1. Womic Steel: Mphamvu Zopangira ndi Mphamvu za Kampani
Womic Steel Group ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga mapaipi a alloy omwe sakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri, ndipo yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 20. Kampani yathu yapadera yopangira mapaipi a 904L welded imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wowotcherera womwe umayang'anira kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha pambuyo pa weld:
● Mzere wa ERW (Kuwotcherera Magetsi):Pa mainchesi kuyambira 6.35mm mpaka 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 0.5mm mpaka 12.7mm. Kuwotcherera kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi kutentha kochepa (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) kuti tipewe kulekanitsa kuchuluka kwa aloyi. Ndikwabwino kwambiri pamapaipi ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakati a 904L.
●Mzere wa EFW (Electric Fusion Welding):Pa mainchesi kuyambira 219mm mpaka 1219mm (8″ – 48″), makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 4.0mm mpaka 40mm. TIG (GTAW) root pass yokhala ndi SAW fill pass, pogwiritsa ntchito filler metal yofananira (ERNiCrMo-3 kapena ER385).
●Mzere wa LSAW / SAWL wa High Alloy:Pa mainchesi kuyambira 406mm mpaka 1219mm (16″ – 48″), makulidwe a khoma mpaka 40mm. Kuwotcherera kwa arc komwe kumaviikidwa m'madzi a mbale zokulungidwa za 904L ndi kutentha kolamulidwa.
Mapaipi onse a 904L olumikizidwa amadutsa mu annealing (kutenthedwa) pa 1050-1150°C kenako n’kuzimitsa madzi kuti asungunuke magawo ena aliwonse ndikubwezeretsa kukana dzimbiri, kenako n’kuzimitsa ndi kuzizira ndi zosakaniza zapadera za asidi.
Zitsimikizo Zaubwino & Kutsatira Malamulo:
●Satifiketi ya ISO 9001:2015
●PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) ya zida zopondereza
●Satifiketi ya EN 10204 3.2 yokhala ndi chitsimikizo cha chipani chachitatu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
●Kuyang'aniridwa ndi Gulu Lachitatu (TPI) kovomerezedwa ndi SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
●NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ya ntchito yosauka (H₂S) ikapemphedwa
●Khodi ya ASME Boiler ndi Pressure Vessel (Gawo VIII, Div. 1) ngati mwapempha
Womic Steel imapereka mapaipi opangidwa ndi 904L kumayiko opitilira 30 m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala, a m'madzi, komanso a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kusinthasintha kwa Kupanga:
●ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm WIT × ≤ 12m
●EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–40mm WIT × ≤ 12m (yaitali ngati itapemphedwa)
●LSAW: 406–1219mm OD × 6.0–40mm WIT × ≤ 18m
●Zosankha zomalizitsa: Zophikidwa ndi kuviikidwa, zowala bwino (za chubu chaching'ono)
2. ASTM B673 UNS N08904: Kapangidwe ka Zinthu ndi Makhalidwe Abwino
UNS N08904 (904L) ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha super austenitic chokhala ndi nickel yambiri (23-28%), chromium yambiri (19-23%), molybdenum (4-5%), ndi mkuwa (1-2%). Chowonjezera cha mkuwachi chimapereka kukana kwakukulu kwa ma acid ochepetsa monga sulfuric ndi phosphoric acid. Molybdenum yambiri ndi chromium zimapereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri kwa dzenje m'malo okhala ndi chloride. 904L nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina yotsika mtengo m'malo mwa nickel alloys m'malo okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala (Kusanthula kwa Ndende, % ndi kulemera):
| Chinthu | UNS N08904 (904L) | 316L (poyerekeza) |
| C | ≤ 0.020 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Mn | ≤ 2.00 | ≤ 2.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.045 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 |
| Cr | 19.0 – 23.0 | 16.0 – 18.0 |
| Ni | 23.0 – 28.0 | 10.0 – 14.0 |
| Mo | 4.0 – 5.0 | 2.0 – 3.0 |
| Cu | 1.0 – 2.0 | — |
| Fe | Kulinganiza | Kulinganiza |
Katundu wa Makina (Kutentha kwa Chipinda, Yankho Lophatikizidwa):
| Katundu | UNS N08904 (904L) |
| Mphamvu Yopereka (osachepera, 0.2% yochotsera) | 220 MPa (31,900 psi) |
| Mphamvu Yokoka (mphindi) | 490 MPa (71,100 psi) |
| Kutalika (mphindi, 50mm gauge) | 35% |
| Kulimba (kwambiri) | 90 HRB |
Katundu Wachilengedwe:
Kuchuluka: 8.00 g/cm³
Modulus of Elasticity: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)
Kutentha kwa mpweya: 12.0 W/m·K pa 100°
