1. Womic Steel: Mphamvu Zopangira ndi Mphamvu za Kampani
Womic Steel Group ndi kampani yopanga zinthu zapamwamba komanso yotumiza kunja padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi zaka zoposa 20 zaukadaulo popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi kaboni, aloyi, ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Malo athu opangira mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yopangira zinthu zopitilira matani 20,000 pamwezi pa mapaipi opangira zitsulo zam'madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonse za ERW ndi LSAW/SSAW.
Kukula kwa Kupanga kwa Chitoliro Chopangira Madzi:M'mimba mwake wakunja kuyambira 219mm mpaka 660mm (mainchesi 8 mpaka 26) pa njira ya ERW, ndi kuyambira 508mm mpaka 3,000mm (mainchesi 20 mpaka 120) pa njira ya LSAW/SSAW. Kukhuthala kwa khoma kuyambira 6.0mm mpaka 25.4mm pa ERW, ndi kuyambira 6.0mm mpaka 50.8mm pa LSAW/SSAW. Kutalika kwa munthu mmodzi kuyambira 6m mpaka 18m, ndi kutalika kwapadera mpaka 60m komwe kulipo pa ntchito zozama za maziko.
Zitsimikizo Zaubwino & Kutsatira Malamulo:
ISO 9001:2015 Satifiketi:Dongosolo Loyang'anira Ubwino wa njira zopangira mapaipi ndi njira zowongolera ubwino, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino nthawi zonse pa ntchito zonse zopangira.
Chilolezo cha API 5L / API 2B cha Monogram:Womic Steel ili ndi chilolezo cha API 5L chopangira Line Pipe ndi chilolezo cha API 2B cha Structural Steel Pipe chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi. API Monogram ikuyimira kudzipereka kwathu ku miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yamakampani yotumizira mafuta ndi gasi ndi mapaipi omangira nyumba m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuwunika kwa API nthawi zonse kumaonetsetsa kuti kukutsatirabe zofunikira pankhaniyi.
Kulemba kwa CE (PED 2014/68/EU):Mapaipi athu omangira ndi machubu omangira zinthu akutsatira malangizo a European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU. Chizindikiro cha CE chimapezeka ngati mutachipempha kuti chithandizire kuchotsera bwino misonkho komanso kuvomereza ntchito mkati mwa European Economic Area (EEA). Chilengezo cha Kuchita Bwino (DoP) chaperekedwa pazinthu zokhazikika za EN.
Chitsimikizo cha EN 10204 3.2:Kuwonjezera pa Zikalata Zoyesera za Mill 2.2 ndi 3.1, timapereka zinthu zokhala ndi Chikalata Choyesera 3.2, chotsimikiziridwa ndi mabungwe ena ovomerezeka ndi EU (TÜV, LR, BV, SGS) pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zapamadzi ndi maziko zomwe zimafuna kutsata kwathunthu zinthuzo komanso kutsimikizira pawokha.
Kuvomerezedwa kwa Kuyang'anira kwa Gulu Lachitatu (TPI):Zogulitsa zathu ndi njira zopangira zimavomerezedwa ndikuwunikidwa ndi mabungwe akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi ndi Mabungwe Ogawa Zinthu kuphatikiza SGS, BV, ABS, LR, DNV, GL, ndi TÜV. Zivomerezo izi zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwathu kupereka mapaipi oyikamo zinthu kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulu ankhondo am'madzi ndi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amayendetsedwa ndi anthu.
Zitsimikizo Zowonjezera Zomwe Zilipo:
ISO 14001:2015(Njira Yoyang'anira Zachilengedwe) – Yodzipereka ku njira zopangira zinthu zokhazikika
ISO 45001:2018(Njira Yoyang'anira Zaumoyo ndi Chitetezo Pantchito) - Kuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ndi otetezeka
FPC (Kulamulira Kupanga Mafakitale)malinga ndi EN 10248 / EN 10219 - Kudzidziwitsa nokha kuti mukutsatira chizindikiro cha CE
NORSOK M-650(Muyezo wa ku Norway wa zipangizo zachitsulo) - Umapezeka pa ntchito za ku North Sea zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa nyanja
KTA 3211.2(Muyezo wa nyukiliya waku Germany) - Umapezeka pa ntchito zosungiramo zida za nyukiliya
Zivomerezo Zokhudza Makasitomala:Nthawi zambiri timachita kafukufuku wa mafakitale ndi kuvomereza makontrakitala akuluakulu a EPC, akuluakulu a madoko, ndi makampani opanga mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Zikalata ndi chithandizo cha kafukufuku zimaperekedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ogulitsa akwaniritsa zofunikira zawo.
Kuzindikirika Padziko Lonse:Womic Steel ndi kampani yodalirika yopereka makontrakitala a EPC padziko lonse lapansi, akuluakulu a madoko, makampani opanga mainjiniya apamadzi, ndi makontrakitala okhazikitsa maziko, omwe akutumikira mayiko oposa 80 ku Southeast Asia, Europe, Middle East, Africa, ndi America.
2. ASTM A252 GR.3 & EN 10248 S355GP: Kapangidwe ka Zinthu ndi Makhalidwe Abwino
ASTM A252 GR.3Ndi muyezo wa ku America wa mapaipi opangidwa ndi zitsulo zolumikizidwa komanso zopanda msoko. Dzina la "GR.3" limasonyeza Giredi 3, lomwe lili ndi mphamvu yofunikira kwambiri pakati pa magulu atatu a ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3). Giredi 3 imapereka mphamvu yocheperako ya 345 MPa (50,000 psi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chomwe chimakondedwa kwambiri pa maziko akuya, kuyika mipiringidzo ya m'madzi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolemera komwe kumafunika kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake.
EN 10248 S355GPndi muyezo wa ku Europe wopangira mapepala achitsulo otenthedwa ndi kuyika mapaipi. "S" ikutanthauza chitsulo chomangira, "355" ikutanthauza mphamvu yocheperako ya 355 MPa, ndipo "GP" ikutanthauza "General Piling" (ntchito yonse yoyika mapaipi). S355GP imapereka mphamvu yokwera pang'ono kuposa ASTM A252 GR.3 (355 MPa vs 345 MPa) ndipo imatchulidwa kwambiri pamapulojekiti omanga nyanja ku Europe, Middle East, ndi Africa.
Magulu onse awiriwa adapangidwa makamaka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito polumikiza milu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulumikiza milu, kulimba kwabwino kutentha pang'ono m'malo okhala m'nyanja, komanso kusinthasintha kokwanira kuti zipirire kupsinjika kwa kuyendetsa milu panthawi yoyika milu. Poyerekeza ndi magiredi wamba monga A36 kapena S235JR, magiredi awa ophatikiza milu amapereka mphamvu zambiri zonyamula katundu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti miluyo iyendetsedwe mozama komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa milu.
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala (Kusanthula kwa Ndevu, % ndi kulemera):
| Chinthu | ASTM A252 GR.3 (Max %) | EN 10248 S355GP (Max %) |
| C | 0.26 | 0.22 |
| Si | — | 0.55 |
| Mn | 1.35 | 1.60 |
| P | 0.040 | 0.035 |
| S | 0.050 | 0.035 |
| Cu | — | 0.55 |
| CE (zosakwana) | — | 0.45 |
Zindikirani: EN 10248 S355GP ili ndi malire okhwima kwambiri pa kaboni, phosphorous, ndi sulfure, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofewa komanso zolimba poyerekeza ndi ASTM A252 GR.3. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito poyikamo zinthu zambiri komanso zosasunthika bwino kuti zipirire kupsinjika koyendetsa popanda kusweka. Malire a kaboni ofanana (CEV) a 0.45% a S355GP amatsimikizira kuti zofewa bwino kwambiri pakupanga milu.
