1. Chitsulo cha Womic: Mphamvu Zopangira & Mphamvu ya Kampani Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha API 5L X52 ERW
Womic Steel Group ndi kampani yopanga zinthu zapamwamba komanso yotumiza kunja padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi zaka zoposa 20 zaukadaulo popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni, aloyi, ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Malo athu opangira mapaipi a ERW apamwamba kwambiri ali ndi mphamvu yopangira zinthu zopitilira matani 15,000 pamwezi za mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kukula kwa Kupanga kwa Chitoliro cha ERW X52:M'mimba mwake wakunja kuyambira 60.3mm mpaka 610mm (mainchi awiri mpaka 24) ndi makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 4.0mm mpaka 19.1mm (Ndandanda 10 mpaka Ndandanda 80). Kutalika kwapadera kwa 6m, kutalika kawiri kwapadera kwa 12m, kapena kutalika kosinthidwa ngati pakufunika.
Zitsimikizo Zaubwino & Kutsatira Malamulo:
ISO 9001:2015 Satifiketi:Dongosolo loyang'anira khalidwe labwino likuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zikuyenda bwino nthawi zonse.
Chilolezo cha API 5L Monogram:Ovomerezeka kupanga chitoliro cha mzere wa API 5L, kusonyeza kudzipereka ku miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yamakampani pa mapaipi otumizira mafuta ndi gasi.
Kulemba kwa CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Kutsatira malangizo a European Pressure Equipment Directive kuti pakhale kuchotsera bwino katundu wa kasitomu mkati mwa EEA. DoP inapereka malamulo ofanana ndi EN.
Chitsimikizo cha EN 10204 3.2:Satifiketi Yoyendera 3.2 yovomerezedwa ndi TÜV, LR, BV, kapena SGS pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimafuna kutsatiridwa kwathunthu.
Kuvomerezedwa kwa Kuyang'anira kwa Gulu Lachitatu (TPI):Zogulitsa ndi njira zovomerezeka ndi SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, ndi TÜV kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulu a mapulojekiti akunja omwe amalamulidwa ndi anthu.
Zitsimikizo Zowonjezera:ISO 14001, ISO 45001, NORSOK M-650, NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ya ntchito zosamalira anthu.
Zivomerezo Zokhudza Makasitomala:Kuwunika nthawi zonse mafakitale kwa makontrakitala akuluakulu a EPC, ma NOC, ndi makampani opanga mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuzindikirika Padziko Lonse:Womic Steel ndi kampani yodalirika yopereka mphamvu ku makampani opanga magetsi a Fortune 500 komanso makontrakitala apadziko lonse a EPC, omwe akutumikira mayiko oposa 80 ku Southeast Asia, Europe, Middle East, Africa, ndi America.
2. Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha API 5L X52 ERW: Kapangidwe ka Zinthu & Makhalidwe Abwino
API 5L X52 (yomwe imatchedwanso L360 pansi pa ISO 3183) ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri chomwe chimapangidwa makamaka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pa mapaipi otumizira mafuta ndi gasi. "X" ikutanthauza "X42, X52, X65" imasonyeza mphamvu yocheperako ya zokolola mu makilogram pa inchi imodzi (KSI). Chifukwa chake, X52 ili ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya zokolola ya 52,000 psi (pafupifupi 360 MPa). Dzina la "L360" pansi pa muyezo wa ISO likuyimira chinthu chomwecho chokhala ndi mphamvu yochuluka ya 360 MPa.
Poyerekeza ndi magiredi otsika monga GR.B (35,000 psi yield) ndi X42 (42,000 psi yield), X52 imapereka mphamvu zambiri pamene ikupitirizabe kusinthasintha bwino komanso kulimba. Kulinganiza kumeneku kumapangitsa X52 kukhala giredi yodziwika bwino kwambiri pamapulojekiti a mapaipi apakati padziko lonse lapansi komanso akunja. X52 imapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pamapaipi omwe amagwira ntchito pamavuto ofika pa 1,500 psi, kutengera makulidwe a khoma ndi kukula kwake.
