1. Womic Steel: Mphamvu Zopangira ndi Mphamvu za Kampani
Womic Steel Group ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga ndi kutumiza kunja padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi zaka zoposa 20 zaukadaulo popanga mapaipi osagwira dzimbiri (CRA) kuphatikiza ma nickel alloys, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwiri, ndi titaniyamu. Malo athu apadera opangira mapaipi opangidwa ndi nickel alloy welded amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wowotcherera ndi kuwongolera mwamphamvu momwe kutentha kumalowera komanso chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld kuti asunge kukana dzimbiri kwa alloy ndi mphamvu zake zamakanika:
●Mzere wa ERW (Kuwotcherera kwa Magetsi):Pa mainchesi kuyambira 6.35mm mpaka 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 0.5mm mpaka 12.7mm. Kuwotcherera kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi kutentha kochepa kuti tipewe kulekanitsa. Ndikoyenera mapaipi ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakati a N08825 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazida, jakisoni wa mankhwala, ndi mapaipi opangira zinthu.
●Mzere wa EFW (Electric Fusion Welding):Pa mainchesi kuyambira 219mm mpaka 1219mm (8″ – 48″), makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 4.0mm mpaka 50mm. TIG (GTAW) mizu yodutsa ndi SAW fill pass, pogwiritsa ntchito filler metal (ERNiCrMo-3 kapena ERNiCrMo-10) ndi inert gas shielding.
●Mzere wa LSAW / SAWL wa Nickel Alloys:Pa mainchesi kuyambira 406mm mpaka 1524mm (16″ – 60″), makulidwe a khoma mpaka 50mm. Kuwotcherera kwa arc komwe kumaviikidwa m'madzi a mbale za nickel zokulungidwa ndi kutentha kolamulidwa.
Mapaipi onse opangidwa ndi nickel alloy welded amapangidwa ndi solution annealing (heat therapy) pa 980-1040°C kenako amazimitsidwa ndi madzi kapena kuzizira kwa mpweya mwachangu kuti abwezeretse kukana dzimbiri ndikusungunula carbide iliyonse kapena intermetallic precipitates, kenako pickling ndi passivation.
Zitsimikizo Zaubwino & Kutsatira Malamulo:
● ISO 9001:2015 Yovomerezeka
● PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) ya zida zopondereza
● EN 10204 3.2 Satifiketi yotsimikizika ndi chipani chachitatu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
● Kuyang'aniridwa ndi Gulu Lachitatu (TPI) kovomerezedwa ndi SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
● NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 ya ntchito yonyowa (H₂S)
● Khodi ya ASME Boiler ndi Pressure Vessel (Gawo VIII, Div. 1) ngati pempho liperekedwa
Womic Steel imapereka mapaipi opangidwa ndi nickel alloy kumayiko opitilira 30 m'mafakitale opangira mankhwala, kupanga feteleza, nyukiliya, ndi mafakitale akunja.
Kusinthasintha kwa Kupanga:
● ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm WIT × ≤ 12m
● EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm WIT × ≤ 12m (yaitali ngati itapemphedwa)
● Kulemera kwa 406–1524mm × 6.0–50mm × ≤ 18m
● Zosankha zomalizitsa: Zophikidwa ndi kuviikidwa, zowala bwino (za chubu chaching'ono)
2. ASTM B705 UNS N08825: Kapangidwe ka Zinthu ndi Makhalidwe Abwino
UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) ndi aloyi ya nickel-iron-chromium yokhala ndi molybdenum, copper, ndi titaniyamu. Yapangidwa kuti ipereke kukana bwino kwambiri ku ma asidi ochepetsa komanso okosijeni, komanso ku chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (SCC) ndi ma pitting. Kuwonjezera kwa titaniyamu kumalimbitsa aloyi motsutsana ndi kuukira kwa intergranular pambuyo powotcherera (mofanana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zokhazikika). Kuchuluka kwa nickel (38-46%) kumapereka kukana bwino kwa chloride SCC, pomwe chromium ndi molybdenum zimapereka kukana kwa ma pitting. Copper imawonjezera kukana kwa sulfuric ndi phosphoric acid.