Katundu wa Makina (Kutentha kwa Chipinda):
| Katundu | ASTM A252 GR.3 | EN 10248 S355GP |
| Mphamvu Yopereka (mphindi) | 345 MPa (50,000 psi) | 355 MPa (51,500 psi) |
| Mphamvu Yokoka (mphindi) | 455 MPa (66,000 psi) | 470 MPa (68,200 psi) |
| Kutalika (mphindi) | 20% (ya 50mm gauge) | 19% (Yaitali) |
| Kulimba kwa Impact | Zomwe sizinafotokozedwe | Ma Joules 27 @ 0°C (ngati mukufuna) |
*Zindikirani: EN 10248 S355GP imapereka mphamvu yocheperako komanso mphamvu yokoka poyerekeza ndi ASTM A252 GR.3. Pa ntchito za m'madzi zomwe zimafuna kulimba kwa mphamvu yotsika kutentha, EN 10248 imalola kuyesa mphamvu yosankha pa 0°C (osachepera 27 Joules). Pa ASTM A252 GR.3, kuyesa mphamvu sikofunikira koma kungatchulidwe ngati chofunikira chowonjezera.*
Kuyerekeza kwa Magiredi a Piling Pipe:
| Giredi | Mphamvu Yotulutsa (MPa) | Mphamvu Yokoka (MPa) | Ntchito Yachizolowezi |
| ASTM A252 GR.1 | 205 | 345 | Maziko opepuka, osaya kwambiri |
| ASTM A252 GR.2 | 240 | 415 | Katundu wochepa, maziko omangira |
| ASTM A252 GR.3 | 345 | 455 | Katundu wolemera, wa m'madzi, maziko akuya |
| EN 10248 S235GP | 235 | 360 | Kuwunjika pang'ono, kuwunjika mapepala |
| EN 10248 S275GP | 275 | 410 | Makoma osungira katundu wapakati |
| EN 10248 S355GP | 355 | 470 | Madzi olemera, maziko akuya |
*Zindikirani: Pa mapulojekiti ovuta kwambiri a m'madzi omwe amafuna mphamvu zoyendetsa kwambiri komanso kulowa mozama, ASTM A252 GR.3 ndi EN 10248 S355GP ndi magiredi olimbikitsidwa. Pa mapulojekiti omwe amafuna mphamvu yowonjezereka (mpaka 460 MPa), API 5L X65 kapena EN 10225 S460G10+M angaganizidwe ngati njira zina.*
3. Kutsatira Miyeso ndi Magawo a Dimensional Range
Womic Steel imapereka mapaipi oikira zitsulo zam'madzi pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mogwirizana ndi ASTM A252, EN 10248, ndi miyezo ina yapadziko lonse. Njira zonse ziwiri za ERW (Electric Resistance Welded) ndi LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded) zilipo kuti zikwaniritse mulingo wonse wa mainchesi.
| Chinthu | Kufotokozera |
| Muyezo | ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) / EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP) |
| Njira Yopangira | ERW (219mm-660mm OD) / LSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) / SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) |
| Kunja kwa Makulidwe Aakulu | ERW: 219mm - 660mm (8" - 26") / LSAW/SSAW: 508mm - 3,000mm (20" - 120") |
| Makulidwe a Wall | ERW: 6.0mm – 25.4mm / LSAW/SSAW: 6.0mm – 50.8mm |
| Kutalika kwa Utali | Muyezo: 6m, 12m, 18m / Mwamakonda: mpaka 60m |
| Mapeto Omaliza | Mapeto Opanda Mtundu (PE) / Mapeto Okhala ndi Beveled (BE) okhala ndi mphete zachitsulo zoperekedwa nsembe zomwe mungasankhe |
| Kumaliza Pamwamba | Wopanda kanthu / Wopaka Mafuta / Wokutidwa Wakuda / 3PE / FBE / Coal Tar Epoxy |
| Kulekerera | OD: ±1.0% / WT: -0% +15% (ASTM) kapena ±10% (EN) / Kutalika: +50mm -0mm |
4. Miyeso ndi Mafotokozedwe Omwe Akupezeka - Chitoliro cha Zitsulo Zam'madzi
Chitoliro cha ERW (219mm – 660mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Zosankha za Kukhuthala kwa Khoma (mm) | Kulemera (kg/m2) | Kutalika Kwanthawizonse |
| 219.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 | 31.5 - 75.5 | 6m / 12m |
| 273.1 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0 | 39.5 - 113.2 | 6m / 12m |
| 323.9 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0 | 47.0 - 149.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 355.6 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 | 51.7 - 180.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 406.4 | 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 59.2 - 235.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 457.2 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 88.6 - 266.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 508.0 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 98.6 - 297.8 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 558.8 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 108.7 - 329.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 609.6 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 118.7 - 360.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 660.4 | 8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0, 25.0 | 128.7 - 391.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Chitoliro Chokulungira cha LSAW (508mm – 3,000mm OD)
| OD (mm) | Zosankha za Kukhuthala kwa Khoma (mm) | Kulemera (kg/m2) | Kutalika Kwanthawizonse |
| 508 – 610 | 6.0 – 25.4 | 74.3 – 366.3 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 610 – 762 | 6.0 – 30.0 | 89.4 – 541.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 762 – 914 | 8.0 – 35.0 | 148.8 – 758.5 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 914 – 1,067 | 10.0 – 40.0 | 222.9 – 1,013.2 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,067 – 1,220 | 12.0 – 45.0 | 312.2 – 1,303.9 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,220 – 1,422 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 357.6 – 1,692.0 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,422 – 1,625 | 12.0 – 50.0 | 417.3 – 1,941.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 1,625 - 2,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 477.1 – 2,441.1 | 6m / 12m / 18m / 24m |
| 2,000 - 2,500 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 588.5 – 3,065.7 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
| 2,500 - 3,000 | 12.0 – 50.8 | 736.5 – 3,693.4 | 6m / 12m / 18m |
Dziwani: Miyeso yopangidwa mwamakonda kunja kwa miyeso iyi ikupezeka ngati mungafune. Ma diameter akuluakulu (mpaka 4,000mm / 160") amapezeka pamapulojekiti apadera.
5. Chitoliro Chofanana cha Piling, Marine & Foundation Standards Chopangidwa ndi Womic Steel
| Muyezo | Magiredi a Zitsulo | Ntchito Yachizolowezi |
| Miyezo Yopangira Zinthu ya ASTM | ||
| ASTM A252 (Standard Spec ya Mapaipi a Chitsulo Osenda ndi Opanda Msoko) | GR.1, GR.2, GR.3 | Mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi maziko akuya, milu yamadzi |
| ASTM A500 (Standard Spec ya Machubu Opangidwa ndi Chitsulo cha Carbon Chozizira Chopangidwa ndi Wolukidwa ndi Chopanda Msoko) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Machubu ozungulira/apakati omangira ndi kulimbitsa |
| ASTM A501 (Standard Spec ya Machubu Opangidwa ndi Chitsulo cha Carbon Chotentha komanso Chopanda Msoko) | GR.A, GR.B | Machubu opangidwa ndi kapangidwe kotentha okonzera mipiringidzo |
| ASTM A690 (Standard Spec ya High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel H-Piles ndi Sheet Piling) | Gulu la Mariner | Zitsulo zodzaza ndi dzimbiri m'madzi a m'nyanja |
| ASTM A572 (Standard Spec ya Chitsulo Cholimba cha Columbium-Vanadium Chokhala ndi Mphamvu Yochepa) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60, GR.65 | Kuyika zinthu mozungulira mopanda mphamvu kwambiri |
| ASTM A588 (Standard Spec ya Chitsulo Cholimba Chopanda Aloyi Chokhala ndi Mphamvu Yaikulu Cholimbana ndi Kutupa kwa Mpweya) | GR.A, GR.B, GR.C | Chitsulo chozungulira, maziko a mlatho |
| ASTM A913 (Standard Spec ya Mawonekedwe a Chitsulo Chochepa Cholimba Kwambiri cha Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe) | GR.50, GR.60, GR.65, GR.70 | Kuyika zitsulo zolimba kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha bwino |
| ASTM A857 (Zodziwika Bwino za Kuyika Mapepala Achitsulo, Zopangidwa ndi Cold, ndi Gage Yopepuka) | — | Kuyika mapepala owunikira opangidwa ndi kuwala kozizira |