Koyefifiti ya Kukulitsa Kutentha: 15.4 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)Kukana Kudzikundikira:
Pitting Resistance Equivance Number (PREN) = Cr% + 3.3(Mo%) + 16(N%) ≈ 35-40 (vs 316L PREN 24-26)
Kukana bwino kwambiri ndi sulfuric acid pamlingo wosiyanasiyana (mpaka 90% kutentha pang'ono)
Kukana kwakukulu kwa phosphoric acid (njira yonyowa) yokhala ndi ma chloride ndi fluoride
Kukana bwino kwambiri dzimbiri la dzenje ndi ming'alu m'malo okhala ndi chloride
Kukana bwino ku dzimbiri la intergranular pambuyo pa kuwotcherera (carbon yochepa)
Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sour (NACE MR0175) yokhala ndi kutentha koyenera
Malire a Kudzimbiritsa (Pafupifupi):
● Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄): mpaka 90% pa 50°C; mpaka 70% pa 100°C
● Hydrochloric acid (HCl): imachepetsedwa kuti ichepetse kutentha kwa chipinda (< 5%)
● Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): yabwino kwambiri mpaka 85% pa 100°C
● Asidi wa Acetic: wabwino kwambiri pamlingo uliwonse
● Madzi a m'nyanja: abwino kwambiri kutentha kufika pa 50°C
3. Kutsatira Miyeso ndi Magawo a Dimensional Range
| Chinthu | Kufotokozera |
| Muyezo | ASTM B673 / ASME SB-673 (chitoliro cholumikizidwa) |
| Njira Zopangira | ERW, EFW, LSAW |
| Kunja kwa Makulidwe Aakulu | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW / LSAW: 219 - 1219mm |
| Makulidwe a Wall | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW / LSAW: 4.0 - 40mm |
| Mndandanda wa Ndandanda | 5S, 10S, 40S (ya NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Kutalika kwa Utali | Mulingo: 6m; Wotambasuka: 12m, 18m, mpaka 18m |
| Mapeto Omaliza | Mapeto Opanda Chilema (PE), Mapeto Opindika (BE) |
| Kumaliza Pamwamba | Wothira ndi Wothira, Wowala Wothira |
| Kulekerera | OD: ±0.5% kapena ±3.2mm; Kulemera: ±12.5% (pa ASTM B775); Kutalika: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Miyeso ndi Mafotokozedwe Omwe Alipo - Chitoliro cha ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Chopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chosemedwa (Makulidwe Osankhidwa)
| NPS | OD (mm) | Ndandanda | Kulemera (mm) | Kulemera (kg/m2) | Kutalika Kwanthawizonse | Ntchito Yachizolowezi |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.00 | 6m | Mlingo wa mankhwala |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 10S | 2.11 | 1.28 | 6m | Mzere wa zida |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 10S | 2.77 | 2.09 | 6m | Chakudya cha asidi |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.11 | 6m | Mzere wa asidi wa sulfuriki |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 10S | 2.77 | 3.93 | 6m / 12m | Mzere wa ndondomeko |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 10S | 3.05 | 6.46 | 6m / 12m | Kusamutsa asidi |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 10S | 3.05 | 8.37 | 6m / 12m | Asidi ya phosphoric |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 10S | 3.40 | 13.8 | 6m / 12m | Kuziziritsa kwa madzi a m'nyanja |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 10S | 3.76 | 20.0 | 12m | Mzere wowawasa wakunja kwa nyanja |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 10S | 4.19 | 27.8 | 12m | Malo otulutsira a FGD |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 10S | 4.57 | 36.0 | 12m | Mankhwala akuluakulu |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 10S | 4.78 | 47.4 | 12m | Dayamita lalikulu |
*Miyeso yopangidwa mwamakonda kunja kwa mitundu iyi ikupezeka. Mapaipi opangidwa ndi 904L olumikizidwa amafunika nthawi yayitali yotsogolera (masiku osachepera 60) chifukwa cha kupezeka kwapadera kwa strip/plate.*
5. Miyezo ndi Magiredi a Common Super Austenitic Opangidwa ndi Womic Steel
| Muyezo | Magiredi a Chitsulo / Aloyi | Ntchito Yachizolowezi | Njira Yowotcherera |
| ASTM B673 | UNS N08904 (904L) | Sulfuric/phosphoric acid, madzi a m'nyanja | EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| ASTM B674 | UNS N08904 (yopanda msoko) | Machubu opanikizika | - |
| ASTM B677 | UNS N08904 | Chitoliro chopanda msoko | - |
| EN 10217-7 | 1.4539 (904L) | Zolinga za kupanikizika, super austenitic | SAW/ERW |
| ASTM A312 | UNS N08367 (AL-6XN), S31254 (254 SMO) | Madzi a m'nyanja, FGD | EFW/LSAW |
Kagwiritsidwe:Zomera za sulfuric acid, kupanga phosphoric acid, machitidwe a FGD, kuziziritsa kwa madzi a m'nyanja (kutentha kokwera), zombo zonyamula mankhwala, ntchito yothira madzi m'nyanja.