Chitoliro cha Zitsulo cha API 5L X52 ERW Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala (Kusanthula kwa Ndevu, % ndi kulemera):
| Chinthu | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | Nb | V | Ti | Al |
| PSL1 % Yokwanira | 0.28 | — | 1.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — | — | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.04 | — |
| PSL2 % Yokwanira | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.060 |
*Dziwani: Zofunikira za PSL2 zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ndi malire ochepa a kaboni, phosphorous, ndi sulfure. Kuwonjezera zinthu zazing'ono zopangira (Niobium, Vanadium, Titanium) kumawongolera kapangidwe ka tirigu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu komanso kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa. PSL2 imafunanso miyezo yofanana ndi kaboni yolamulidwa (CE): CE(IIW) ≤ 0.43% ya msoko wopanda msoko ndi ≤ 0.43% ya mapaipi olumikizidwa okhala ndi makulidwe a khoma ≤ 19mm.*
Chitoliro cha Zitsulo cha API 5L X52 ERW Katundu wa Makina (Kutentha kwa Chipinda):
| Katundu | Chofunikira cha PSL1 | Chofunikira cha PSL2 |
| Mphamvu Yotulutsa (ReH / Rt0.5) | 52,000 - 77,000 psi (360 - 530 MPa) | 52,000 - 77,000 psi (360 - 530 MPa) |
| Mphamvu Yolimba (Rm) | ≥ 66,000 psi (≥ 460 MPa) | ≥ 66,000 psi (≥ 460 MPa) |
| Chiŵerengero (Zokolola/Zokoka) | Palibe malire enieni | ≤ 0.93 |
| Kutalika (Mphindi imodzi) | Kuwerengedwa pa fomula iliyonse | Kuwerengedwa pa fomula iliyonse |
| Kuuma (HRC / HV) | Palibe chofunikira | ≤ 27 HRC / ≤ 250 HV10 |
*Zindikirani: PSL2 ikupereka zofunikira zina kuphatikizapo chiŵerengero chachikulu cha yield-to-tensile ratio cha 0.93, malire apamwamba a kuuma kwa ntchito zotsekemera, komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya Charpy V-Notch. Pa PSL2, mphamvu yocheperako ya impact ndi 40J (average) ndi 30J (munthu aliyense) pa 0°C pa chitoliro, weld, ndi HAZ.*
Chitoliro cha Zitsulo cha API 5L X52 ERW Katundu Wotsika Pakutentha Kwambiri (Charpy V-Notch) - PSL2:
| Malo Oyesera | Kutentha | Mphamvu Yapakati (Yochepa) | Mphamvu ya Munthu Payekha (Mphindi) |
| Thupi la Chitoliro (Longitudinal) | 0°C | Ma Joule 40 | Ma Joule 30 |
| Chitsulo Chosungunula (Chopingasa) | 0°C | Ma Joule 40 | Ma Joule 30 |
| Malo Okhudzidwa ndi Kutentha (HAZ) | 0°C | Ma Joule 40 | Ma Joule 30 |
| Njira Yotumikira Yopanda Thanzi | -10°C kapena kutsika | Monga tafotokozera | Monga tafotokozera |
*Zindikirani: Pa ntchito zoyezera kutentha (kukana kwa HIC/SSC), kuyesa mphamvu pa kutentha kotsika (-10°C, -20°C, kapena -46°C) ndi zoletsa zina zolimbitsa (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10) ndizofunikira malinga ndi Annex H ya API 5L.*
Chitoliro cha Zitsulo cha API 5L X52 ERW Malire Ofanana ndi Kaboni (PSL2):
| Kukhuthala kwa Khoma | CE (IIW) Pazipita | CET Maximum |
| t ≤ 19mm (0.748") | 0.43% | 0.25% |
| 19mm < t ≤ 40mm (1.575") | 0.43% | 0.25% |
| t > 40mm | Mwa mgwirizano | Mwa mgwirizano |
Zindikirani: Chofanana ndi mpweya wochepa chimatsimikizira kusinthasintha bwino m'munda popanda kutentha pakhoma lalikulu, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zoyika ndi nthawi.
3. API 5L X52 ERW Steel Pipe Dimensional Range & Standards Compliance
Womic Steel imapereka mapaipi a API 5L X52 ERW pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mogwirizana ndi miyezo ya API 5L 46th Edition ndi ISO 3183.
| Chinthu | Kufotokozera |
| Muyezo | API 5L 46th Edition / ISO 3183 |
| Mulingo Wofotokozera Zamalonda | PSL1 (Yamba) / PSL2 (Yowonjezeredwa) |
| Giredi | X52 (L360) |
| Njira Yopangira | Kuwotcherera kwa Magetsi Okana Kugwira Ntchito (ERW) / Kuwotcherera kwa Ma Frequency Ambiri (HFW) |
| Kunja kwa Makulidwe Aakulu | 60.3mm – 610mm (mainchi awiri – mainchesi 24) |
| Makulidwe a Wall | 4.0mm – 19.1mm (Ndandanda 10 – Ndandanda 80) |
| Utali | 6m (SR), 12m (DR), kapena kutalika kwapadera mpaka 18m |
| Mapeto Omaliza | Mapeto Opanda Ulusi (PE) / Mapeto Opindika (BE) / Olumikizidwa ndi Ulusi ndi Olumikizidwa (T&C) |
| Kumaliza Pamwamba | Wopanda kanthu / Wopaka Mafuta / Wakuda Wokutidwa / 3PE / FBE / Wopangidwa ndi Galvanized |
4. Miyeso ndi Mafotokozedwe Omwe Akupezeka - Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha ERW
| NB | Kukula | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 |
Dziwani: Kupezeka kwa makulidwe a khoma kumatha kusiyana kutengera kukula kwa chitoliro ndi luso lopanga. Miyeso yapadera kunja kwa mtundu uwu imapezeka mukapempha.