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala (Kusanthula kwa Ndende, % ndi kulemera):
| Chinthu | UNS N08825 (ASTM B705) |
| C | ≤ 0.050 (nthawi zambiri ≤ 0.025) |
| Mn | ≤ 1.00 |
| P | ≤ 0.030 |
| S | ≤ 0.030 |
| Si | ≤ 0.50 |
| Cr | 19.5 – 23.5 |
| Ni | 38.0 – 46.0 |
| Mo | 2.5 – 3.5 |
| Cu | 1.5 – 3.0 |
| Ti | 0.6 – 1.2 |
| Al | ≤ 0.20 |
| Fe | Kulinganiza |
Katundu wa Makina (Kutentha kwa Chipinda, Yankho Lophatikizidwa):
| Katundu | UNS N08825 |
| Mphamvu Yopereka (osachepera, 0.2% yochotsera) | 240 MPa (35,000 psi) |
| Mphamvu Yokoka (mphindi) | 550 MPa (80,000 psi) |
| Kutalika (mphindi, 50mm gauge) | 30% |
| Kuuma (kwachizolowezi) | 75-85 HRB |
Katundu Wachilengedwe:
● Kuchuluka: 8.14 g/cm³
● Modulus of Elasticity: 195 GPa (28.3 × 10⁶ psi)
● Kutentha kwa mpweya: 11.1 W/m·K pa 100°C
● Koyefifiti ya Kukulitsa Kutentha: 14.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)
Kukana Kudzikundikira:
● Kukana bwino kwambiri sulfuric acid pamitundu yosiyanasiyana (mpaka 96% pa kutentha kwapakati)
● Kukana kwambiri phosphoric acid (njira yonyowa) yokhala ndi ma chloride ndi fluoride
● Kukana bwino asidi wa nitric ndi ma asidi achilengedwe
● Kulimbana bwino ndi chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC)
● Kukana dzimbiri m'malo okhala ndi chloride (PREN ≈ 30-35)
● Yolimba ku dzimbiri la pakati pa granular pambuyo powotcherera (titaniyamu yokhazikika)
● Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sour service (NACE MR0175) mpaka kupsinjika pang'ono kwa H₂S
Malire a Kudzimbiritsa (Pafupifupi):
● Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄): imagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 96% kutentha kwa chipinda; imachepetsedwa ikawira
● Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄): yabwino kwambiri mpaka 80% pa 100°C
● Hydrochloric acid (HCl): imachepetsedwa kuti ichepetse kutentha kwa chipinda (< 5%)
● Nitric acid (HNO₃): yabwino mpaka 40% kutentha kwapakati
3. Kutsatira Miyeso ndi Magawo a Dimensional Range
| Chinthu | Kufotokozera |
| Muyezo | ASTM B705 / ASME SB-705 (paipi); ASTM B709 (paipi) |
| Njira Zopangira | ERW, EFW, LSAW |
| Kunja kwa Makulidwe Aakulu | ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW / LSAW: 219 - 1524mm |
| Makulidwe a Wall | ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW / LSAW: 4.0 - 50mm |
| Mndandanda wa Ndandanda | 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (ya NPS 1/8″ – 48″) |
| Kutalika kwa Utali | Mulingo: 6m; Kutalika: 12m, 18m, mpaka 18m (kutalika ngati mutapempha) |
| Mapeto Omaliza | Mapeto Opanda Chilema (PE), Mapeto Opindika (BE) |
| Kumaliza Pamwamba | Wothira ndi Wothira, Wowala Wothira |
| Kulekerera | OD: ±0.5% kapena ±3.2mm; Kulemera: ±12.5% (pa ASTM B775); Kutalika: +50mm / -0mm |
4. Miyeso ndi Mafotokozedwe Omwe Alipo - Chitoliro cha ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy (Makulidwe Osankhidwa Achizolowezi)
| NPS | OD (mm) | Ndandanda | Kulemera (mm) | Kulemera (kg/m2) | Kutalika Kwanthawizonse | Ntchito Yachizolowezi |
