira zinthu zabwino, ndi malipoti owunikira athunthu okhala ndi kutsata kutentha kamodzi amaperekedwa. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi chipani chachitatu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) kumavomerezedwa. Mitengo yopikisana komanso kutumiza mwachangu.
Gawo 1: Chiyambi - Chifukwa Chiyani Machubu Opanda Msoko a 3.5Ni pa -101°C?
Kuyambira m'ma 1930, pamene dziko la United States linapanga koyamba chitsulo cha nickel cha 3.5% kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha pang'ono (pomaliza pake chinasinthidwa kukhala chofanana ndi ASTM A334/A334M ndi A333/A333M), Europe ndi Japan nawonso apanga mitundu yawo yachitsulo ya 3.5Ni. Zipangizozi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma ethylene crackers, LPG/LNG transport, feteleza, kukonza rabara, ndi mafakitale opangira gasi la malasha.
Chitsulo cha 3.5Ni ndi chitsulo chopanda mpweya woipa, chokhala ndi nickel yotsika kwambiri chokhala ndi nickel (Ni) pafupifupi 3.5%. Kudzera mu kusintha kapena kusintha ndi kutentha, chimapereka kapangidwe kabwino ka ferrite + bainite komanso kulimba kwabwino kwambiri pa kutentha kochepa. Ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ziwiya zopanikizika ndi mapaipi m'malo otentha kwambiri a -101°C.
Ku China, mbale zachitsulo za 3.5Ni ndi zomangira zapangidwa m'mafakitale okhwima komanso odalirika kwa zaka zambiri, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ntchito yabwino kwambiri yaukadaulo komanso yotsika mtengo ndi yotsika mtengo. Komabe, machubu opanda msoko — makamaka machubu ang'onoang'ono, aatali kwambiri a 3.5Ni — akhalabe ochepa.
Pofuna kudzaza kusiyana kwa makampaniwa, Womic Steel yakhazikitsa mzere wodzipangira wodzipereka pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake lalikulu popanga machubu opanda zingwe otentha kwambiri, kupanga molondola kwa mainchesi ang'onoang'ono, komanso ukadaulo wokoka wozizira wa chubu wautali kwambiri. Pambuyo pakupanga njira mwadongosolo komanso kutsimikizika kwa machubu ambiri, machubu athu opanda zingwe a 25mm OD x 2mm WT x 22m ataliatali kwambiri a 3.5Ni adayamba kupanga zinthu zambiri, ndipo gulu loyamba linaperekedwa mu Epulo kwa wopanga zida zazikulu zapakhomo. Machubuwa adzagwiritsidwa ntchito mu projekiti ya Russian Arctic Circle.
Mayeso ovomerezeka mdziko lonse adatsimikiza kuti zizindikiro zonse zofunika kwambiri - kuphatikizapo kutentha kochepa kwa -101°C Charpy zimakhudza kulimba, mphamvu zomangira kutentha kwa chipinda, kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, ndi kutha kwa pamwamba - zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ASTM A334 Giredi 3 ndipo ndizofanana kwathunthu ndi miyezo yapamwamba yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Gawo 2: Kusanthula kwa Magiredi Oyerekeza - Kusankha Chitsulo Choyenera Chotentha Kwambiri
Mapaipi opanda zitsulo zotayidwa bwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zotentha kwambiri ndi monga ASTM A333/A334 Magiredi 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, ndi 11. Pakati pawo, Magiredi 3, 4, 7, ndi 8 ndi omwe amatchulidwa kwambiri pa ntchito yotsika kutentha kwapakati komanso kotentha kwambiri. Kusankha zipangizo zoyenera kumadalira kutentha kochepa komwe kumafunika, kuthamanga kwa kapangidwe, ndi bajeti.
Tebulo lotsatirali likupereka kufananiza kwathunthu kwa mitundu yayikulu ya chitsulo chotentha pang'ono, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, mawonekedwe a makina (kulimba ndi mphamvu ya zokolola), ndi ntchito zazikulu. Kufananiza kumeneku kudzathandiza kufotokozera bwino momwe msika ulili wa chitsulo cha 3.5Ni (ASTM A334 Giredi 3) poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zina.