| EN / DIN / BS / NF Piling Miyezo | ||
| EN 10248 (Kuyika mapepala achitsulo otentha - Mikhalidwe yoperekera ukadaulo wazitsulo zopanda alloy) | S235GP, S275GP, S355GP | Kuyika mapepala achitsulo otenthedwa ndi kutentha komanso kuyika mapaipi |
| EN 10219 (Zigawo zopanda kanthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka chozizira) | S235JRH, S275JRH, S355JRH, S355J2H | Zigawo zopanda kanthu zopangidwa ndi chivundikiro chozizira kuti zikulungidwe |
| EN 10025 (Zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zomangidwa ndi moto - zitsulo zomangidwa ndi zosagwiritsidwa ntchito) | S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2, S420ML, S460ML | Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chotenthedwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito m'madzi |
| EN 10225 (Zitsulo zomangira zomwe zingasunthike pazinyumba zokhazikika zakunja) | S355G8+M, S355G10+M, S420G1+QT, S460G1+QT | Chitsulo cha m'nyanja ndi m'madzi chopangira zinthu zomangira |
| EN 10348 (Chitsulo chopangira mapepala - Kuyika mapepala achitsulo osapangidwa ndi chitsulo chotentha) | S240GP, S270GP, S320GP, S355GP | Mapepala achitsulo opindidwa ndi kutentha kuti asunge makoma |
| DIN 2458 (Machubu ndi Zolumikizira Zachitsulo Zosefedwa - Mikhalidwe Yaukadaulo Yotumizira - m'malo mwake ndi EN 10219) | St37.0, St44.0, St52.0 | Machubu achitsulo okhazikika a ku Germany opangidwa kuti azikulungidwa |
| DIN 17100 (Chitsulo cha Zolinga Zonse Zomangira - chosinthidwa ndi EN 10025) | St37-2, St44-2, St52-3 | Chitsulo chokhazikika cha ku Germany chopangira zinthu |
| BS 1387 (Kufotokozera kwa Machubu ndi Ma Tubular a Chitsulo Okhala ndi Ma Screw ndi Socketed Steel - m'malo mwake ndi EN 10255) | Kalasi A, Kalasi B, Kalasi C | Machubu achitsulo opangidwa ndi ulusi aku Britain omangira ndi kuyika denga |
| BS 4360 (Mafotokozedwe a Zitsulo Zomangira Zogwirizana - m'malo mwake ndi EN 10025) | Giredi 43A, 43B, 50B | Chitsulo chokhazikika cha ku Britain chopangira zinthu (chakale) |
| NF A49-311 (Tubes en acier soudés pour le pillage - French piling standard) | E24, E36 | Machubu achitsulo okhazikika a ku France opangidwa kuti azikulungidwa |
| Miyezo ya API / JIS / KS / AS / CSA Piling | ||
| API 5L (Kufotokozera kwa Chitoliro cha Mzere) | GR.B, X42, X52, X65, X70 | Chitoliro cha mzere chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira (chofala kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja) |
| API 2B (Kufotokozera kwa Kupanga Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha Kapangidwe ka Ntchito Zakunja) | GR.42, GR.50, GR.60 | Kuyika chitoliro chachitsulo chapanyanja |
| JIS A5525 (Milu ya Mapaipi Achitsulo) | SKK490, SKK540 | Mapaipi achitsulo a nyumba zapamadzi ndi zapamadzi |
| JIS A5528 (Milu ya Mapepala a Zitsulo Zachitsulo) | SY295, SY390 | Chipinda chachitsulo chopangira machubu omangira madoko |
| JIS A5526 (Milu ya Mapepala Achitsulo) | SYW295, SYW390 | Chikwama chachitsulo chokulungidwa ndi moto |
| JIS G3444 (Machubu a Chitsulo cha Carbon pa Zolinga Zonse Za Kapangidwe) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Machubu achitsulo cha kaboni omangira zinthu |
| JIS G3136 (Zitsulo Zozungulira Zopangira Kapangidwe ka Nyumba) | SN400, SN490 | Chitsulo chopangira maziko omangira |
| KS D 3566 (Machubu a Chitsulo cha Carbon pa Zolinga Zonse - muyezo waku Korea) | STK290, STK400, STK490, STK540 | Machubu okhazikika a ku Korea okonzera mipiringidzo |
| KS D 3862 (Milu ya Mapaipi Achitsulo - muyezo waku Korea) | SKK400, SKK490, SKK540 | Mapaipi opangidwa ndi zitsulo za ku Korea omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga doko |
| AS 1163 (Zigawo Zokhala ndi Mabowo a Zitsulo - Muyezo wa ku Australia) | C250, C350, C450 | Magawo okhazikika a ku Australia omangira nyumba |
| AS 1074 (Machubu achitsulo ndi Ma Tubular a Ntchito Yamba - muyezo waku Australia) | — | Machubu achitsulo okhazikika aku Australia okonzera zinthu zambiri |
| CSA G40.21 (Chitsulo Chapamwamba Cha Kapangidwe - Muyezo waku Canada) | 44W, 50W, 50A | Chitsulo chokhazikika cha ku Canada chopangira zinthu |
| NORSOK / DNV / ISO Piling Miyezo | ||
| NORSOK Y15 (Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo Zakunja kwa Dziko - Zofunikira pa Zinthu) | S355, S420, S460 | Muyezo waku Norway wa zomangamanga zachitsulo zakunja kwa dziko |
| NORSOK M-650 (Ziyeneretso za Opanga Zipangizo Zapadera Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Kunja kwa Nyanja) | Magiredi onse | Ziyeneretso zoperekera zinthu zakunja |
| DNV-OS-B101 (Zinthu Zachitsulo Zopangira Ma Offshore) | S355, S420, S460 | Muyezo wa DNV wopangira zitsulo zakunja |
| DNV-OS-C201 (Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe ka Mayunitsi a Kunja - Zofunikira pa Zinthu) | S355, S420, S460 | Muyezo wa DNV wopangira zida zomangira m'mphepete mwa nyanja |
| ISO 630 (Zitsulo Zomangira - Ma mbale, malo opapatiza, mipiringidzo, magawo) | Fe360, Fe430, Fe510 | Muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wopangira zitsulo zomangira |
| ISO 3183 (Mafakitale a Petroli ndi Gasi - Mapaipi achitsulo a machitidwe oyendera mapaipi) | L245, L290, L360, L415, L450, L485 | ISO yofanana ndi API 5L yopangira mapaipi a mzere |
| Miyezo Ina Yapadziko Lonse Yopangira Zipilala | ||
| GOST 10706 (Mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa a mapaipi ndi zomangamanga - muyezo waku Russia) | St20, St35, St45 | Mapaipi achitsulo okhazikika a ku Russia opangidwa kuti azikulungira |
| GOST 20295 (Mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa a mapaipi akuluakulu a gasi ndi mafuta - muyezo waku Russia) | K38, K52, K60 | Chitoliro chokhazikika cha ku Russia chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitoliro |
| NBR 8261 (Milu yachitsulo yomangira nyumba - muyezo waku Brazil) | — | Mapaipi omangira zitsulo zokhazikika ku Brazil |
| IRAM 688 (Machubu Achitsulo Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pakapangidwe Kake - Muyezo wa ku Argentina) | F24, F36 | Machubu okhazikika a ku Argentina okonzera mipiringidzo |
| SANS 657 (Machubu achitsulo a zomangamanga - muyezo waku South Africa) | — | Machubu okhazikika a ku South Africa okonzera mipiringidzo |
Kagwiritsidwe:Kuyika maziko ozama, kuyika zipilala za m'nyanja, maziko a nsanja ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumanga doko ndi doko, maziko a mlatho, chitetezo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja, njira yotsekera madzi, dongosolo la fender, mulu wa jekete, kumanga doko ndi doko, kukonzanso malo, kuphunzitsa mtsinje, uinjiniya wa ngalande, kumanga doko la madzi ozama, maziko okonzanso zivomerezi, makoma osungira, ma cofferdams, maziko a caisson, maziko a turbine ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, maziko a ngalande ya chubu cholowa pansi, makoma oyika zipilala
6. Njira Yopangira - Mulu wa Mapaipi a Chitsulo a ERW & LSAW
Njira ya ERW (Kuwotcherera kwa Magetsi) ya Chitoliro Chokulungira (219mm – 660mm OD):
Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zopangira (Coil):Ma coil achitsulo obwera ndi hot-rolled amatsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina, ndi mtundu wa pamwamba poyerekeza ndi ASTM A252, EN 10248, kapena zomwe kasitomala akufuna. Coil iliyonse imapatsidwa nambala yapadera ya kutentha kuti iwonetsetse kuti zinthuzo zikutsatira bwino nthawi yonse yopangira.