| 1/2″ | 21.3 | 40S | 2.77 | 1.27 | 6m | Jakisoni wa mankhwala |
| 3/4″ | 26.7 | 40S | 2.87 | 1.69 | 6m | Mizere ya zida |
| 1″ | 33.4 | 40S | 3.38 | 2.50 | 6m | Mizere yodyetsera asidi |
| 1-1/2″ | 48.3 | 40S | 3.68 | 4.05 | 6m | Kukonza mapaipi |
| 2″ | 60.3 | 40S | 3.91 | 5.44 | 6m / 12m | Asidi wa sulfuriki |
| 3″ | 88.9 | 40S | 5.49 | 11.3 | 6m / 12m | Asidi ya phosphoric |
| 4″ | 114.3 | 40S | 6.02 | 16.1 | 6m / 12m | Mizere ya evaporator |
| 6″ | 168.3 | 40S | 7.11 | 28.3 | 6m / 12m | Malo otulutsira a FGD |
| 8″ | 219.1 | 40S | 8.18 | 42.6 | 12m | Mzere wowawasa wakunja kwa nyanja |
| 10″ | 273.0 | 40S | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12m | Kukonzanso kwa asidi |
| 12″ | 323.9 | 40S | 10.31 | 79.8 | 12m | Mutu waukulu wa asidi |
| 16″ | 406.4 | 40S | 12.70 | 123.4 | 12m | Kukonzanso zida za nyukiliya |
| 20″ | 508.0 | 40S | 15.09 | 183.5 | 12m | Dayamita lalikulu |
| 24″ | 609.6 | 40S | 17.48 | 255.5 | 12m | Kugwiritsa ntchito mwapadera |
*Miyeso yopangidwa mwamakonda kunja kwa mitundu iyi ikupezeka. Mapaipi olumikizidwa a N08825 amafunika nthawi yayitali yotsogolera (masiku osachepera 60) chifukwa cha kupezeka kwapadera kwa strip/plate.*
5. Miyezo ndi Magiredi a Common Nickel Alloy Opangidwa ndi Womic Steel
| Muyezo | Magiredi a Chitsulo / Aloyi | Ntchito Yachizolowezi | Njira Yowotcherera |
| ASTM B705 | UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) | Sulfuriki, phosphoric acid | EFW/LSAW/ERW |
| ASTM B709 | UNS N08825 | Machubu, chosinthira kutentha | ERW |
| ASTM B619 | UNS N06022 (Hastelloy C-22), N10276 (C-276) | Zowononga kwambiri | EFW/LSAW |
| ASTM B622 | UNS N06022, N10276 | Kupaka mapaipi | ERW |
| ASTM B464 | UNS N08020 (20 Alloy) | Asidi wa sulfuriki | EFW |
| ASTM B729 | UNS N08020 | Kupaka mapaipi | ERW |
Kagwiritsidwe:Malo opangira asidi (H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, HNO₃), kukonzanso kwa nyukiliya, ntchito yothira mafuta m'nyanja, FGD, sitima zonyamula mankhwala.
6. Njira Yopangira - Chitoliro Chopangidwa ndi Nikeli (ERW, EFW, LSAW)
Kuwotcherera alloy ya nickel kumafuna kuwongolera mosamala momwe kutentha kumalowera komanso kutentha pambuyo pa kuwotcherera kuti kukhalebe kolimba. Alloy 825 imakhazikika mu titaniyamu, koma kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa kukhudzidwa kapena kulekanitsidwa.
Njira ya ERW (Kuwotcherera Magetsi) - Yaing'ono mpaka Yapakati (6.35–610mm OD):
●Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zopangira (Kudula/Kudula):Mzere wa aloyi wa nikeli wotsimikiziridwa kuti uli ndi kapangidwe ka N08825 (Ni 38-46%, Cr 19.5-23.5%, Mo 2.5-3.5%, Cu 1.5-3.0%, Ti 0.6-1.2%). Choyira chilichonse chili ndi chiwerengero chapadera cha kutentha chomwe chimatha kutsatiridwa bwino.
●Kutsegula ndi Kulinganiza
●Kudula Mphepete mwa Mzere
●Kupanga:Kupanga mipukutu mosalekeza.
●Kuwotcherera kwa Mafupipafupi Kwambiri:Kutentha kochepa (≤ 1.2 kJ/mm) kuti tipewe kulekanitsa. Kuwotcherera mumlengalenga wopanda mpweya (argon shielding) kuti tipewe okosijeni.
●Kusoka kwa Msoko:Kulowetsa mpweya wozizira kutsatiridwa ndi kuzizira mwachangu.