Tebulo: Kuyerekeza kwa ASTM A333/A334 Chitsulo Chotentha Kwambiri
| Kusankhidwa kwa Giredi | Kutentha Kochepa kwa Utumiki | Zamkatimu | Mphamvu Yokoka (mphindi) | Mphamvu Yopereka (mphindi) | Kutalikitsa | Mtundu & Mapulogalamu Ofunika |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Giredi 6 | -45°C (-50°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Chitsulo cha Manganese Chopanda Mpweya Wochepa. Chodziwika bwino komanso chotsika mtengo. Kusamalira madzi, kuziziritsa nthawi zonse, mapaipi ozizira. |
| Giredi 3 (3.5Ni) | -101°C (-150°F) | 3.18-3.82% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% (L) / ≥20% (T) | Chitsulo cha Nickel cha 3.5%. Chotsika mtengo kuyambira -50°C mpaka -101°C. Mayunitsi a PDH, zomera za ethylene, mayunitsi olekanitsa mpweya, mapaipi a Arctic. |
| Giredi 4 | -101°C (-150°F) | ≤0.5% | ≥415 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Chitsulo cha Carbon Chophedwa. Kapangidwe ka matrix kamene kali ndi ferrite yochepa. Kulimba kochepa kwa kutentha poyerekeza ndi 3.5Ni. |
| Giredi 7 | -73°C (-100°F) | 2.0-2.5% | ≥450 MPa | ≥240 MPa | ≥30% | Chitsulo cha Nickel cha 2.5%. Chitsulo chapakati pakati pa Giredi 6 ndi Giredi 3. |
| Giredi 8 (9Ni) | -196°C (-320°F) | 8.4-9.6% | ≥690 MPa | ≥515 MPa | ≥22% | Chitsulo cha Nikeli cha 9%. Kulimba kwabwino kwambiri komanso kotsika kwambiri kutentha. Mapaipi akuluakulu a LNG (-162°C). |
| Giredi 11 (Kulimba Kwambiri) | -196°C. Yofanana ndi Gr.8 | Zofanana ndi Gr.8 | Zofanana ndi Gr.8 | Zofanana ndi Gr.8 | Zofanana ndi Gr.8 | Yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe sizitentha kwambiri. |
Gawo 3: Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala - Kulamulira Kolimba kwa ASTM A334 Giredi 3 Kugwirizana
Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lokhwima komanso lotsimikizika ndi mbale yachitsulo ya 3.5Ni ndi machubu osapindika osasunthika, Womic Steel yakhazikitsa mitundu yolimba ya mankhwala makamaka yogwiritsira ntchito chubu chaching'ono chokokedwa ndi ozizira. Izi zimatsimikizira kulimba kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kusunga kukhazikika kwa kupanga kozizira.
| Chinthu | ASTM A334 Gr.3 (Yofunikira/Yowonjezera) | Cholinga cha Kapangidwe ka Chitsulo cha Womic | Kusanthula kwa Ladle Yeniyeni ya Womic Steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kaboni (C) | ≤0.19% | 0.06 – 0.09% | 0.07% |
| Silikoni (Si) | 0.18 – 0.37% | 0.18 – 0.33% | 0.24% |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.31 – 0.64% | 0.45 – 0.60% | 0.51% |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.010% | 0.004% |
| Sulfure (S) | ≤0.025% | ≤0.005% | 0.001% |
| Nikeli (Ni) | 3.18 – 3.82% | 3.30 – 3.70% | 3.40% |
*Kuphatikiza kwa mpweya wochepa (C ≤0.19%), phosphorous ndi sulfure zochepa kwambiri (P ≤0.025%, S ≤0.025%), ndi kuwonjezera kwa nickel kwa 3.18-3.82% molondola kumachotsa chiopsezo cha kuphulika kwa kutentha kochepa pa -101°C, pamene ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za ASTM A334 Gr.3 zamakemikolo ndi zamakaniko ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuzizira kukugwira ntchito bwino panthawi yojambula.*
Gawo 4: Katundu wa Makina - Kutsatira Kovomerezeka kwa ASTM A334 Giredi 3
Kapangidwe ka makina kanayesedwa pa chubu cha mayi (kukhuthala kwa khoma lonse) ndi chubu chomalizidwa (pamwamba) pambuyo pa kutentha kofanana, ndi zitsanzo zomwe zinatengedwa kuchokera ku gulu lokhazikika lopangira.