Kutsegula ndi Kulinganiza:Ma coil achitsulo amaikidwa pa chotulutsira uncoiler ndipo amaperekedwa kudzera mu makina olinganiza bwino kuti aphwanyike mzerewo, kuchotsa coil yomwe yayikidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti imagwirizana bwino kuti ipangidwe bwino.
Kupukuta ndi Kudula Mphepete:Mphepete zonse ziwiri zazitali za mzere wachitsulo zimaphwanyidwa ndikudulidwa kuti zikhale ndi mulifupi wolondola (± 0.5mm). Kukonzekera m'mphepete kumapanga malo oyera, ofanana ofunikira kuti pakhale chotchingira chapamwamba kwambiri.
Kupanga (Kupanga Kozizira):Mzere wolinganizidwa umadutsa mu mndandanda wopita patsogolo wa mipukutu yopangira (kusweka, mbali yolowera, ndi zigawo zodutsa zipsepse) zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimapanga mzere wosalala kukhala mawonekedwe otseguka a cylindrical (chubu shell) ndi m'mbali mwake zokonzedwa kuti ziwotchulidwe.
Kuwotcherera kwa Ma Frequency Ambiri (HFW / ERW):Chubu chopangidwacho chimadutsa mu ma coils opangidwa ndi ma frequency apamwamba kapena nsapato zolumikizirana. Mphamvu yamagetsi ...
Kuchotsa Mkanda Wolukidwa (Mkati & Kunja):Kuwala kwamkati ndi kwakunja (chitsulo chowonjezera chosungunula) kumachotsedwa ndi zida za carbide (masamba okulungira) pomwe malo osungunula akadali otentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale posalala komanso powonjezera pang'ono.
Kukula ndi Kupanga:Chubu cholumikizidwa chimadutsa mu mipukutu yosiyanasiyana ya kukula kuti chikwaniritse kulekerera kolondola kwa m'mimba mwake wakunja (nthawi zambiri ± 0.5% mpaka ± 1.0% kutengera muyezo).
Kutentha (Mwasankha):Pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yowonjezereka kapena kuchepetsa kupsinjika, malo olumikizirana (kapena chubu chonse) amatha kutenthedwa mkati kapena kunja kwa intaneti. Kukhazikika pa 890-930°C kumapanga kapangidwe ka ferrite-pearlite kofanana.
Kudula Motalika:Chitoliro chopitilira chimadulidwa kutalika koyenera pogwiritsa ntchito macheka odulira owuluka (kudula kozizira) ndi kuwongolera kutalika kolondola (±3mm pa kutalika koyenera, +50mm -0mm pa kufotokozera za kuyikamo).
Kuyesa Kosawononga (NDT):
Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Dongosolo la UT lokha limayang'ana msoko wonse wa weld ndi thupi lonse la chitoliro kuti lione ngati pali ma lamination, zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake, komanso ngati palibe kusakanikirana.
Kuyesa kwa Eddy Current (ET):Kuyang'anira mosalekeza khalidwe la weld pa intaneti panthawi yopanga.
Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic (Mwakusankha):Imapezeka ngati kasitomala apempha kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimafuna kutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa kukakamizidwa.
Kumaliza Kumaliza:Malekezero osadulidwa bwino (odulidwa sikweya) kapena malekezero opindika (ngodya ya bevel ya 30°-35°) malinga ndi zomwe kasitomala akufuna. Mphete zachitsulo zoperekedwa nsembe zitha kulumikizidwa ku malekezero a mapaipi kuti zitetezeke kwambiri poyendetsa milu.
Kuyang'anira ndi Kulemba Komaliza:Kuyang'ana mozama za zolakwika pamwamba, kutsimikizira kukula (OD, WT, kutalika, kulunjika), ndi chizindikiro chokhazikika malinga ndi muyezo woyenera (kuphatikiza giredi, kukula, nambala ya kutentha, chizindikiritso cha wopanga).
Njira ya LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding) ya Pipe Yokulungira (508mm – 3,000mm OD):
Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zopangira (Mbale):Mapepala achitsulo omwe akubwera amatsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe a makina, mtundu wa pamwamba, komanso kulondola kwa mawonekedwe ake motsutsana ndi ASTM A252, EN 10248, kapena zomwe kasitomala akufuna. Mapepala aliwonse amapatsidwa nambala yapadera ya kutentha kuti athe kutsatiridwa bwino.
Kukonzekera Mphepete mwa Mbale (Kuzungulira):Mphepete mwa chitsulo chachitsulocho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi bevel imodzi kapena bevel iwiri ya V) pogwiritsa ntchito makina opera m'mphepete kuti apange mawonekedwe oyenera a welding ya arc pansi pa madzi.
Kupinda Mbale (Kupanga):Mbale yokonzedwayo imapangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe otseguka a cylindrical pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira opindika mbale (JCO forming, UO forming, kapena 3-roll / 4-roll bend process kutengera zomwe zimafunika kukula ndi makulidwe).
Kuwotcherera kwa Tack:Msoko wotseguka umalumikizidwa mozungulira kuti ukhale ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira panthawi yolumikizira.
Kuwotcherera kwa Arc Yomwe Yalowa M'madzi (SAW):Msoko wamkati wa longitudinal umalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zodziyikira zokha za arc zomwe zimayikidwa pansi ndi kuphatikiza koyenera kwa flux ndi waya (nthawi zambiri njira imodzi kapena zingapo zimatengera makulidwe a khoma).
Kuwotcherera kwa Arc Yokhala Ndi Madzi Kunja (SAW):Msoko wakunja wautali umalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizira za arc zomwe zimalowa zokha, zomwe zimamaliza kulowetsa kwathunthu.
Kukulitsa (Mwasankha):Chitoliro cholumikizidwa chingakulitsidwe ndi makina (nthawi zambiri chimakulitsidwa ndi 0.3-1.5%) kuti chiwongolere kulondola kwa miyeso (kuzungulira ndi kulunjika) ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kotsalira kwa kuwotcherera.
Kuyesa Kosawononga (NDT):
Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic 100% (UT):Dongosolo la UT lokha limayang'ana msoko wonse wa weld (wamkati ndi wakunja) ndi thupi lonse la chitoliro kuti lione ngati pali ma lamination, zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake, kusowa kwa fusion, ndi zina zosagwirizana.
Kuyesa kwa X-ray (RT):Kuwunika kwa X-ray kapena gamma-ray kwa msoko wothira (malo kapena kutalika konse monga momwe zafotokozedwera) kuti zitsimikizire ubwino wa wothira ndi kulowa kwake.
Kuyang'anira Tinthu ta Magnetic (MPI):Kuyang'ana zala zachitsulo ndi malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha kuti awone ming'alu ndi kusokonekera kwa pamwamba.
Kumaliza Kumaliza:Malekezero osalala (odulidwa ndi sikweya) kapena malekezero opindika (ngodya ya bevel ya 30°-35° yokhala ndi malo otsetsereka a 1.6mm ± 0.8mm) malinga ndi zomwe kasitomala akufuna. Mphete zachitsulo zoperekedwa nsembe zitha kulumikizidwa ku malekezero a mapaipi kuti ziteteze kuyendetsa mulu.
Kuyang'anira ndi Kulemba Komaliza:Kuyang'ana maso ndi maso kuti awone zolakwika pamwamba, kutsimikizira kukula kwake (OD, WT, kutalika, kulunjika, kuzungulira), ndi chizindikiro chokhazikika malinga ndi muyezo woyenera.