●Kukula ndi Kuwongolera
●Kudula Motalika
●NDT:Mayeso a Eddy current (100%) + UT yosankha.
●Kuthira Mayankho (Chitoliro Chonse):980-1040°C, chozimitsira madzi (kapena mpweya wozizira mofulumira). Chofunikira pakubwezeretsa kukana dzimbiri.
●Mayeso a Hydrostatic
●Kusankha ndi Kusangalala(pogwiritsa ntchito asidi wapadera wosakaniza pa nickel alloys)
●Kuyang'ana kwa PMI (XRF) ndi Ferrite (palibe ferrite mu nickel alloy)
●Kuyang'anira Komaliza ndi Kulemba
Njira ya EFW (Electric Fusion Welding) - Chidutswa Chachikulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–50mm WIT):
●Kukonzekera Mbale:Mbale ya aloyi ya nikeli, m'mbali mwake muli beveled (X bevel).
●Kupanga Ma Roll
●Kuwotcherera kwa Tack
●TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Chitsulo chodzaza chofanana (ERNiCrMo-3 kapena ERNiCrMo-10), mpweya wochirikiza wa argon wokhala ndi mpweya wolandira mpweya.
●Ma SAW Fill & Cap Passes:Kutentha kochepa (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm), kutentha kwa interpass ≤ 150°C. Kutuluka kwapadera kwa nickel alloys (sulfure yochepa).
●Cholumikizira Chamkati (cha mainchesi akulu)
●100% RT + UT(pa ASTM B775)
●Kusakaniza kwa Yankho:Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa mapaipi onse (980-1040°C), chozimitsira madzi.
●Kusankha ndi Kusangalala
●Mayeso a Hydrostatic
●Kuyang'anira PMI ndi Magawo
●Kulemba
Njira ya LSAW ya Nickel Alloys - Chidutswa Chachikulu Kwambiri (406–1524mm OD, 6.0–50mm WIT):
● UOE kapena JCOE yopangidwa kuchokera ku mbale ya aloyi ya nickel
● Kuwotcherera kwa SAW mbali ziwiri ndi kutentha kochepa
● Kuthira madzi okwanira pambuyo pothira madzi
Mfundo Zofunikira Zowongolera Zowotcherera za N08825:
● Kulowetsa kutentha: ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm (chandamale ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm)
● Kutentha kwa interpass: ≤ 150°C
● Mpweya woteteza: Argon (100%) wa TIG; argon + helium wa SAW
● Kuyeretsa: Kuchotsa mafuta kwambiri musanagwiritse ntchito chotenthetsera (nickel alloys yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi sulfure ndi lead)
● Kuthira madzi mu annealing: 980-1040°C, madzi ophikira - ndi ofunikira.
● Palibe ferrite mu weld metal (nickel alloy welds ndi austenitic mokwanira)
7. Njira Zowongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa Chitoliro cha ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy
| Gawo | Njira Yowunikira | Cholinga |
| Zopangira | Kusanthula kwa Mankhwala (OES kapena ICP) | Tsimikizirani malire a N08825 (Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Ti, Fe) |
| Zopangira | Kuyesa Kwamphamvu | Kutulutsa ≥ 240 MPa, Kumangirira ≥ 550 MPa |
| Zopangira | Kuuma | 75-85 HRB wamba |
| Zopangira | Mayeso a Kutupa (ASTM G28) | Kukana dzimbiri pakati pa granular (pothandizira asidi wofunikira) |
| Mukukonzekera | Kuwunika Kulowetsa Kutentha | ≤ 1.5 kJ/mm |
| Mukukonzekera | Kutentha kwa Interpass | ≤ 150°C |
| Kulukira (ERW) | Mphamvu ya Eddy (100%) | Umphumphu wa weld |
| Kulukana (EFW/LSAW) | 100% UT (kapena PAUT) | Dziwani zolakwika za weld |
| Kulukana (EFW/LSAW) | RT (10-100% pa spec) | Ubwino wa weld |
| Kulukana | Cholowetsa Utoto (PT) | Ming'alu pamwamba |
| Pambuyo pa Kuthetsa Mayankho | Mayeso a Kuuma | Tsimikizirani momwe yankho limakhalira |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso a Hydrostatic | Kukhulupirika kwa kupsinjika |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | PMI (XRF) | Tsimikizani giredi (Ni, Cr, Mo) |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Mayeso a Kutupa (ASTM G28 Practice A) | Kukana kwa IGC (ngati kwatchulidwa) |
| Chitoliro Chomalizidwa | Zojambula ndi Zolemba | Kutsata |
Mayeso Osankha pa Utumiki Wofunika Kwambiri:
● ASTM G28 Practice A (50% H₂SO₄ - ferric sulfate) yolimbana ndi dzimbiri pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono
● Kuyesa kwa ASTM G48 (mu FeCl₃, 6% pa 40°C) kuti mudziwe ngati chloride ikulimbana ndi chloride.