5. Miyezo Yofanana ya Mapaipi a Chitsulo cha ERW Yopangidwa ndi Womic Steel
| Muyezo | Magiredi Okhazikika | Ntchito Yachizolowezi |
| API 5L (Kufotokozera kwa Chitoliro cha Mzere) | ||
| API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | GR.B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70 | Kutumiza mafuta ndi gasi, mapaipi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja/kunja kwa nyanja |
| Chitoliro cha Mzere wa ASTM & Chitoliro Chomangira | ||
| ASTM A53 (Kufotokozera kwa Chitoliro, Chitsulo, Chakuda ndi Choviikidwa ndi Moto, Chokutidwa ndi Zinc, Cholukidwa ndi Chopanda Msoko) | GR.A, GR.B | Madzi, gasi, nthunzi, mpweya, kapangidwe kake |
| ASTM A135 (Kufotokozera kwa Chitoliro cha Chitsulo Cholimba ndi Cholimba ndi Magetsi) | GR.A, GR.B | Ntchito za madzi, gasi, nthunzi, ndi mafakitale oyeretsera |
| ASTM A252 (Kufotokozera kwa Mapaipi a Chitsulo Osenda ndi Opanda Msoko) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Kuyika maziko, kuyika m'madzi, maziko a mlatho |
| ASTM A500 (Kufotokozera kwa Machubu Opangidwa ndi Chitsulo cha Carbon Chozizira Chopangidwa ndi Wofewa komanso Chopanda Msoko) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Mapaipi omangira nyumba, mafelemu omangira nyumba, milatho |
| ASTM A501 (Kufotokozera kwa Machubu Opangidwa ndi Chitsulo cha Carbon Chotentha Chopangidwa ndi Wofewa komanso Chopanda Msoko) | GR.A, GR.B | Ntchito zolemera zomangira, mizati, ma trusses |
| Chosinthira Boiler ndi Kutentha cha ASTM (ERW) | ||
| ASTM A178 (Kufotokozera kwa Chitsulo cha Carbon Cholimba ndi Cholimba ndi Machubu a Boiler a Chitsulo cha Carbon-Manganese) | Giredi A, C, D | Machubu a boiler, machubu a superheater |
| ASTM A214 (Mafotokozedwe a Chitsulo cha Carbon Chotenthetsera ndi Machubu a Condenser Osagonjetsedwa ndi Magetsi) | — | Zosinthira kutentha, zoziziritsa kutentha |
| ASTM A250 (Mafotokozedwe a Boiler ya Chitsulo cha Ferritic Alloy Chosagwira Ntchito ndi Magetsi ndi Machubu a Superheater) | T1, T2, T5, T9, T11, T22 | Boiler yotentha kwambiri komanso superheater |
| ASTM A334 (Mafotokozedwe a Machubu a Kaboni ndi Chitsulo Chopanda Msoko ndi Cholumikizidwa cha Utumiki Wotentha Kwambiri) | GR.1, GR.3, GR.6 | Utumiki wotentha pang'ono, cryogenic |
| Miyezo ya EN / DIN / BS | ||
| EN 10217-1 (Machubu achitsulo olumikizidwa ndi mphamvu - Machubu achitsulo osagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zokhala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda) | P235TR1, P265TR1 | Ziwiya zopondereza, ma drama a boiler, mapaipi opondereza kwambiri |
| EN 10217-2 (Machubu achitsulo olumikizidwa ndi zokakamiza - Machubu achitsulo osagwiritsa ntchito alloy ndi alloy okhala ndi kutentha kokwera) | P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH | Kutentha kokwera, machubu a boiler, zosinthira kutentha |
| EN 10219-1 (Zigawo zopanda kanthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka chozizira) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H | Ntchito zomanga nyumba, kumanga nyumba, milatho |
| EN 10210 (Zigawo zotentha zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda aloyi ndi tirigu wabwino) | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H S420MH, S460MH | Zigawo zotentha zopanda msoko/zowotcherera zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyumba, kumanga nyumba, milatho |
| EN 10025-2 (Zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zomangidwa ndi moto - zitsulo zomangidwa ndi zosagwiritsidwa ntchito) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, | Ntchito zachitsulo zomangira nyumba, uinjiniya wa zomangamanga |
| EN 10255 (Machubu achitsulo osagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati alloy oyenera kuwotcherera ndi kuluka ulusi) | S195T, S235JRTH | Madzi, gasi, zimbudzi, mapaipi opangidwa ndi ulusi |
| EN 10305-2 (Machubu achitsulo ogwiritsira ntchito molondola - Machubu ozizira okokedwa ndi welded) | E215, E235, E355 | Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, masilinda a hydraulic |