6. Njira Yopangira - Chitoliro Chosapanga Chitsulo Chosenda (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Kuwotcherera kwa 904L kumafuna kuwongolera mosamala momwe kutentha kumalowera komanso chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa kuwotcherera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa aloyi. Mkuwa ndi molybdenum zimapangitsa kuti aloyiyo ikule ngati kuzizira kuli pang'onopang'ono kwambiri.
Njira ya ERW (Kuwotcherera Magetsi) - Yaing'ono mpaka Yapakati (6.35–610mm OD):
●Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zopangira (Kudula/Kudula):Chingwe cha 904L chotsimikiziridwa kuti chili ndi kapangidwe kake (Ni 23-28%, Cr 19-23%, Mo 4-5%, Cu 1-2%). Choyira chilichonse chili ndi chiwerengero chapadera cha kutentha.
●Kutsegula ndi Kulinganiza
●Kudula Mphepete mwa Mzere
●Kupanga:Kupanga mipukutu mosalekeza.
●Kuwotcherera kwa Mafupipafupi Kwambiri:Kutentha kochepa (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) kuti tipewe kulekanitsa Cu/Mo. Kuwotcherera mumlengalenga wopanda mpweya.
●Kusoka kwa Msoko:Kulowetsa kwa induction kutsatiridwa ndi kutseka kwa madzi.
●Kukula ndi Kuwongolera
●Kudula Motalika
●NDT:Mayeso a Eddy current (100%) + UT yosankha.
●Kuthira Mayankho (Chitoliro Chonse):1050-1150°C, chozimitsira madzi. Chofunikira pakusungunula magawo ena.
●Mayeso a Hydrostatic
●Kusankha ndi Kusangalala(asidi wosakaniza wapadera wa aloyi wambiri)
●Kuwunika kwa PMI (XRF) ndi Kuuma
●Kuyang'anira Komaliza ndi Kulemba
Njira ya EFW (Electric Fusion Welding) - Chidutswa Chachikulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–40mm WIT):
●Kukonzekera Mbale:Mbale ya 904L, m'mbali mwake muli bevel (X bevel).
●Kupanga Ma Roll
●Kuwotcherera kwa Tack
●TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Chodzaza chofananira (ERNiCrMo-3 kapena ER385), mpweya wobwerera kumbuyo wa argon.
●Ma SAW Fill & Cap Passes:Kutentha kolowera ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm, kutentha kwa interpass ≤ 120°C. Kutuluka kwapadera kwa sulfure yochepa.
●Cholukizira chamkati
●Kuyesa kwa X-ray 100% + UT(pa ASTM B775)
●Kusakaniza kwa Yankho:Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa mapaipi onse (1050-1150°C), chozimitsira madzi.