● Kuyesa kwa HIC/SSC kwa sour service (NACE TM0284, TM0177)
● Kuyesa kwa kutentha kokwera (monga, pa 300°C)
● Muyeso wa Ferrite (uyenera kukhala < 1% wa nickel alloys)
8. Ntchito Zoyambira - ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
●Zomera za sulfuric acid:Kugwira ntchito ndi oleum (H₂SO₄ + SO₃), asidi wokhuthala (96-98%), asidi wosungunuka (5-10%), ndi mapaipi oziziritsira a asidi. Kumalowa m'malo mwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimawononga mofulumira.
●Kupanga kwa phosphoric acid (njira yonyowa):Zotulutsa mpweya, zoziziritsira mpweya, ndi phosphoric acid yogwira ntchito m'mapaipi yokhala ndi ma chloride ndi fluoride. Alloy 825 imalimbana ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziume komanso kuchepetsa.
●Kukonzanso mafuta a nyukiliya:Kusamalira mafuta a nyukiliya omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito omwe asungunuka mu nitric acid ndi fluoride. N08825 imalimbana ndi dzimbiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri awa (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a Magnox ndi THORP).
●Utumiki wa sour wakunja kwa dziko:Kupanga mafuta ndi gasi ndi mphamvu zochepa za H₂S (mpaka 10 bar) pamodzi ndi ma chloride ambiri ndi kutentha mpaka 200°C. NACE MR0175 yoyenerera.
●Kuziziritsa kwa madzi a m'nyanja (kutentha kokwera):Makina oziziritsira madzi m'malo oyeretsera madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'malo opangira magetsi komwe kutentha kwa madzi a m'nyanja kumapitirira 45°C (komwe 2205 komanso ngakhale super duplex ingagwe). N08825 imalimbana ndi kugwedezeka kwa madzi mpaka 80°C.
●Ma duct otulutsira mpweya wa Flue desulfurization (FGD):Pansi pa ma absorption komwe kuli mpweya wonyowa wokhala ndi chloride wambiri. Alloy 825 ndi yokhazikika pa ma outlet ducting ndi stack liners.
●Ma tanki a mankhwala:Mapaipi onyamula katundu a mankhwala amphamvu kuphatikizapo sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, ndi organic acids. N08825 yavomerezedwa ndi makampani akuluakulu otumiza mankhwala.
●Zomera zokolera ndi zobwezeretsa asidi:Hydrochloric acid (dilute) ndi mizere yosakaniza ya pickling ya asidi kuti ipange chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
●Kusamalira madzi otayira:Zinyalala zamafakitale zomwe zimawononga kwambiri zimatuluka m'mafakitale a mankhwala (ma acid osakaniza, zitsulo zolemera, ma chloride).
9. Kupaka ndi Kutumiza - ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
Kupaka:
●Chitetezo choletsa dzimbiri:Kukulunga ndi pulasitiki kapena pepala la VCI. Pa ntchito ya mankhwala, mafuta otsala saloledwa (kukulunga bwino).
●Zipewa zomaliza:Zipewa zapulasitiki zolemera (zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - nthawi zambiri zimakhala za lalanje pa N08825).
●Kulumikiza (Ma diameter ang'onoang'ono):Chitoliro chilichonse chizikulungidwa payekhapayekha, kenako chizikulungidwa ndi zingwe zopanda chitsulo (pewani kukhudzana ndi zingwe zachitsulo kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa).
●Ma phukusi a munthu aliyense payekha (Ma diameter akuluakulu):Chokulungira filimu ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi mphete za thovu pakati pa mapaipi.