7. Njira Zowongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa Chitoliro Chokulungira
| Gawo | Njira Yowunikira | Cholinga |
| Zopangira | Kusanthula kwa Mankhwala (OES Spectrometer) | Tsimikizirani kuti mukutsatira malamulo a ASTM A252 / EN 10248 |
| Zopangira | Kuyesa Kwamphamvu | Tsimikizani mphamvu yogwira ntchito, mphamvu yokoka, ndi kutalika |
| Zopangira | Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (Mbale/Koyilo) | Dziwani zotchinga zamkati ndi zolakwika |
| Zomwe Zikuchitika (ERW) | Kuyang'anira Miyeso (Ma Micrometer, Ma Calipers) | Monitor OD, WT panthawi yopanga ndi kukula |
| Mu ndondomeko (LSAW) | Kuyang'anira Kukonzekera M'mphepete | Tsimikizirani ngodya ya bevel, malo otera, ndi momwe pamwamba pake palili |
| Malo Osefera (ERW) | Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT) - Pa intaneti | Dziwani kusagwirizana kwa weld, kusowa kwa fusion |
| Malo Osefera (LSAW) | Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic (UT) - Kokha | Kuyang'ana kwathunthu kwa msoko wothira weld kuti muwone zolakwika zamkati/kunja |
| Malo Osefera (LSAW) | Kuyesa kwa X-ray (RT) | Tsimikizani kulowa kwa weld, porosity, ndi slag integration |
| Malo Osefera | Kuyang'anira Tinthu ta Magnetic (MPI) | Kuzindikira ming'alu pamwamba (kuwotcherera ndi HAZ) |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kuyang'anira Magawo | Tsimikizirani OD, WT, kutalika, kulunjika, kuzungulira |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic (Mwakusankha) | Tsimikizani kukhulupirika kwa kupanikizika pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso Otsogozedwa a Bend | Tsimikizirani kulimba kwa weld komanso kulimba kwake |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso Ophwanyika (ERW yokha) | Tsimikizirani kuti thupi la chitoliro ndi lolimba komanso lolimba |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso a Charpy V-Notch Impact (Osasankha) | Tsimikizirani kulimba kwa kutentha kochepa kuti mugwiritse ntchito m'madzi |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso a Kuuma (Mwasankha) | Tsimikizani kuuma kwakukulu kwa weldability |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kuyang'ana Kowoneka ndi Pamwamba | Yang'anani ngati pali zolakwika pamwamba, ma lamination, ndi ming'alu |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Kutsimikizira Zizindikiro | Onetsetsani kuti chizindikiro chokhazikika chikugwirizana ndi muyezo |
Mayeso Osankha pa Ntchito Zofunikira Zapamadzi ndi Zapanyanja:
● Kuyesa kwa CTOD (Kutsegula Nsonga ya Mipata) kuti muwone ngati kusweka kuli kolimba
● Kuyesa kwa HIC (Hydrogen Induced Cracking) pa NACE TM0284
● Mayeso a SSC (Sulfide Stress Cracking) pa NACE TM0177
● Kuyesa Kulimba (HV10 kapena HRC) kuti mudziwe ngati pali kuyenerera kwa ntchito ya sour
Zolemba Zabwino:
● Satifiketi Yoyesera ya Mill malinga ndi EN 10204 Mtundu 2.2, 3.1, kapena 3.2
● Lipoti la Mayeso a Ultrasonic (kuwotcherera ndi thupi)
● Lipoti la Kuyesa kwa X-ray (ngati lafotokozedwa)
● Lipoti Loyang'anira Miyeso
● Kulondola kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha kutentha kupita ku chitoliro chomalizidwa
8. Ntchito Zoyambira - Chitoliro Chokulungira Chitsulo cha M'madzi
Mapaipi olumikizira zitsulo zam'madzi a ASTM A252 GR.3 ndi EN 10248 S355GP ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa maziko olimba, zomangamanga zam'madzi, ndi mapulojekiti akuluakulu aukadaulo wa zomangamanga:
Kuyika Maziko Ozama:Milu yonyamula katundu ya nyumba zazitali, milatho, mafakitale, ndi nyumba zolemera zomwe zimafuna maziko olimba. Mphamvu yayikulu ya GR.3 ndi S355GP imalola kuyendetsa mozama kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu yonyamula katundu.
Maziko a Nsanja ya Marine & Offshore:Maziko a maziko a malo osungira mafuta ndi gasi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zida zobowolera, malo opangira zinthu, ndi maziko a ma turbine amphepo m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuyika zipilala za m'nyanja kuyenera kupirira mphamvu ya mafunde, mphamvu zamphamvu, ndi malo owononga madzi a m'nyanja.
Ntchito Yomanga Doko, Doko ndi Madoko:Kuyika milu ya malo oimikapo ziwiya, malo onyamula katundu wambiri, malo oimikapo anthu, malo osungira katundu wa Ro-Ro, ndi malo oimikapo katundu wamba. Miluyi imapereka chithandizo cha kapangidwe ka nyumba za padenga, malo oimikapo ma dolphin, ndi ma dolphin oyamwitsa.
Maziko a Mlatho ndi Doko:Mizati yozama ya maziko a mizati, makoma oteteza, ndi maziko a nsanja za milatho yokhazikika ndi yopachikika. Mizati imasamutsa katundu womangidwa ku zigawo zoyenera zonyamulira.
Chitetezo cha M'mphepete mwa Nyanja ndi Khoma la Nyanja:Kuyika milu ya nyumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo oimikapo miyala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuteteza gombe, ndi kuwongolera kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Mapaipi achitsulo amapereka chithandizo champhamvu cha zomangamanga za zida zankhondo ndi zophimba za konkire.
Kapangidwe ka Madzi Otsetsereka ndi Jetty:Kuyika maziko a madzi otchingira mipanda ya zinyalala, malo otchingira makoma oimirira, malo otsetsereka, ndi malo otsetsereka. Miyalayi imapereka maziko olimba a nyumba zomwe zimachotsa mafunde.
Chithandizo cha Fender System:Ma pile ochirikiza machitidwe a zotchingira za m'madzi pa malo oimikapo matabwa ndi malo oimikapo matabwa. Ma pile amayamwa mphamvu zoimikapo matabwa ndipo amateteza sitima ndi kapangidwe kake panthawi yomangirira.
Mulu wa Jekete la Pulatifomu ya Mafuta ndi Gasi:Kuyika milu ya majekete othandizira mapulatifomu opangira mafuta ndi gasi. Milu yayikulu komanso yokhuthala imakhomeredwa m'miyendo ya jekete ndikuyikidwa m'malo mwake.
Kukonzanso ndi Kukonzanso Malo Khoma la Mphepete mwa Nyanja:Kuyika milu ya nyumba zosungira malo osungiramo zinthu, makoma ozungulira nyanja, ndi mipanda yosungiramo zinthu. Miluyi imapereka mawonekedwe abwino a mapulojekiti okulitsa nthaka.
Maphunziro a Mitsinje ndi Kuletsa Kusefukira kwa Madzi:Kuyika milu ya mapaipi kuti ateteze gombe la mtsinje, kutsogolera gombe, ma spurs, ndi nyumba zowongolera kusefukira kwa madzi. Mapaipi achitsulo amalimbitsa gombe la mtsinje ndikuteteza ku kusaka ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka.
Uinjiniya wa Ngalande & Kudula ndi Kuphimba:Kuyika milu ya maziko a ngalande zodulidwa ndi kuphimba, makoma obisika a milu, ndi zomangamanga zothandizira makoma a ngalande. Milu imapereka chithandizo choyimirira ndi cham'mbali cha nyumba zapansi panthaka.
Maziko a Kukonzanso Zinthu Zachilengedwe:Kukonza zinthu zomwe zilipo kale, kuphatikizapo maziko a milatho, maziko a nyumba, ndi nyumba za doko zomwe zimafuna kulimba mtima kwambiri pa chivomerezi.
9. Kupaka ndi Kutumiza - Chitoliro Chokulungira Chitsulo Cham'madzi
Mapaipi opachikira zitsulo zam'madzi a ASTM A252 GR.3 ndi EN 10248 S355GP amapakidwa ndi kutumizidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti ali otetezeka panthawi yoyenda. Nayi kufotokozera kwa njira yopachikira ndi kutumiza mapaipi akuluakulu opachikira zitsulo:
Kupaka:
Chophimba Choteteza:Musanapake mapaipi, mapaipi amatha kupakidwa mafuta oletsa dzimbiri kapena varnish yoteteza kuti asawonongeke pamwamba ndi kusungunuka kwa okosijeni panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula. Mapeto opanda kanthu amapezekanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo pamalo omwe akupita kapena m'malo okhala ndi madzi a m'nyanja komwe kuli koyenera kuti dzimbiri lizilowe.