●Kusankha ndi Kusangalala
●Mayeso a Hydrostatic
●Kuyang'anira PMI ndi Magawo
●Kulemba
Njira ya LSAW ya Alloy Yaikulu - Chidutswa Chachikulu Kwambiri (406–1219mm OD, 6.0–40mm WIT):
● UOE kapena JCOE yopangidwa kuchokera ku mbale ya 904L
● Kuwotcherera kwa SAW mbali ziwiri ndi mphamvu yowongolera kutentha kwambiri
● Kuthira madzi okwanira pambuyo pothira madzi
Mfundo Zofunikira Zowongolera Zowotcherera za 904L:
● Kulowetsa kutentha: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (chandamale ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Kutentha kwa interpass: ≤ 120°
● Mpweya woteteza: 100% Argon yokhala ndi mpweya wopangira mpweya
● Kuthira madzi: 1050-1150°C, chozimitsira madzi - chofunikira
● Kusakaniza: Chosakaniza chapadera cha asidi cha aloyi okhala ndi chromium/nickel yambiri
7. Njira Zowongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa Chitoliro cha ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Chopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chosemedwa
| Gawo | Njira Yowunikira | Cholinga |
| Zopangira | Kusanthula kwa Mankhwala (OES kapena ICP) | Tsimikizani N08904 (Ni 23-28%, Cr 19-23%, Mo 4-5%, Cu 1-2%) |
| Zopangira | Kuyesa Kwamphamvu | Kutulutsa ≥ 220 MPa, Kumangirira ≥ 490 MPa |
| Zopangira | Mayeso a Kutupa (ASTM G28) | Kukana dzimbiri pakati pa granular (kuti asidi agwiritsidwe ntchito) |
| Zopangira | Kuwerengera kwa PREN | Onetsetsani kuti PREN ndi ≥ 35 |
| Mukukonzekera | Kuwunika Kulowetsa Kutentha | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Mukukonzekera | Kutentha kwa Interpass | ≤ 120°C |
| Kulukira (ERW) | Mphamvu ya Eddy (100%) | Umphumphu wa weld |
| Kulukana (EFW/LSAW) | 100% UT (kapena PAUT) | Dziwani zolakwika za weld |
| Kulukana (EFW/LSAW) | RT (10-100% pa spec) | Ubwino wa weld |
| Kulukana | Cholowetsa Utoto (PT) | Ming'alu pamwamba |
| Pambuyo pa Kuthetsa Mayankho | Mayeso a Kuuma | ≤ 90 HRB |
| Pambuyo pa Kuthetsa Mayankho | Kapangidwe ka Microstructure (ASTM E407) | Palibe sigma, chi, kapena magawo achiwiri |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso a Hydrostatic | Kukhulupirika kwa kupsinjika |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | PMI (XRF) | Tsimikizirani giredi (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu) |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso a Kutupa kwa Pitting (ASTM G48) | Tsimikizani kukana kwa dzenje (ngati mwatsimikiza) |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Zojambula ndi Zolemba | Kutsata |
Mayeso Osankha pa Utumiki Wofunika Kwambiri:
● ASTM G28 Practice A (ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) yolimbana ndi dzimbiri la intergranular
● Kuyesa kwa ASTM G48 mu FeCl₃ (6% pa 40°C) pa ntchito ya madzi a m'nyanja
● Kuyesa kwa HIC/SSC kwa sour service (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Kuyesa kwa Copper sulfate kuti achepetse kukana kwa asidi
8. Ntchito Zoyambira - Chitoliro cha ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Chopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chofewa
●Zomera za sulfuric acid:Kusamalira asidi wokhuthala (90-98% H₂SO₄) kutentha kwapakati, kuchepetsa asidi (5-10%) kutentha kwapamwamba, ndi mapaipi oziziritsira a asidi. M'malo mwa 316L ndi 317L.
●Kupanga kwa phosphoric acid (njira yonyowa):Zotulutsa mpweya, zoziziritsira mpweya, ndi mizere yotumizira zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi phosphoric acid yokhala ndi ma chloride ndi fluoride. 904L ndi muyezo wa phosphoric acid yonyowa.
●Ma duct otulutsira mpweya wotulutsa flue gas desulfurization (FGD):Pansi pa ma absorption komwe kuli mpweya wonyowa wokhala ndi chloride wambiri. 904L imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa mpweya ndi ma stack liners pomwe 317L sikokwanira.
●Makina oziziritsira madzi a m'nyanja (kutentha kokwera):Madzi ozizira m'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe kutentha kwa madzi a m'nyanja kumapitirira 40°C. 904L imalimbana ndi kutayikira kwa madzi pamalo otentha pomwe 316L ndi super duplex zingalephereke.