●Mabokosi amatabwapa ntchito zofunika kwambiri (za nyukiliya, zamankhwala).
Manyamulidwe:
● Zidebe za ≤ 610mm, zolemera kwambiri kuti zikhale zazikulu.
●Zolemba:MTC 3.1/3.2 (EN 10204), lipoti la mayeso a hydrotest, malipoti a UT/RT, lipoti la PMI, lipoti la mayeso a dzimbiri (ASTM G28 ngati lafotokozedwa), lipoti la miyeso, mndandanda wa zolongedza, COO. Kutsata kwathunthu kuyambira nambala ya kutentha mpaka chitoliro chomalizidwa.
10. Ubwino ndi Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri pa Chitsulo cha Womic - ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Nickel Alloy Pipe
N’chifukwa Chiyani Mukugwirizana ndi Womic Steel pa N08825 Welded Pipe?
● Kukula Konse: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 48″.
● Kuthira madzi okwanira pambuyo pothira (980-1040°C, chozimitsira madzi).
● Kuyesa dzimbiri kwa ASTM G28 komwe kulipo (kofunikira kuti asidi agwiritsidwe ntchito).
● Satifiketi ya NACE MR0175 ya utumiki wokoma.
● Kuwongolera khalidwe molimba - palibe ferrite mu chitsulo chosungunula.
● Nthawi yopikisana yotsogolera mapaipi a nickel alloy: masiku 60-75 a ERW, masiku 75-90 a EFW.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri) - ASTM B705 UNS N08825 Welded Pipe
Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa Incoloy 825 (N08825) ndi Alloy 20 (N08020) ndi kotani?
A: Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka sulfuric acid. Alloy 20 (N08020) ili ndi nickel yotsika (32-38%) ndi chromium yokwera (19-21%) yokhala ndi mkuwa. N08825 ili ndi nickel yokwera (38-46%) ndi molybdenum (2.5-3.5%) komanso titaniyamu yokhazikika. N08825 ili ndi kukana bwino ku pitting ndi chloride SCC ndipo ndi yoyenera kwambiri popereka sour (H₂S). Alloy 20 ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri pa phosphoric acid ndipo imachepetsa sulfuric acid popanda ma chloride. N08825 nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pakakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Q: Kodi N08825 imalimbana ndi sulfuric acid pamlingo uliwonse?
A: Ayi. N08825 ndi yabwino kwambiri pa sulfuric acid mpaka pafupifupi 60% pa kutentha mpaka 100°C, komanso pa kutentha pakati pa 85-96% pa kutentha kwa chipinda. Pakati pa kutentha (60-85%) komanso pa kutentha kwakukulu, dzimbiri likhoza kukhala lalikulu. Pa kutentha kwambiri kwa H₂SO₄ (> 90%, > 150°C), ma alloy apadera monga Hastelloy C-276 angafunike. Nthawi zonse fufuzani ma chart a dzimbiri kuti mudziwe zinthu zinazake.
Q: Kodi N08825 imafuna chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld pambuyo pa weld?
A: Pa ntchito zambiri, N08825 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati yolumikizidwa chifukwa titaniyamu imaletsa kukhudzidwa. Komabe, ASTM B705 imafuna kuyatsa kwa yankho (kutentha) kwa chitoliro cholumikizidwa kuti chikwaniritse mphamvu zamakina komanso kukana dzimbiri. Womic imagwira ntchito yoyatsa yankho pa mapaipi onse olumikizidwa. Pa kuyatsa kwa munda, palibe PWHT yofunikira pa N08825.
Q: Ndi zitsulo ziti zodzaza zolumikizira zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa pa N08825?
A: AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 (Inconel 625) kapena ERNiCrMo-10 (Inconel 622) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikiza N08825. Chodzaza chofanana ndi ERNiCrMo-3. Womic amagwiritsa ntchito ERNiCrMo-3 pa njira za EFW. Pakulumikiza m'munda, chodzaza chomwecho chimalimbikitsidwa.
Q: Kodi N08825 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka madzi a m'nyanja?