Kulumikiza (Ma diameter Ang'onoang'ono):Pa mapaipi ang'onoang'ono okwana mainchesi (nthawi zambiri osakwana 610mm / 24"), mapaipi amalumikizidwa pamodzi m'mabokosi a hexagonal kapena a rectangle. Amamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zachitsulo (nthawi zambiri zingwe 3-5 pa mtolo uliwonse wokhala ndi zoteteza pakona) kuti aletse kuyenda mkati mwa mtolo.
Kuyika Zinthu Pamodzi Pamodzi (Ma diameter Aakulu):Pa mapaipi akuluakulu (oposa 610mm / 24"), mapaipi nthawi zambiri amasamaliridwa ndikutumizidwa payekhapayekha chifukwa cha kulemera ndi mawonekedwe ake. Dothi lamatabwa kapena la rabara loyikidwa pakati pa zigawo za mapaipi limaletsa kusweka ndi kuwonongeka kwa chophimba.
Mapeto a Zipewa:Zivundikiro za pulasitiki kapena zachitsulo zimayikidwa kumapeto onse a chitoliro chilichonse (kapena kukulunga pulasitiki kwa malekezero opindika) kuti ziteteze malekezero opindika, malekezero osalala, ndi maulumikizidwe a ulusi ku kuwonongeka kwa kugundana, kulowa kwa zinyalala, ndi chinyezi.
Mphete zachitsulo zoperekedwa nsembe (ngati mukufuna):Pa mapaipi omangira omwe amafunikira chitetezo champhamvu kumapeto kwa chitoliro, mphete zachitsulo zosagwira ntchito (nthawi zambiri 50-100mm m'lifupi, 6-12mm makulidwe) zimalumikizidwa kumapeto kwa chitoliro chilichonse. Mphetezi zimayamwa kugundana kwa nyundo yoyendetsera ndipo zimateteza kumapeto kwa chitoliro kuti chisawonongeke.
Kuphimba ndi Kuphimba:Pa maoda apamwamba kwambiri otumizira kunja, zipangizo zomangira monga mphete za thovu, zingwe za rabara, kapena matabwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa zigawo za mapaipi kuti zisawonongeke, kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki, komanso kuwonongeka kwa kugundana panthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yodutsa.
Mfundo Zokwezera:Ma trolley onyamulira katundu kapena malo onyamulira katundu omwe asankhidwa akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku mapaipi olemera (oposa 2,000 kg pa paipi iliyonse) kuti athe kutsitsa katundu mosamala pamalo omwe akupita pogwiritsa ntchito crane kapena forklift.
Manyamulidwe:
Njira Yoyendera:Mapaipi amatumizidwa kudzera m'zombo zotengera (zombo za 20ft kapena 40ft za mainchesi ang'onoang'ono), zonyamulira katundu wambiri (kugawa katundu wambiri m'ma diameter akuluakulu ndi ma volume akuluakulu), kapena katundu wa sitima, kutengera komwe akupita, kuchuluka kwa oda, ndi kufunikira kotumizira. Zombo zonyamula katundu wa polojekitiyi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapaipi akuluakulu kwambiri kapena aatali kwambiri.
Kuyika mu chidebe (Ma diameter Ang'onoang'ono):Pa mapaipi ang'onoang'ono a mainchesi (nthawi zambiri osakwana 508mm / 20"), mapaipi amaikidwa m'zidebe zotumizira za 20ft kapena 40ft kuti zitsimikizire kuti mayendedwe ake ndi otetezeka komanso okonzedwa bwino. Kunyamula katundu m'zidebe kumateteza katundu ku nyengo, chinyezi, ndi zinthu zina zodetsa. Kunyamula katundu m'zidebe nthawi zambiri kumakhala matani 20-25 pa chidebe cha 20ft.
Kunyamula Ziwiya Zambiri (Ma diameter Aakulu & Ma volume Aakulu):Pa maoda akuluakulu (nthawi zambiri matani 500) kapena mapaipi akuluakulu (oposa 508mm / 20"), mapaipi amalowetsedwa mwachindunji m'zonyamulira zazikulu kapena m'zombo zoyendera. Matabwa onyamulira ndi mipiringidzo yofalitsira amateteza kuwonongeka panthawi yonyamula katundu. Kudula, kulumikiza, ndi kutseka unyolo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kusuntha kwa katundu panthawi yoyenda panyanja. Njirayi ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri pa ntchito zonyamula katundu m'madzi.
Chidebe Chokhazikika Kapena Chotseguka Chapamwamba (Chotalika Kwambiri / Chotalika Kwambiri):Pa mapaipi opitilira miyeso yokhazikika ya chidebe (kutalika >12m kapena m'mimba mwake >2.3m), zidebe za flat rack kapena zidebe zotseguka pamwamba zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochotsa kuchuluka kwa katundu wambiri. Zidebe zapaderazi zimathandiza kuti katundu wamkulu anyamulidwe bwino.
Zolemba ndi Zolemba:Chitoliro chilichonse kapena chitoliro chilichonse chili ndi zilembo zofunika kwambiri kuphatikizapo mtundu wa zinthu, muyezo, kukula, nambala ya kutentha, nambala ya chitoliro/chitoliro, ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito. Zikalata zonse zotumizira katundu zakonzedwa kuti zichotsedwe pamisonkhano ndi kutsatira katundu.
Kutsatira Malamulo a Kasitomu:Pa kutumiza kunja, zikalata zonse zofunika za kasitomu—kuphatikizapo invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, chikalata chonyamulira katundu, Satifiketi Yoyambira (ngati pakufunika), Zikalata Zoyesera Mill, ndi zilolezo zilizonse zofunikira zotumizira katundu—zimakonzedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti katunduyo alowe bwino padoko lopitako.
Kusunga Motetezeka:Mkati mwa galimoto yonyamulira katundu kapena chidebe, mitolo ndi mapaipi osiyanasiyana amamangiriridwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zachitsulo (zokhala ndi zotetezera pakona), matumba a dunnage, zomangira matabwa, kapena zomangira unyolo kuti zisasunthe, kugubuduzika, kapena kusuntha komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka panthawi yoyenda.
Kutsata ndi Kuyang'anira:Njira zamakono zotsatirira zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira momwe katundu watumizidwa komanso kupereka zosintha za malo enieni kwa makasitomala. Manambala otsatirira zinthu amaperekedwa pa katundu yense wotumizidwa ndi zinthu. Kutsata zinthu pa katundu wotumizidwa ndi zinthu zambiri kulipo.
Inshuwalansi:Kutengera mtengo wa oda ndi zosowa za makasitomala, inshuwaransi ya katundu wa m'madzi (Zoopsa Zonse kapena Ndi Avereji ya Inshuwaransi) ikhoza kukonzedwa kuti iphimbe kutayika kapena kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike panthawi yoyenda. Pa ntchito zonyamula katundu wa m'madzi zamtengo wapatali, inshuwaransi yowonjezera yokonza ndi kukhazikitsa ingalimbikitsidwe.
Kukonzekera Kunyamula Zinthu Zolemera:Pa mapaipi olemera kwambiri (oposa 5,000 kg pa chitoliro chilichonse), kulumikizana pasadakhale ndi doko lopitako la zida zonyamulira katundu wolemera (ma crane okhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, mipiringidzo yapadera yofalitsira) ndikofunikira. Womic Steel imapereka tsatanetsatane wa katundu kuphatikiza kulemera kwa chitoliro ndi miyeso ya kukonzekera polojekiti.
Mwachidule, Womic Steel imaonetsetsa kuti mapaipi onse a ASTM A252 GR.3 ndi EN 10248 S355GP oikira zitsulo zam'madzi amapakidwa ndi njira zodzitetezera zotsogola m'makampani ndipo amatumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodalirika zoyendera kuti akafike komwe akupita ali bwino. Njira zoyenera zopakira ndi kutumiza ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa zisungidwe bwino komanso zabwino, makamaka pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za maziko amadzi.
10. Ubwino ndi Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri pa Chitsulo cha Womic - Chitoliro Chokulungira Chitsulo cha M'madzi
N’chifukwa Chiyani Mukugwirizana ndi Womic Steel pa Chitoliro cha Marine Piling?