●Ma tanki a mankhwala (IMO Type II):Mapaipi onyamula katundu a mankhwala amphamvu kuphatikizapo sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, ndi organic acids. 904L yavomerezedwa ndi makampani ambiri otumiza mankhwala.
●Utumiki wa sour wakunja kwa dziko:Kupanga mafuta ndi gasi ndi H₂S yambiri komanso ma chloride ambiri, makamaka komwe kutentha kuli kocheperako koma kufunikira kwa dzimbiri kumaposa duplex.
●Zomera zoyeretsera za pulp ndi pepala:Chlorine dioxide ndi sodium hypochlorite service pomwe 317L sikokwanira.
●Zipangizo zamankhwala:Ma reactor ndi mapaipi opangira zinthu zokhudzana ndi asidi amphamvu.
●Zipangizo zopaka utoto wa nsalu:Makina opaka utoto omwe amagwira ntchito ndi utoto wothira chlorine.
●Kukonza chakudya:Madzi ambiri a chloride, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ndi zakudya zokhala ndi asidi.
9. Kupaka ndi Kutumiza - JIS A5525 SKK490 SSAW Chitoliro cha Chitsulo
Kupaka:
●Chitetezo choletsa dzimbiri:Kukulunga ndi pulasitiki kapena pepala la VCI. Palibe mafuta otsalira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mankhwala.
●Zipewa zomaliza:Zipewa zapulasitiki zolemera (zokhala ndi mitundu - nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabuluu za 904L).
●Kulumikiza (Ma diameter ang'onoang'ono):Chitoliro chilichonse chimakulungidwa payekhapayekha, kenako chimakulungidwa ndi zingwe zopanda chitsulo.
●Ma phukusi a munthu aliyense payekha (Ma diameter akuluakulu):Chikwama cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi mphete za thovu.
●Mabokosi amatabwapa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za mankhwala ndi za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Manyamulidwe:
Mabotolo a ≤ 610mm, olemera kwambiri kuti akhale ndi mainchesi akuluakulu.
Zolemba:MTC 3.1/3.2, lipoti la mayeso a hydrotest, malipoti a UT/RT, lipoti la PMI, lipoti la mayeso a dzimbiri (ngati lafotokozedwa), lipoti la miyeso, mndandanda wa zolongedza, COO. Kutsata kwathunthu kuyambira nambala ya kutentha mpaka chitoliro chomalizidwa.
10. Ubwino ndi Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri pa Chitsulo cha Womic - Chitoliro Chosemedwa cha ASTM B673 UNS N08904
N’chifukwa Chiyani Mukugwirizana ndi Womic Steel pa Chitoliro Chosemedwa cha 904L?
● Kukula Konse: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Kuthira madzi okwanira pambuyo pothira (1050-1150°C, chozimitsira madzi).
● Kuyesa dzimbiri m'nyumba (ASTM G28, G48) kuti mudziwe ngati asidi ndi madzi a m'nyanja ndi othandiza.
● PREN ≥ 35 - kukana bwino kwa pitting.
● Nthawi zotsogola zopikisana: masiku 60-75 a ERW, masiku 75-90 a EFW/LSAW.
● Global Certification: ISO 9001, PED (CE), EN 10204 Type 3.2.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri) - ASTM B673 UNS N08904 Welded Pipe
Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa 904L ndi 316L ndi kotani?
A: 904L ili ndi nickel yochuluka kwambiri (23-28% vs 10-14%), chromium yochuluka (19-23% vs 16-18%), molybdenum yochuluka (4-5% vs 2-3%), komanso mkuwa wowonjezera (1-2%). Izi zimapangitsa kuti 904L ikhale yolimba kwambiri ku sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, ndi ma chloride. PREN ndi 35-40 vs 24-26 pa 316L. 904L ndi pafupifupi mtengo wa 316L katatu kapena kanayi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene 316L yalephera.
Q: Kodi 904L ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi a m'nyanja?
A: Inde. 904L imalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri la m'madzi a m'nyanja mpaka kutentha kwa pafupifupi 50°C. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kapena malo osasunthika, ma super duplex kapena nickel alloys angafunike. 904L nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsira madzi a m'nyanja pomwe 316L yalephera.
Q: Kodi kutentha kwakukulu kwa 904L mu sulfuric acid ndi kotani?