| BS 1387 (Kufotokozera za machubu achitsulo ndi machubu opindika ndi opindika) | Kalasi A, B, C | Madzi, gasi, nthunzi, chitoliro cholumikizira, chitoliro cholumikizidwa |
| DIN 2458 (Machubu ndi zolumikizira zachitsulo zolumikizidwa - Mikhalidwe yonse yaukadaulo yotumizira) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Machubu achitsulo ambiri ovekedwa, ntchito zomangira |
| Miyezo ya ISO ndi Miyezo Ina | ||
| ISO 3183 (Mafakitale a Petroli ndi Gasi - Mapaipi achitsulo a machitidwe oyendera mapaipi) | L245, L290, L360, L415 | Mapaipi a mafuta ndi gasi (ofanana ndi ISO ya API 5L) |
| ISO 65 (Machubu achitsulo a madzi, gasi, ndi zimbudzi - Machubu opindika) | Wapakati, Wolemera | Madzi, gasi, zimbudzi, chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi ulusi |
| CSA G40.21 (Chitsulo chapamwamba cha kapangidwe kake - muyezo waku Canada) | 44W, 50W | Ntchito zomanga nyumba (Canada) |
| AS 1163 (Zigawo zopanda dzenje zachitsulo - muyezo waku Australia) | C250, C350, C450 | Zigawo zopanda kanthu (Australia) |
| GOST 10706 (Mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa a mapaipi ndi nyumba - muyezo waku Russia) | St20, St35, St45 | Mapaipi, ntchito zomangira (Russia) |
Kagwiritsidwe:Kutumiza mafuta ndi gasi, madzi ndi zimbudzi, mapulojekiti omanga, kukonza ma scaffolding, maziko oyikamo zinthu, madzi othamanga kwambiri, kukonza mankhwala, kupanga magetsi, zomangamanga, uinjiniya wa m'madzi, machubu a boiler, zosinthira kutentha, ma superheater, ma condenser, ntchito yotsika kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito molondola, masilinda a hydraulic, makina a mapaipi opangidwa ndi ulusi
6. Njira Yopangira - Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha ERW / HFW
Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zopangira:Ma coil achitsulo omwe akubwera amatsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina, komanso mtundu wa pamwamba. Coil iliyonse imapatsidwa nambala yapadera ya kutentha kuti itsatidwe bwino.
Kutsegula ndi Kulinganiza:Ma coil amatsegulidwa ndi kulinganizidwa kuti aphwanyike mzerewo ndikuchotsa coil yomwe yayikidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosalala bwino kuti zipangidwe bwino.
Kupukuta ndi Kudula Mphepete:Mphepete zonse ziwiri za mzerewu zimaphwanyidwa bwino kwambiri (± 0.5mm), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo oyera komanso ofanana kuti pakhale chotchingira chapamwamba kwambiri.
Kupanga Kozizira:Mzere wolinganizidwa umadutsa m'mapangidwe a mipukutu yomwe pang'onopang'ono imapanga mzere wosalala kukhala chipolopolo cha chubu chotseguka chozungulira.
Kuwotcherera kwa Mafupipafupi Kwambiri (HFW/ERW):Mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri (200-500 kHz) imatenthetsa m'mphepete mwa matiresi mpaka kutentha kwa forging (1,350-1,500°C). Ma roll a Finyani amakanikiza m'mphepete mwa matiresi pamodzi, ndikupanga forging weld yopanda zinthu zodzaza.
Kuchotsa Mkanda Wolukidwa:Kuwala kwamkati ndi kwakunja kumachotsedwa ndi masamba opaka makabati pamene kuli kotentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale posalala komanso powonjezera pang'ono.
Kukula:Chubu cholumikizidwa chimadutsa m'ma roll okulirapo kuti chikhale ndi OD yolondola (± 0.5% mpaka ± 1.0%). Ma roll ena amapanga mawonekedwe a sikweya/amakona anayi ngati pakufunika.
Kutentha (Mwasankha):Kukhazikitsa kutentha pa 890-930°C kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kapena kuchepetsa kupsinjika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ferrite-pearlite microstructure ikhale yofanana.
Kudula Motalika:Chitoliro chimadulidwa kutalika koyenera pogwiritsa ntchito macheka odulira owuluka ndi njira yowongolera molondola (±3mm).
Kuyesa Kosawononga:
●Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT):Kuyang'ana 100% kwa msoko wothira ndi thupi la chitoliro kuti muwone ngati pali ma lamination, zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake, komanso ngati palibe kusakanikirana.