Mitundu Yonse ya Njira ndi Makulidwe:Njira zonse ziwiri za ERW (219mm-660mm OD) ndi LSAW/SSAW (508mm-3,000mm OD) zimapezeka pansi pa denga limodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kufunikira kwa ogulitsa ambiri. Kukhuthala kwa khoma mpaka 50.8mm ndi kutalika mpaka 60m kulipo pa ntchito zoyambira maziko.
Kuthekera Kofanana Kwawiri:Kutsatira kwathunthu miyezo ya ASTM A252 (GR.1, GR.2, GR.3) ndi EN 10248 (S235GP, S275GP, S355GP), kuphatikiza miyezo yowonjezera (API 5L, EN 10219, JIS A5525, ndi zina zotero). Wopereka m'modzi pazofunikira zingapo pamsika.
Kuyang'ana Kwambiri pa Zam'madzi ndi Zapanyanja:Chidziwitso chapadera pa ntchito zomangira zipilala za m'nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuphatikizapo kumanga madoko, nsanja za m'nyanja, maziko a milatho, ndi mapulojekiti oteteza m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kumvetsetsa za chitetezo cha dzimbiri la m'nyanja ndi zofunikira pakuyendetsa zinthu.
Mphete zachitsulo zoperekedwa nsembe:Kulukira mphete zachitsulo zoperekedwa nsembe ku malekezero oyendetsera mapaipi mkati mwa nyumba kuti zitetezedwe bwino panthawi yoyendetsa mapaipi, kuchepetsa kusintha kwa malekezero a mapaipi ndi kuchedwa kukhazikitsa.
Ntchito Zowonjezera Mtengo:Kuphimba kumapeto (30°-35°), kudula kopanda malire, chophimba choteteza (FBE, 3LPE, Coal Tar Epoxy, Galvanizing), ndi zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri zomwe zimapezeka m'nyumba kapena kudzera m'malo oyenerera ogwirizana.
Kutalika Kwambiri:Kutalika kwa 60m imodzi kwa mapulojekiti ozama a maziko, kuchepetsa zofunikira pakulumikiza minda ndi nthawi yokhazikitsa. Kutalika kwapadera kulipo popanda ndalama zowonjezera pamitundu yokhazikika.
Kayendetsedwe ka Zinthu Kopikisana:Mgwirizano wanzeru ndi makampani otumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso akatswiri onyamula katundu m'mapulojekiti umaonetsetsa kuti katundu wonyamula katundu (chidebe, chosweka, kapena chombo cha projekiti) ndi kutumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi pamitengo yotsika mtengo komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Zolemba Zonse:Zikalata Zoyeserera Zonse za Mill (EN 10204 Type 2.2, 3.1, kapena 3.2), malipoti a NDT (UT, RT), malipoti a dimensional, ndi zikalata zotsatirira zomwe zimaperekedwa pa kutumiza kulikonse. Kuyang'ana kwa chipani chachitatu (SGS, BV, TÜV, LR, DNV) kumathandizidwa ngati pakufunika.
Sankhani Womic Steel Group ngati mnzanu wodalirika wa mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri a ASTM A252 GR.3 ndi EN 10248 S355GP oyika zitsulo zam'madzi komanso ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotumizira zinthu zapamadzi, zapamadzi, komanso za maziko ozama padziko lonse lapansi. Takulandirani kuti mufunse!
Webusaiti: www.womicsteel.com
Imelo: sales@womicsteel.com
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Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri) - Chitoliro Chokulungira Chitsulo Cham'madzi
Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa ASTM A252 GR.3 ndi EN 10248 S355GP pa kuyika zinthu m'madzi ndi kotani?
A: ASTM A252 GR.3 (muyezo waku America) uli ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 345 MPa (50,000 psi), pomwe EN 10248 S355GP (muyezo waku Europe) uli ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 355 MPa (51,500 psi). EN 10248 S355GP ilinso ndi malire okhwima pang'ono a kapangidwe ka mankhwala (C yotsika, P, S) komanso zofunikira pakuyesa kutentha kochepa. Zonsezi ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito poyika zinyalala m'madzi. Kusankha nthawi zambiri kumadalira kufotokozera kwa polojekiti ndi zomwe amakonda m'madera osiyanasiyana. Pa mapulojekiti aku America ndi Asia omwe akutsatira miyezo ya API/ASTM, GR.3 ndi yomwe amakonda. Pa mapulojekiti aku Europe, Middle East, ndi Africa, S355GP nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa.
Q: Ndi njira iti yopangira yomwe ndiyenera kusankha pa projekiti yanga yopangira mapaipi - ERW kapena LSAW?
A: Pa mainchesi akunja mpaka 660mm (mainchesi 26), ERW nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo imapereka nthawi yofulumira yopangira. Pa mainchesi kuyambira 508mm mpaka 3,000mm (mainchesi 20 mpaka 120), LSAW imafunika chifukwa ukadaulo wa ERW sungapange mainchesi akuluwa. Pa mainchesi opitilira 3,000mm (mainchesi 120), SSAW (spiral welded) ingaganiziridwenso. Zofunikira pakukhuthala kwa khoma zimakhudzanso kusankha njira - LSAW imatha kukhala ndi makoma okhuthala (mpaka 50.8mm) poyerekeza ndi ERW (nthawi zambiri mpaka 25.4mm). Womic Steel ikhoza kulangiza njira yabwino kwambiri kutengera zomwe mukufuna komanso bajeti ya polojekiti yanu.
Q: Kodi mphete yachitsulo yoperekedwa nsembe ndi chiyani ndipo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
Yankho: Mphete yachitsulo yoperekedwa nsembe ndi gawo lalifupi lachitsulo (nthawi zambiri 50-100mm m'lifupi, 6-12mm makulidwe, chitoliro chofanana ndi OD) cholumikizidwa kumapeto kwa chitoliro cholowera. Chimatenga mphamvu yogunda kuchokera ku nyundo yoyendetsera mulu, kuteteza kumapeto kwa chitoliro kuti chisawonongeke, kugwedezeka, kapena kusweka. Mphete zopereka nsembe zimalimbikitsidwa pa:
● Malo oyendetsera galimoto movutikira (mchenga wokhuthala, miyala, malo otsetsereka a miyala)
● Nyundo zoyendetsa milu yolemera (mphamvu zambiri)
● Mapaipi opyapyala okhala ndi khoma (chiŵerengero cha kukula kwa m'mimba mwake > 50)
● Mapulojekiti ofunikira omwe kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi kungayambitse kuchedwa kwa nthawi
● Mapaipi omwe amafunika kulimba kuti asalowe madzi akatha kuyendetsa
Q: Kodi pali njira ziti zazitali zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira mapaipi a m'nyanja? Kodi mungapereke kutalika kowonjezera kuti muchepetse kulumikiza kwa minda?
A: Kutalika kwanthawi zonse ndi 6m, 12m, ndi 18m. Pa mapulojekiti ozama a maziko ndi a m'nyanja, timapereka kutalika kwapadera mpaka 60m (mamita 200) kutengera kukula kwa khoma ndi m'mimba mwake. Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali kumapereka ubwino waukulu: kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma splices a m'munda (mtengo wotsika woyika, nthawi yofulumira), kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe kake, komanso kuchepa kwa chiopsezo cha zolakwika za weld. Komabe, kutalika kwanthawi yayitali kumafuna mayendedwe apadera (zidebe zokhazikika, zombo zazikulu, kapena katundu wa polojekiti) ndipo zitha kukhala ndi ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera zinthu. Tikukulimbikitsani kukonza kutalika kutengera zofunikira za polojekiti, njira zoyendera, ndi zoletsa zolowera pamalo. Chonde perekani tsatanetsatane wa polojekiti yanu kuti mudziwe kutalika komwe kulipo komanso nthawi yomwe ikubwera.
Q: Ndi njira ziti zophikira zomwe zilipo pa mapaipi osungiramo zinthu za m'nyanja kuti ateteze ku dzimbiri la madzi a m'nyanja?