A: Mu 50-70% H₂SO₄, 904L ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka 100°C. Mu 90-96% H₂SO₄, malire ndi 50-60°C. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kapena asidi wambiri, ma alloy ambiri a nickel (Alloy 20, Alloy 625, Alloy C-276) amafunika. Nthawi zonse fufuzani ma chart a dzimbiri kuti mudziwe zinthu zinazake.
Q: Kodi 904L imafuna kulowetsedwa kwa yankho pambuyo powotcherera?
A: Inde, malinga ndi ASTM B673. 904L ikhoza kupanga magawo achiwiri (sigma, chi) mu weld HAZ ngati kuzizira kuli pang'onopang'ono. Kuthira yankho pa 1050-1150°C kutsatiridwa ndi water quench kumasungunula magawo awa ndikubwezeretsa kukana dzimbiri. Womic imachita annealing yonse ya yankho pa mapaipi onse a 904L othira. Pa welding yamunda, gwiritsani ntchito input yotsika kutentha ndipo ganizirani za annealing ya pambuyo pa weld ngati n'kotheka.
Q: Ndi chitsulo chiti chodzaza cholumikizira chomwe chikulimbikitsidwa pa 904L?
A: AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) kapena ER385 ndi yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa. ERNiCrMo-3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo imapereka kukana dzimbiri kofanana ndi 904L. ER385 ndi chodzaza chapadera cha 904L. Womic imagwiritsa ntchito ERNiCrMo-3 pa njira za EFW.
Q: Kodi 904L ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sour service (H₂S)?
A: Inde, 904L ndi yoyenera malinga ndi NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 pa ntchito ya sour ndi H₂S partial pressures mpaka 1 bar (15 psi) m'malo enaake olimba. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya sour pang'ono komwe duplex sikokwanira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma chloride.
Q: Kodi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chitoliro cha 904L cholumikizidwa ndi nthawi yotani?
A: Masiku 60-75 a ERW (ma diameter ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati), masiku 75-90 a EFW/LSAW (ma diameter akuluakulu). Nthawi yotsogolera ndi yayitali kuposa ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri wamba chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa alloy strip/plate (nthawi zambiri masabata 12-16 kuchokera ku mphero). Kuyang'aniridwa ndi gulu lachitatu kumawonjezera masiku 7-14.
Q: Kodi 904L ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamakina amadzi oyera kwambiri?
A: Inde, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yochuluka kwambiri. Pa madzi oyera kwambiri (RO, DI, WFI), 316L ndi yokwanira komanso yotsika mtengo. 904L imasungidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa mankhwala amphamvu kapena mankhwala okhala ndi chloride yambiri.
Chitsimikizo cha Pulojekiti - Kubwezeretsa Mapaipi Ozizira a Chomera cha Sulfuric Acid ku Europe
Dziko:Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia, malo opangira mankhwala)
Muyezo ndi Giredi:ASTM B673 UNS N08904 (904L) - chitoliro cholumikizidwa
Miyeso ndi Kuchuluka:
● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Ndondomeko 10S (3.05mm WT) – mamita 600 (pafupifupi matani 5) – Njira ya ERW
● OD 114.3mm (4″) × Ndondomeko 10S (3.05mm WT) – mamita 500 (pafupifupi matani 6) – Njira ya ERW
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Ndondomeko 10S (3.40mm WT) – mamita 300 (pafupifupi matani 4) – Njira ya EFW
● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Ndondomeko 10S (3.76mm WT) – mamita 200 (pafupifupi matani 4) – Njira ya EFW
Zonse:Mamita 1,600, pafupifupi matani 19
Mafotokozedwe:Mayankho a ASTM B673 UNS N08904 ophimbidwa ndi kuviikidwa, opindika. Kuyesa kwa hydrostatic pa 1.5× kapangidwe ka mphamvu (kapangidwe ka 1.2 MPa). 100% UT ya mapaipi a EFW, mphamvu ya eddy ya ERW. PMI pa chitoliro chilichonse. Kuyesa koyenera kwa dzimbiri pa ASTM G28 Kuchita A (ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) - kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri < 5 mpy (kukwaniritsidwa 2-3 mpy). Kuyesa kwa dzimbiri pa ASTM G48 Njira A (6% FeCl₃, maola 24 pa 40°C) - palibe dzenje. Kuyesa kwa dzimbiri pakati pa granular pa ASTM A262 Kuchita E (kupambana). Kuyang'aniridwa ndi chipani chachitatu ndi TÜV Germany.