A: Inde. N08825 imapirira bwino kwambiri dzimbiri la m'madzi a m'nyanja, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 80°C). Nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito poziziritsira madzi a m'nyanja m'malo oyeretsera ndi m'malo opangira magetsi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komwe super duplex (2205) imatha kuvutika ndi dzimbiri la m'nyanja kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, pa ntchito zambiri za m'madzi a m'nyanja, duplex kapena super duplex ndi yokwanira komanso yotsika mtengo. N08825 nthawi zambiri imasungidwa m'madzi a m'nyanja okhala ndi mankhwala ena owononga (monga madzi a m'nyanja okhala ndi chlorine, kuipitsidwa ndi asidi).
Q: Kodi N08825 ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sour service (H₂S)?
A: Inde. N08825 ndi yoyenerera malinga ndi NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 pa ntchito ya sour ndi H₂S pang'ono kupanikizika mpaka 1 bar (15 psi) ndi kupitirira apo, kutengera kulimba kwa mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika machubu olowera pansi, njira zoyendera, ndi mapaipi opangira mafuta m'minda ya sour ndi gasi komwe 2205 duplex siyokwanira chifukwa cha H₂S yambiri kapena ma chloride.
Q: Kodi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chitoliro cholumikizidwa cha UNS N08825 ndi yotani?
A: Masiku 60-75 a ERW (ma diameter ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati), masiku 75-90 a EFW/LSAW (ma diameter akuluakulu). Nthawi ya lead ndi yayitali kuposa ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa mzere wa alloy/plate umapangidwa pang'ono ndi nthawi yayitali ya lead ya mphero. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi gulu lachitatu kumawonjezera masiku 7-14. Maoda ofulumira (masiku 45-60) akhoza kukhala otheka pa kukula koyenera ngati zinthu zilipo.
Q: Kodi kutentha kwakukulu kogwirira ntchito kwa N08825 ndi kotani?
A: N08825 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza mpaka 550°C (1020°F) m'malo osakhala ndi asidi. Pa ntchito yowononga, kutentha kwakukulu kumachepetsedwa ndi dzimbiri. Mu sulfuric acid, ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera <100°C; mu phosphoric acid mpaka <150°C. Pa ntchito yotenthetsera kutentha kwambiri, ma alloy okhala ndi chromium yambiri (monga Alloy 600, 601, kapena 625) amalimbikitsidwa.
Chitsimikizo cha Pulojekiti - Chosinthira Mapaipi ndi Chosinthira Chomera cha North American Sulfuric Acid
Dziko:United States (Louisiana, Gulf Coast chemical corridor)
Muyezo ndi Giredi:ASTM B705 UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825)
Miyeso ndi Kuchuluka:
● OD 219.1mm (8″) × Ndondomeko 40S (8.18mm WIT) – mamita 600 (pafupifupi matani 20) – Njira ya EFW
● OD 168.3mm (6″) × Ndondomeko 40S (7.11mm WIT) – mamita 400 (pafupifupi matani 10) – Njira ya EFW
● OD 88.9mm (3″) × Ndondomeko 40S (5.49mm WT) – mamita 800 (pafupifupi matani 8) – Njira ya ERW
● OD 60.3mm (2″) × Ndondomeko 80S (5.54mm WT) – mamita 1,000 (pafupifupi matani 6) – Njira ya ERW
Zonse:Mamita 2,800, pafupifupi matani 44
Mafotokozedwe:Mayankho a ASTM B705 UNS N08825 ophimbidwa ndi kuviikidwa m'madzi, opindika. Kuyesa kwa hydrostatic. 100% UT ya mapaipi a EFW, mphamvu ya eddy + UT ya ERW. PMI pa chitoliro chilichonse. Kuyesa koyenera kwa dzimbiri pakati pa granular malinga ndi ASTM G28 Practice A (njira ya ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid) - kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri < 10 mpy (mil pachaka). Kuyesa kukana kwa hydrofluoric acid (kwa kasitomala). Kuyang'aniridwa ndi chipani chachitatu ndi SGS USA.