A: Timapereka njira zingapo zotetezera dzimbiri m'malo okhala m'nyanja:
FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy):Chigawo chimodzi kapena ziwiri, chomatira bwino komanso cholimba mtima, makulidwe ake ndi 300-500 microns.
3LPE / 3LPP (Polyethylene / Polypropylene ya Zigawo Zitatu):Chitetezo chapamwamba cha makina komanso kukana dzimbiri, makulidwe wamba 2.0-4.5mm, oyenera malo okhala ndi mphepo yamkuntho m'nyanja.
Epoxy ya Tar ya Malasha:Kukana madzi bwino komanso kumagwirizana ndi chitetezo cha cathodic, makulidwe wamba ndi ma microns 300-600.
Kusakaniza ndi Kutentha Kwambiri:Chophimba cha zinki (nthawi zambiri 85-100 microns), chimapereka chitetezo chodzipereka pamalo owonongeka ndi chophimba.
Epoxy yamadzimadzi:Chopaka utoto chogwiritsidwa ntchito pamunda kuti chikonzedwe bwino komanso chikonzedwe.
Chophimba Kulemera kwa Konkriti (CWC):Pa mapaipi omira omwe safuna kuyandama.
Pa ntchito zambiri zoyikamo zinthu za m'nyanja, 3LPE kapena FBE covering pamodzi ndi cathodic protection (sacrificial anodes kapena impressed current) ndiye muyezo wa makampani. Kusankha covering kumadalira momwe madzi a m'nyanja alili (kutentha, mchere, kuchuluka kwa mpweya), nthawi yopangira (zaka 20-50), ndi bajeti ya polojekiti.
Q: Kodi mungapereke chitoliro cholumikizira zinthu pamodzi ndi anthu ena (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, LR)?
A: Inde. Timalandira ndikuthandizira kuwunika kwa DNV, BV, SGS, TÜV, ABS, LR, kapena woimira aliyense wosankhidwa ndi kasitomala panthawi yopanga (kuona kuyesa kwa zinthu zopangira, kuyang'ana kwa miyeso, NDT, ndi kuyang'ana komaliza) komanso asanatumize. 3.2 Zikalata zowunikira zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka a chipani chachitatu zimaperekedwa nthawi zonse akafunsidwa. Pa mapulojekiti akunja ndi a m'nyanja omwe amafuna kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe logawa (DNV, ABS, LR, BV), timalumikizana mwachindunji ndi bungwe kuti pakhale kupezeka kwa ofufuza ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa zikalata.
Q: Ndi mayeso otani osawononga (NDT) omwe amafunikira pa chitoliro chopangira zinthu zam'madzi?
A: Pa ASTM A252 GR.3, zofunikira za NDT ndizochepa (palibe NDT yokakamiza pa giredi yokhazikika). Komabe, pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zapamadzi ndi zapamadzi, tikupangira ndipo titha kupereka:
Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic 100% (UT)ya msoko wothira weld ndi thupi la chitoliro (cha LSAW ndi ERW)
Kuyang'anira Tinthu ta Magnetic (MPI)zala za weld ndi malo omwe kutentha kumakhudza
Kuyesa kwa X-ray (RT)ya msoko wothira weld (malo kapena kutalika konse)
Kusanthula kwa Laminar UTya m'mphepete mwa mbale musanawotchetse (ya LSAW)
Pa EN 10248 S355GP, mayeso owonjezera kuphatikizapo UT kapena MPI angatchulidwe ndi wogula. Nthawi zonse timalangiza kukambirana zofunikira za NDT panthawi yopereka mtengo kuti tiwonetsetse kuti mayesowo ndi olondola komanso zikalata zake ndi zolondola.
Q: Kodi kutalika kwakukulu kotani komwe mungapereke pa chitoliro chachikulu cholumikizira (monga, 2,000mm OD × 25mm WT)?
A: Pa 2,000mm OD × 25mm WT, titha kupereka utali umodzi mpaka 24m (pafupifupi mapazi 80) pa ntchito ya LSAW. Pa mainchesi opitilira 1,500mm, kutalika kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mbale ndi zoletsa zoyendera. Chonde titumizireni uthenga wokhudza zofunikira zanu (OD, WT, kutalika, kuchuluka) kuti mudziwe zambiri za luso lanu komanso nthawi yoti mupereke. Pa mapulojekiti omwe amafuna kutalika kupitirira malire oyendera (monga, >24m pa mainchesi akuluakulu), titha kuthandiza pakukonzekera njira zoyendetsera polojekiti kuphatikizapo bwato kapena makonzedwe apadera oyendera.
Q: Kodi mumapereka ntchito zamakono zokonzera mapaipi? Kodi ndi zolekerera ziti zomwe mungakwaniritse?
A: Inde. Timapereka kudula kolondola malinga ndi kutalika komwe kasitomala akufuna komanso kulekerera kolimba. Kulekerera kwanthawi zonse ndi +50mm / -0mm malinga ndi zofunikira za ASTM A252 ndi EN 10248. Pa mapulojekiti omwe amafuna kulekerera kwapafupi, titha kukwaniritsa ±3mm pa mainchesi mpaka 660mm (ERW) ndi ±5mm pa mainchesi akuluakulu (LSAW) okhala ndi kukonza kwina. Kudula kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi beveling kumapeto (30°-35° bevel angle yokhala ndi 1.6mm ±0.8mm landing) yolumikizira matako kapena kumaliza kopanda malire ngati pakufunika. Chonde tchulani zofunikira zanu zolekerera panthawi yopereka mawu.
Q: Kodi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chitoliro cha ASTM A252 GR.3 kapena EN 10248 S355GP cha m'madzi ndi yotani?
Yankho: Nthawi yokhazikika yopezera chitoliro chopangidwa ndi mphero (osati kuchokera ku stock) ndi masiku pafupifupi 30-45 pa njira ya ERW ndi masiku 45-60 pa njira ya LSAW, kutengera kuchuluka kwa oda, m'mimba mwake, makulidwe a khoma, ndi zofunikira zina zoyesera. Maoda ofulumira (masiku 20-30) atha kupezeka pazambiri zazing'ono kapena pazambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zili m'sheya. Pamapulojekiti omwe akufuna kuyang'aniridwa ndi chipani chachitatu (SGS, BV, DNV, ndi zina), onjezani masiku 5-10 kuti mukonze nthawi yowunikira ndi zolemba. Pazopaka (FBE, 3LPE, ndi zina), onjezani masiku 10-20 kutengera mtundu wa zopaka ndi kuchuluka kwake. Chonde titumizireni uthenga wokhudza nthawi ya polojekiti yanu kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa.
Q: Ndi zikalata ziti zomwe zimaperekedwa pa kutumiza kulikonse kwa chitoliro chosungiramo zinthu za m'madzi?
A: Kutumiza kulikonse kumaphatikizapo zikalata zonse:
Satifiketi Yoyesera ya Mill (MTC):malinga ndi EN 10204 Mtundu 3.1 (kapena Mtundu 2.2 / 3.2 ngati mupempha) kuphatikiza kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe omangika, ndi zotsatira zoyeserera zoyenera
Lipoti Loyang'anira Magawo:kuphatikiza OD, WT, kutalika, kulunjika, kuzungulira
Malipoti Oyesa Osawononga:Malipoti a UT (kuwotcherera ndi thupi), malipoti a RT (ngati atchulidwa), malipoti a MPI
Zolemba Zolondola:chiwerengero cha kutentha mpaka zolemba zolondola za chitoliro chomalizidwa
Mndandanda wazolongedza:mndandanda wathunthu wa mtolo/mapaipi okhala ndi kuchuluka, miyeso, ndi kulemera
Chilengezo cha Invoice Yamalonda & Kulongedza:chilolezo cha msonkho
Satifiketi Yoyambira:ngati pakufunika malinga ndi dziko lomwe mukufuna kupita (C/O, Fomu E, kapena ina)
Malipoti Ophimba:ngati chophimbacho chagwiritsidwa ntchito (kukhuthala, kumamatira, kuzindikira tchuthi)
Pa EN 10248 S355GP, zikalata zina kuphatikizapo kulengeza chizindikiro cha CE ndi Kulengeza Kuchita Bwino (DoP) zitha kuperekedwa ngati zapemphedwa.
Zogulitsa Zofanana
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