● Kuyesa kwa Eddy Current (ET):Kuwunika kopitilira khalidwe la weld pa intaneti.
● Kuyesa kwa Madzi:Chitoliro chilichonse chinayesedwa mpaka 95% ya SMYS kwa masekondi osachepera 10.
Kumaliza Kumaliza:Malekezero opanda kanthu, malekezero opindika (30°-35° okhala ndi 1.6mm landing), kapena malekezero opindika malinga ndi zomwe kasitomala akufuna.
Kuyang'anira ndi Kulemba Komaliza:Kuyang'ana kooneka, kutsimikizira kwa miyeso (OD, WT, kutalika, kulunjika), ndi chizindikiro chokhazikika pa muyezo uliwonse (giredi, kukula, nambala ya kutentha, wopanga).
7. Njira Zowongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa
| Gawo | Njira Yowunikira | Cholinga |
| Zopangira | Kusanthula kwa Mankhwala (OES Spectrometer) | Tsimikizirani kuti mukutsatira malire a API 5L |
| Zopangira | Kuyesa Kwamphamvu | Tsimikizani kukwera, mphamvu yokoka, kutalika |
| Mukukonzekera | Kuyang'anira Miyeso (Ma Micrometer, Ma Calipers) | Monitor OD, WT panthawi yopanga ndi kukula |
| Malo Osefera | Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT) - Pa intaneti | Dziwani kusagwirizana kwa weld, kusowa kwa fusion |
| Malo Osefera | Kuyesa kwa Eddy Current (ET) - Pa intaneti | Kuwunika kopitilira kwa msoko wowotcherera |
| Malo Osefera | Kufufuza kwa Macro-Seam kwa Weld Seam | Tsimikizani kulowa kwa weld ndi fusion geometry |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic (mphindi 10 pa 95% SMYS) | Tsimikizirani kulimba kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kulimba kwa kutayikira kwa madzi |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT) - Kulibe Intaneti (Mwasankha) | Kuyang'ana laminar ya thupi lonse |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kuyang'anira Tinthu ta Magnetic (MPI) | Kuzindikira ming'alu pamwamba (kuwotcherera ndi HAZ) |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso a Charpy V-Notch Impact | Tsimikizani kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa (PSL2) |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso a Kuuma (HRC / HV10) | Tsimikizani malire okhwima kwambiri (ntchito yowawasa) |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso Otsogozedwa (Nkhope ndi Muzu) | Tsimikizirani kulimba kwa weld komanso kulimba kwake |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso Ophwanyika | Tsimikizirani kuti thupi la chitoliro ndi lolimba komanso lolimba |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kuyang'anira Magawo ndi Zowoneka | Tsimikizirani OD, WT, kutalika, kulunjika, ndi khalidwe la pamwamba |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kutsimikizira Zizindikiro | Onetsetsani kuti chizindikiro chokhazikika chili pa API 5L iliyonse |
Mayeso Owonjezera a PSL2 / Sour Service:
● Kuyesa kwa HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) pa NACE TM0284
● Mayeso a SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) pa NACE TM0177 Njira A
● Kuyesa kwa CVN pa -10°C, -20°C, kapena -46°C
● Kutsimikizira Kulimba (≤ 22 HRC / ≤ 248 HV10 kuti ikhale yolimba ku HIC)
Zolemba Zabwino:
● Satifiketi Yoyesera ya Mill malinga ndi EN 10204 Mtundu 2.2, 3.1, kapena 3.2
● Lipoti Loyesa Madzi (paipi ndi paipi)
● Lipoti Loyang'anira UT / ET
Kutsatira kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha kutentha kupita ku chitoliro chomalizidwa
8. Mapulogalamu Oyambirira a Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha ERW
Mapaipi a ERW ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa kutumiza mafuta ndi gasi komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale:
Kutumiza Mafuta ndi Gasi:Mapaipi akutali a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja opangira mafuta osakonzedwa, gasi wachilengedwe, ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mafuta oyeretsedwa.
Kuyendera Madzi Othamanga Kwambiri:Mizere yothira madzi, njira zotulutsira madzi zopangidwa, komanso kusamutsa madzi othamanga kwambiri m'mafakitale amafuta ndi malo opangira mafuta.
Mapulojekiti a Mapaipi Omwe Ali M'mphepete mwa Nyanja:Mizere yosonkhanitsira zinthu m'madera osiyanasiyana, mizere ya trunk, ndi mapaipi ogawa mafuta ndi gasi.
Machitidwe a Mapaipi Opita Kunja kwa Nyanja:Mayendedwe a pansi pa nyanja, zokwezera, ndi mapaipi otumizira kunja kwa mapulatifomu akunja ndi kumalizidwa kwa pansi pa nyanja (ndi PSL2 ndi njira zina zoperekera chithandizo).