Ntchito:Kubwezeretsa mapaipi obwezeretsanso asidi ndi mizere yogwirizana nayo mu chomera chobwezeretsanso asidi wa sulfuric. Chomeracho chimabwezeretsa asidi wa sulfuric wochokera ku mayunitsi a alkylation (refinery) mwa kuwola ndi kukonzanso kutentha. Mapaipiwo amagwira ntchito ndi asidi wotentha wa sulfuric (85-95% H₂SO₄) pa kutentha kwa 150-200°C mu gawo lobwezeretsanso, ndi asidi wochepetsera (5-10% H₂SO₄) pa kutentha kwa 80-100°C mu gawo lozimitsira. Mapaipi a Alloy 20 (N08020) alephera patatha zaka 4 chifukwa cha dzimbiri ndi kusweka kwa intergranular. N08825 idasankhidwa chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwambiri asidi wokhuthala komanso wochepetsera, komanso kukhazikika kwa titaniyamu.
Mavuto ndi Mayankho a Ukadaulo:
●Asidi ya sulfuric yokhazikika kwambiri (85-95%, 150-200°C)– Alloy 20 imawononga pamitengo yoposa 50 mpy pansi pa mikhalidwe iyi. N08825 yokhala ndi yankho lotetezedwa ndi zitsulo zoyenera imapereka chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri < 5 mpy mu mayeso a ASTM G28 komanso mu yankho loyeserera la kasitomala (85% H₂SO₄ pa 180°C, maola 336). Womic idapereka malipoti oyesera mphero ndi makuponi oyesera dzimbiri.
●Kuopsa kwa dzimbiri pakati pa granular pambuyo powotcherera– Ngakhale kuti N08825 ndi yokhazikika mu titaniyamu, kutentha kosayenera panthawi yopanga kungayambitse mvula ya chromium carbide pamalire a tirigu. Kutenthetsa koyendetsedwa ndi womic kunafika pa ≤ 1.2 kJ/mm ndipo kunachita kutenthetsa kwathunthu pambuyo pa kuwotcherera. Kuyesa kwa ASTM G28 pa zitsanzo za weld kunawonetsa kuti dzimbiri linali 4-7 mpy (pansi pa malire a 10 mpy).
●Kuyenerera kwa njira yowotcherera munda– Gulu lokonza zomera linkafunika kukonza minda. Womic inapereka makuponi 20 a weld a 6″ Schedule 40S okhala ndi WPS yovomerezeka: GTAW yokhala ndi ERNiCrMo-3 filler, 100% argon backing, interpass ≤ 150°C. Makuponi adapambana mayeso a x-ray, PT, ndi ASTM G28. Gulu lowongolera la kasitomala linatsimikizira njirayi.
●Kutsimikizira kwa PMI - kusiyanitsa N08825 ndi ma alloys otsika– Pachiwopsezo chosakaniza N08825 ndi Alloy 825 (UNS yomweyo) poyerekeza ndi Alloy 625 (zopangidwa zosiyana). Womic adachita XRF pa chitoliro chilichonse ndipo adalemba chilichonse ndi ma tag okhala ndi mtundu (lalanje la 825). Palibe kusokonezeka komwe kunachitika.
●Kayendetsedwe ka katundu panthawi yokonzekera kusintha (kutsekedwa kwa masabata anayi)– Mapaipi anatumizidwa kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku New Orleans, kenako anatumizidwa ku Louisiana. Matani onse 44 anafika masiku 10 ntchito isanayambe. Womic inapereka satifiketi yovomerezeka ya mphero (EN 10204 Type 3.2) ndi malipoti oyesera dzimbiri pasadakhale kuti kasitomala avomereze QA.
Zotsatira:Chomera chobwezeretsa asidi chinayambidwanso bwino pambuyo pokonza. Pambuyo pa miyezi 12 yogwira ntchito, kuyang'anitsitsa mapaipi a N08825 sikunawonetse dzimbiri loyezeka, kusweka, komanso kuukira pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kasitomalayo adaganiza kuti mapaipi atsopanowa azitha zaka 15+ (poyerekeza ndi zaka 4 za Alloy 20). Womic Steel yawonjezedwa pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zavomerezedwa ndi chomeracho kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa asidi mtsogolo.
Lumikizanani nafe:
Webusaiti: www.womicsteel.com
Imelo: sales@womicsteel.com
Foni / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Chitsulo cha Womic – Mnzanu wodalirika wa mapaipi a ASTM B705 UNS N08825 opangidwa ndi nickel alloy ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale a sulfuric ndi phosphoric acid, kukonzanso kwa nyukiliya, ntchito yothira sour m'nyanja, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'nyanja otentha kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
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