Kutentha kwa Chipinda Katundu Wolimba
| Katundu | Chofunikira cha ASTM A334 Gr.3 | Womic Steel Real (Kupanga Kwachizolowezi) |
|---|---|---|
| Mphamvu Yopereka (kuchotsera kwa 0.2%) | ≥240 MPa | 330 – 360 MPa |
| Kulimba kwamakokedwe | ≥450 MPa | 520 – 550 MPa |
| Kutalika (kwakutali) | ≥30% | 32 - 36% |
| Kutalika (kupingasa) | ≥20% | 26 - 30% |
| Kuuma (HB) | ≤190 | 160 - 175 |
Kapangidwe ka Metallographic
Pambuyo pokonza kutentha bwino pa ≥845°C kenako ndikuziziritsa mpweya, chubu chomalizidwacho chinali ndi kapangidwe kabwino ka ferrite + bainite kokhala ndi kukula kwa tirigu pafupifupi ASTM No. 10 (tirigu woyengedwa bwino), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale kotsika kwambiri.
-101°C Kutentha Kochepa Charpy Impact Kulimba
Popeza kuyesa mwachindunji mphamvu ya chubu chopyapyala chomalizidwa (25x2mm) sikungatheke malinga ndi machitidwe wamba (chitsanzo chaching'ono kwambiri), Womic Steel idatenga zitsanzo za chubu cha mayi zomwe zili ndi kutentha komweko, ndikuziyika mu kutentha kofanana ndi machubu omalizidwa, kenako ndikuziyika mu zitsanzo zazing'ono za Charpy V-notch za 2.5x10x55mm. Kuyesa mphamvu ya chubucho kunachitika pa kutentha kotsika kwambiri kwa -117°C, kupitirira zomwe zimafunika pa kapangidwe ka -101°C, kuti awonetse chitetezo chokwanira.
| Kutentha kwa Mayeso | Chitsanzo 1 | Chitsanzo 2 | Chitsanzo 3 | Kufunika kwa ASTM (2.5mm subsize) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -117°C | 32J | 33J | 35J | Avereji yocheperako ≥5J; imodzi ≥4J |
Zotsatira za mayeso a kukhudzidwa zimaposa zofunikira zochepa za ASTM, zomwe zikuwonetsa kulimba kwapadera kwa chipangizocho kutentha kochepa komanso chitetezo chokwanira kupitirira kutentha kwa -101°C komwe kumayesedwa.
Gawo 5: Njira Yopangira - Kujambula Kozizira Kokhwima ndi Kuchiza Kutentha kwa Machubu Ang'onoang'ono Otalikirapo
Womic Steel imapanga machubu opanda msoko a 3.5Ni otentha pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira yopangidwa bwino kwambiri yomwe imakonzedwa bwino kwambiri pazinthu zazing'ono, zazitali kwambiri, komanso zomaliza pamwamba:
- Kusungunula Ng'anjo ya Arc yamagetsi + Kuyeretsa ziwiya + Kuchotsa mpweya m'malo otayira mpweya:Zimaonetsetsa kuti mpweya, mpweya, ndi nayitrogeni zili zochepa kwambiri, komanso kuti zisawononge kwambiri chemistry (P ≤0.005%, S ≤0.001%).
- Kuponya Kosalekeza + Kuzungulira kwa Maluwa:Amapanga mabowo apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi machubu okhala ndi phokoso labwino mkati.