Malo Ochitira Ntchito Zovuta:Mapaipi ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wonyowa (wokhala ndi H₂S) omwe amafunikira PSL2 yokhala ndi zofunikira zina kuphatikizapo kukana kwa HIC ndi SSC motsatira miyezo ya NACE.
Kutumiza Madzi:Mapaipi operekera madzi akuluakulu, njira zothirira, ndi njira zotumizira madzi osaphika kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'matauni ndi m'mafakitale.
Kusamalira Madzi Otayira ndi Zinyalala:Mapaipi otulutsira madzi otayira, mapaipi oyeretsera madzi, ndi njira zoyendetsera matope.
Ntchito Zopangira Kapangidwe ka Mafakitale:Ma raki a mapaipi, zothandizira, zothandizira, ndi zida zomangira m'mafakitale oyeretsera, mafakitale a petrochemical, ndi mafakitale.
Malo Opangira Mafuta ndi Gasi:Mizere yoyendera, mitu, manifold, ndi mapaipi olumikizirana m'mafakitale opangira zinthu ndi malo oyeretsera.
Mapaipi a EPC ndi Plant:Mapaipi opangira zinthu ndi ntchito m'malo opangira mafuta, mafakitale opangira gasi, malo opangira mankhwala, ndi malo opangira magetsi.
9. Kulongedza ndi Kutumiza
Mapaipi a ERW amapakidwa ndi kutumizidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti atetezedwe panthawi yoyenda. Nayi kufotokozera kwa njira yopakira ndi kutumiza:
Kupaka:
Chophimba Choteteza:Musanapake mapaipi, mapaipi amatha kupakidwa mafuta oletsa dzimbiri kapena varnish yoteteza kuti asawonongeke pamwamba ndi kusungunuka kwa okosijeni panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula. Mapeto opanda kanthu amapezekanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo pamalo omwe mukufuna.
Kusonkhanitsa:Mapaipi ofanana kukula ndi zofunikira amamangiriridwa pamodzi mosamala m'mabatani a hexagonal kapena amakona anayi. Amamangiriridwa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zachitsulo (nthawi zambiri zingwe 3-5 pa mtolo uliwonse) kuti asayende mkati mwa mtolo.
Mapeto a Zipewa:Zipewa zapulasitiki (PE kapena PP) zimayikidwa kumapeto onse a chitoliro chilichonse kuti ziteteze malekezero opindika, malekezero osalala, ndi maulumikizidwe a ulusi ku kuwonongeka kwa kugundana, kulowa kwa zinyalala, ndi chinyezi.
Kuphimba ndi Kuphimba:Pa maoda apamwamba kwambiri otumizira kunja, zipangizo zomangira monga mphete za thovu kapena zingwe za rabara zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakati pa zigawo za mapaipi kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwonongeka kwa chophimba panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Mabokosi kapena Mabokosi a Matabwa:Pa mapaipi okhala ndi makoma ochepa, machubu olondola, kapena maoda apamwamba ophikira, mapaipi amatha kupakidwa m'mabokosi olimba amatabwa kapena m'mabokosi a plywood kuti apereke chitetezo chowonjezereka ku mphamvu zakunja ndi kugwiridwa molakwika.
Manyamulidwe:
Njira Yoyendera:Mapaipi amatumizidwa kudzera m'zombo zonyamulira (20ft/40ft), zonyamulira katundu wambiri, kapena katundu wa sitima kutengera komwe akupita, kuchuluka kwake, ndi kufunikira kwake. Kunyamula katundu wa pandege kulipo kuti kutumizidwe zitsanzo kapena nthawi yake.
Kuyika zinthu mu chidebe:Maoda ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati odzazidwa m'zidebe zotumizira zokhazikika, kuteteza katundu ku nyengo, chinyezi, ndi zodetsa zakunja panthawi yoyenda.
Kukweza Chombo Chambiri:Maoda akuluakulu (nthawi zambiri okwana matani 200) amaikidwa mwachindunji m'zonyamulira katundu wolemera. Matabwa onyamulira ndi mipiringidzo yofalitsira katundu amateteza kuwonongeka; amachotsa ndi kutsekereza katundu wotetezeka kuti asayende panyanja.
Zolemba ndi Zolemba:Mtolo uliwonse wolembedwa bwino ndi giredi, muyezo, miyeso, nambala ya kutentha, ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito. Zikalata zonse (invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wolongedza, bilu ya katundu, Satifiketi Yoyambira, Zikalata Zoyesera za Mill) zokonzedwa kuti zitheke mosavuta.