Ntchito:Kusintha mapaipi oziziritsira a asidi ndi mizere yolumikizirana nayo mu chomera chobwezeretsa sulfuric acid. Paipiyi imasamalira sulfuric acid yotentha (85-93% H₂SO₄) pa 70-90°C kuchokera pa nsanja yoyamwitsa kupita ku acid cooler. Paipi yapitayi ya 316L inalephera patatha miyezi 18 chifukwa cha dzimbiri ndi dzenje. 904L idasankhidwa chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwambiri sulfuric acid yokhazikika pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Mavuto ndi Mayankho a Ukadaulo:
●Kutupa mu asidi wotentha wa sulfuric acid (85-93%, 70-90°C)– 316L imawononga pamitengo yoposa 50 mpy pansi pa mikhalidwe iyi. 904L yokhala ndi nickel, chromium, molybdenum, ndi mkuwa wambiri imapereka chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri < 5 mpy. Womic adachita mayeso a ASTM G28 Practice A pa zitsanzo zachitsulo ndi weld. Chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri: chitsulo choyambira 2.1 mpy, weld 2.8 mpy – pansi pa malire a 5 mpy. Kasitomala wavomereza.
●Kukana dzimbiri kwa zitsulo zosungunula– Chotchingira ndi malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Womic adagwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera chotsika (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) ndi chodzaza cha ERNiCrMo-3. Zitsanzo za chotchingira zidapambana mayeso a G28 ndi chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri cha 2.8-3.2 mpy. Kapangidwe ka microstructure sikadawonetsa mvula yachiwiri.
●Kukana kwa Pitting pa kutentha kwakukulu– Asidi ali ndi ma chloride ochepa (ochokera ku gwero la madzi). PREN 35-40 ya 904L imapereka kukana kwa dzenje. Womic adachita mayeso a G48 pa 40°C (oopsa kwambiri kuposa kutentha kwa ntchito 70°C? Kwenikweni kutentha kwa mayeso 40°C ndikotsika, koma FeCl₃ ndi yoopsa). Zotsatira: palibe dzenje pambuyo pa maola 72.
●Kutupa kwa intergranular pambuyo pa kuwotcherera– 904L ili ndi mpweya wochepa (≤ 0.020%), koma kupopera madzi a yankho kukufunikabe. Womic adachita kupopera madzi a yankho lonse pa 1100°C, kuzima madzi. Mayeso a ASTM A262 Practice E adapambana.
●Njira yowotcherera minda– Gulu lokonza mafakitale linkafunika WPS yoyenerera kuti ikonzedwe. Womic inapereka makuponi 15 a weld ndi WPS pogwiritsa ntchito GTAW, ERNiCrMo-3 filler, preheat 10-20°C, interpass ≤ 120°C, heat input ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm. Makuponi adapambana mayeso a RT, PT, ndi G28.
●Kutumiza katundu ku fakitale ya mankhwala yaku Germany– Mapaipi anatumizidwa kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku doko la Hamburg, kenako anatumizidwa ndi galimoto yaikulu kupita kumaloko. TÜV Germany inayang'ana mapaipi ku Hamburg. Matani onse 19 anatumizidwa mkati mwa milungu 10. Phukusi la zikalata (MTC 3.2, malipoti oyesera) linatumizidwa pakompyuta.
Zotsatira:Mapaipi atsopano a 904L adayikidwa mu kotala lachitatu la 2024. Pambuyo pa miyezi 12 yogwira ntchito, kuwunika sikunawonetse dzimbiri loyezeka, palibe dzenje, komanso palibe kutuluka kwa madzi. Kasitomala akuyembekezera moyo wautumiki wa zaka 15+ (mosiyana ndi zaka 1.5 za 316L). Womic Steel tsopano ndi wogulitsa woyenerera wa mapaipi ogwirira ntchito a sulfuric acid mu chomera ichi.
Lumikizanani nafe:
Webusaiti: www.womicsteel.com
Imelo: sales@womicsteel.com
Foni / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Womic Steel – Mnzanu wodalirika wa mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri a ASTM B673 UNS N08904 opangidwa ndi sulfuric ndi phosphoric acid, machitidwe a FGD, kuziziritsa madzi a m'nyanja, komanso ntchito yamphamvu ya mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi.
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