- Kuboola Motentha (Kuboola Mtanda):Ma billets amatenthedwa mu ng'anjo yoyendera ndipo amabowoledwa m'zipolopolo zolemera zopanda kanthu pakhoma kutentha koyenera; kusinthasintha kwake kumachepa.
- Kuyenda Mozizira / Kujambula Kozizira– Ma pass angapo (okhala ndi intermediate annealing): Iyi ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera machubu aatali kwambiri. Pa kukula komaliza kwa 25x2mm, njirayi nthawi zambiri imafuna ma pass atatu okonzedwa bwino ozizira, ndipo pass iliyonse imagwira ntchito yolimbitsa zinthuzo. Pakati pa ma pass, machubuwo amadutsa intermediate annealing kuti abwezeretse kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ndikuletsa ming'alu yolimba.
- Kusakaniza kwa Yankho (Kusintha):Zimachitidwa mu uvuni wolamulidwa pa ≥845°C, kenako kuziziritsa mpweya kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa ntchito yozizira ndikukonzanso kapangidwe kake.
- Kuwongola:Kuwongolera ma roller molondola kumatsimikizira kuti kulekerera kulunjika kwa ≤1.5mm pa mita imodzi.
- Kudula Motalika ndi Kutsiriza Kumaliza:Macheka odulira odulira amakwaniritsa kulondola kwakukulu; malekezero amachotsedwa kapena kudulidwa ngati pakufunika.
- 100% NDT, Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic, ndi Kulemba:Chubu chilichonse chimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound, eddy current imayesedwa, ndipo kuthamanga kumayesedwa musanayike mphamvu yomaliza.
- Gawo lomaliza lakwaniritsidwa:24.96 – 25.05mm OD × 2.04 – 2.16mm WT × 22m kutalika. ID ndi OD roughness pamwamba ≤1.4μm Ra, ikukwaniritsa khalidwe la chubu chosinthira kutentha cha Giredi 1 malinga ndi NB/T 47019.1-2021 (kumaliza kwa pamwamba pa sub micrometer).
Gawo 6: Kuwongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa - Kutsimikizira Kwathunthu kwa Magwiridwe Antchito
Gulu lililonse lopanga machubu opanda msoko a 3.5Ni kutentha kochepa limayesedwa motsatira miyezo ya ASTM A334/A334M:2021.
Zikalata:Satifiketi Yoyesera ya Mill malinga ndi EN 10204 Mtundu 3.1. Mtundu 3.2 wokhala ndi mboni ya chipani chachitatu (SGS/BV/DNV/TÜV) ulipo ngati upemphedwa.
Kugwirizana kwa gulu lililonse:Womic Steel imasunga zolemba zambiri za chiwerengero chilichonse cha kutentha ndi gulu lililonse, kuonetsetsa kuti chubu chilichonse chomalizidwa chikutsatira bwino.
Gawo 7: Mapulogalamu – Kumene 3.5Ni ASTM A334 Giredi 3 Tubes Excel
Machubu opanda msoko a 3.5Ni osasunthika kutentha kochepa amapangidwira kuti azigwira ntchito modalirika kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa -45°C mpaka -101°C, kudzaza kusiyana pakati pa zinthu za Giredi 6 ndi zinthu za Giredi 8 zodula kwambiri za 9% Ni.
Chubu cha 3.5Ni chimagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chotsika mtengo kwambiri pa kutentha kwapakati pa -50°C (Giredi 6) ndi -196°C (Giredi 9 Ni 8), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale yankho lodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa kwa petrochemical.
Gawo 8: N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kusankha Chitsulo cha Womic pa Machubu Opanda Mpweya Wotentha Kwambiri a 3.5Ni?
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Lumikizanani ndi Womic Steel
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, thandizo laukadaulo, kapena kupempha mtengo wa chubu chanu chotentha cha 3.5Ni chomwe chili ndi kutentha pang'ono pansi pa ASTM A334 Giredi 3 (kapena magiredi ena otentha pang'ono), chonde titumizireni mwachindunji.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-24-2026