Kusunga Motetezeka:Mapaketi omangidwa ndi zingwe zachitsulo, matumba a dunnage, kapena zomangira matabwa kuti apewe kusuntha, kugubuduzika, kapena kuwonongeka panthawi yoyenda.
Kutsata ndi Inshuwalansi:Manambala otsatirira chidebe amaperekedwa kuti aziyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni. Inshuwaransi ya katundu wa m'madzi (Zoopsa Zonse kapena Pa avareji) imapezeka mukapempha.
Mwachidule, Womic Steel imaonetsetsa kuti mapaipi onse a ERW Steel apakidwa ndi njira zodzitetezera zotsogola m'makampani ndipo amatumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodalirika zoyendera kuti akafike komwe akupita ali bwino. Njira zoyenera zopakira ndi kutumiza ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa zisungidwe bwino komanso zabwino.
10. Ubwino ndi Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri pa Chitsulo cha Womic
N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kugwirizana ndi Womic Steel?
Sitolo Yogulitsira Zinthu Pamodzi:Kuchokera ku mapaipi a API 5L ERW mpaka ku zolumikizira mapaipi za OEM zofanana (Zigongono, Ma Tee, Zochepetsera, Ma Flanges, Ma Caps) mu mitundu yogwirizana ya zinthu, kuphatikiza chitsulo cha carbon, chitsulo cha alloy, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Kutsatira Malamulo a Zaukadaulo:Zikalata Zoyeserera Zonse za Mill (EN 10204 Type 2.2, 3.1, kapena 3.2) zimaperekedwa ndi kutumiza kulikonse, zomwe zimafotokoza bwino kapangidwe ka mankhwala, zotsatira za mayeso a makina, ndi malipoti oyesa osawononga.
Ntchito Zowonjezera Mtengo:Ma beveling a kumapeto (30°-35°), ulusi ndi kulumikizana, kukhazikitsa zipewa za pulasitiki, ndi chophimba choletsa dzimbiri (FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Epoxy, Galvanizing) zomwe zimapezeka mkati kapena kudzera m'malo oyenerera ogwirizana nawo.
Kayendetsedwe ka Zinthu Kopikisana:Mgwirizano wanzeru ndi makampani otumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi umaonetsetsa kuti katundu wonyamula katundu m'zidebe zonse ndi wabwino (kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa katundu pa chidebe chilichonse) komanso kutumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi pamtengo wotsika komanso nthawi yodalirika yoyendera.
Zinthu Zosungidwa ndi Kupezeka Kwake:Kuchuluka kwa ma API 5L X52 kukula koyenera (2"-24" OD, Ndandanda 10-80) kumatsimikizira nthawi yochepa yoperekera chithandizo komanso kuyankha mwachangu ku zofunikira za polojekiti mwachangu. Ma size apadera amapangidwa pakafunika nthawi yoperekera chithandizo ya masiku 30-45.
Utumiki Wabwino Kwambiri:Mphamvu yonse yoperekera mapaipi a PSL2 okhala ndi mayeso a HIC ndi SSC motsatira miyezo ya NACE yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wowawasa. Kulimba kumayendetsedwa mpaka ≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC.
Sankhani Womic Steel Group ngati mnzanu wodalirika wa mapaipi apamwamba a API 5L X52 ERW Steel ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotumizira. Takulandirani kuti mufunse!
Webusaiti: www.womicsteel.com
Imelo: sales@womicsteel.com
Foni/WhatsApp/WeChat:
Victor: +86-15575100681
Jack: +86-18390957568
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa API 5L PSL1 ndi PSL2 pa mapaipi a X52 ndi kotani?
A: PSL1 (Zofotokozera Zamalonda Mulingo 1) ndi mulingo wokhazikika wa khalidwe wokhala ndi zofunikira zoyambira zamakemikolo ndi zamakanika. PSL2 (Zofotokozera Zamalonda Mulingo 2) imaika malire okhwima pa kaboni, phosphorous, sulfure, imafuna chiŵerengero chachikulu cha 0.93 cha phindu la 0.93, kuyesa kofunikira kwa Charpy, komanso kuyesa kosawononga. PSL2 imafunika pa ntchito yonyowa, ntchito zapamadzi, komanso ntchito zofunika kwambiri za mapaipi. Pa X52, PSL2 imafunanso kaboni wochepa (CE ≤ 0.43%) kuti igwirizane bwino.
Q: Kodi chitoliro cha API 5L X52 chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu?
A: Inde. Mphamvu yocheperako ya X52 ya 360 MPa (52,000 psi) imapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri zomangira kuphatikizapo mapaipi, zipilala zothandizira, zomangira, ndi mafelemu olemera omangira. Komabe, pazinthu zomangira zokha (zopanda kupanikizika), ASTM A500 GR.B kapena A53 GR.B zingakhale njira zotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Q: Kodi kusiyana kwa ERW ndi HFW ndi kotani? Ndi chitoliro cha X52 chomwe chili chabwino?
A: ERW (Electric Resistance Welding) ndi HFW (High Frequency Welding) nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana. HFW imagwiritsa ntchito makamaka mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (nthawi zambiri 200-500 kHz) yomwe imapanga malo ocheperako okhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) komanso mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa weld poyerekeza ndi ERW wamba wamagetsi otsika. Pa API 5L X52, HFW ndiyo njira yomwe imakondedwa chifukwa imapereka kulimba kwa weld komanso HAZ yocheperako, yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yonyowa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa.
Q: Kodi "utumiki wopanda pake" umatanthauza chiyani ndipo kodi mungapereke X52 pautumiki wopanda pake?
A: Utumiki wa sour umatanthauza mapaipi onyamula mpweya wonyowa wokhala ndi hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Pansi pa izi, chitsulo chokhazikika chikhoza kuvutika ndi Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) kapena Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC). Inde, Womic Steel imapereka X52 PSL2 ndi zofunikira zowonjezera pa API 5L Annex H, kuphatikiza kuyesa kwa HIC (NACE TM0284), kuyesa kwa SSC (NACE TM0177), ndi kuwongolera kuuma (≤ 248 HV10 / ≤ 22 HRC).
Q: Kodi kutalika kwakukulu komwe kulipo kwa chitoliro cha API 5L X52 ERW ndi kotani?
A: Timapereka mapaipi a ERW okhala ndi kutalika kokhazikika mpaka mamita 12 (pafupifupi mapazi 40) pa mainchesi mpaka 610mm (24"). Pa mainchesi ang'onoang'ono (osakwana 168mm / 6"), kutalika mpaka mamita 18 (mapazi 60) kulipo ngati titapempha. Kutalika kwakutali kwa mapulojekiti enaake kumafuna tsatanetsatane watsatanetsatane ndi kuwunikanso kwaukadaulo.
Q: Ndi mitundu yanji ya mapeto yomwe mumapereka pa chitoliro cha mzere wa X52?
A: Timapereka Mapeto Opanda Chingwe (odulidwa ndi sikweya polumikiza matako kapena makina olumikizira), Mapeto Opindika (ngodya ya bevel ya 30°-35° yokhala ndi 1.6mm ± 0.8mm yolumikizira matako), Mapeto Opindika (API kapena ulusi wosankhidwa ndi kasitomala), ndi Mapeto Ophatikizana (okhala ndi ulusi wolumikizira matako pa mapeto a chitoliro). Kukonzekera kwapadera kulipo kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira zinazake zoyika.
Q: Kodi mungapereke chiyeso cha chipani chachitatu cha mapaipi a API 5L X52?
A: Inde. Timalandira ndikuthandizira kuwunika kwa DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, kapena woimira aliyense wosankhidwa ndi kasitomala panthawi yopanga (kuona hydrotest, UT, dimensional inspection) komanso isanatumizidwe. 3.2 Zikalata zowunikira zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka a chipani chachitatu zimaperekedwa nthawi zonse akafunsidwa.
Q: Kodi mumapereka ntchito zodula kwambiri pa chitoliro cha X52?
A: Inde. Timapereka kudula kolondola kwambiri mpaka kutalika komwe makasitomala akufuna, komwe kumakhala kolimba (nthawi zambiri ±3mm) komanso koyera, kopanda ma burr. Kudula kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi kuluka kwa malekezero (kolukira) kapena kuluka ulusi (kolumikizira makina) ngati pakufunika.
Q: Ndi njira ziti zokutira zomwe zilipo pa chitoliro cha API 5L X52 ERW?
A: Timapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokutira kuphatikizapo: FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) - wosanjikiza umodzi kapena iwiri; 3LPE / 3LPP (Three Layer Polyethylene / Polypropylene); Coal Tar Epoxy; Liquid Epoxy; Galvanizing (Hot Dip kapena Electro); ndi Black coat (lacquer kapena varnish). Chophimbacho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku malo athu kapena kudzera m'mafakitale ogwirizana nawo ophimba omwe ali ndi ziphaso zoyenera.
Q: Kodi nthawi yotsogolera ya API 5L X52 PSL2 yokhala ndi zofunikira pautumiki wowawasa ndi iti?
Yankho: Nthawi yokhazikika yogulira PSL2 yokhala ndi zofunikira pautumiki wovuta (kuphatikiza mayeso a HIC ndi SSC) ndi pafupifupi masiku 45-60 kuchokera pamene oda yatsimikizika, kutengera kuchuluka kwa oda ndi zofunikira pa mayeso enaake. Maoda ofulumira (masiku 30-45) angapezeke pamtengo wochepa. Chonde titumizireni uthenga kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito pogula kutengera zomwe mukufuna.
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