Zinthu Zapakati (Chitsulo Chothandizira - zosankha zingapo):
Zinthu Zapakati (Chitsulo Chothandizira - zosankha zingapo):
● SA-210 Gr.C(ASME SA-210) – mtundu wa chubu cha boiler chachitsulo cha kaboni
● SA-106 Gr.B(ASTM A106) - chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chotentha kwambiri
●API 5L X52 / X60 / X65(API 5L PSL2) - mitundu ya mapaipi a mzere wa mafuta ndi gasi
●ASTM A333 Gr.6(A333 Gr.6) - chitsulo cha kaboni chotentha pang'ono
●ASTM A335 P11 / P22(A335 P11/P22) – Chitsulo cha Cr-Mo chopangira kutentha kwambiri
Chophimba (chophimba cha CRA):316L (UNS S31603 / 1.4404) – chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda kaboni wochepa, chabwino kwambiri cholimbana ndi dzimbiri la CO₂, chotha kusungunula bwino, cholimba ku okosijeni wamba ndi ma asidi ofatsa, PREN 24 26
Kukula kwa Kukula:OD 25 – 168 mm (kutulutsa kopanda msoko) ndi OD 168 – 1219 mm (yolumikizidwa ndi hot roll + JCOE). Kukhuthala kwa khoma lapakati 3 – 40 mm. Kukhuthala kwa cladding 1.5 – 3.5 mm. Kutalika kwa single mpaka 15 m (kopanda msoko) kapena 24 m (yolumikizidwa).
Njira:Kutulutsa kotentha (kopanda msoko) kapena kulumikiza kotentha + kupanga JCOE (kolumikizidwa). Mphamvu yocheka ya chigwirizano chachitsulo ≥200 MPa (yolumikizidwa) kapena ≥300 MPa (yopanda msoko). 100% NDT, hydrotest, flattening, tensile. Kumaliza koviikidwa ndi kosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Miyezo:Gawo lachiwiri la ASME Gawo A, API 5LD, ASTM A106/A333/A335/SA-210, EN 10216-2, EN 12952-2, NACE MR0175 (316L yoyenera kutentha mpaka 60°C). Kuyesa kofanana ndi ASTM E213, ISO 10893 10.
Mapulogalamu:Makoma a madzi a boiler, zinthu zosungira ndalama, zosinthira kutentha, mapaipi otentha pang'ono, mizere yopangira CO₂, kusonkhanitsa gasi wachilengedwe wokoma, mapaipi olumikizira fakitale yoyeretsera, mapaipi opangira mankhwala.
Chitsulo cha Womicndi katswiri wopanga mapaipi okhala ndi 316L okhala ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Timapereka njira zolumikizirana ndi zitsulo, zosagwira dzimbiri, zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi, mafuta ndi gasi, petrochemical, komanso ntchito yotsika kutentha. Miyeso yapadera ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu ena zilipo. Lumikizanani nafe kuti musankhe magiredi ndi mtengo.
1. N’chifukwa Chiyani Chitoliro Chokhala ndi Mizere ya 316L? Chodziwika Kwambiri, Chogwiritsidwa Ntchito Mosiyanasiyana Kwambiri cha CRA
316L (UNS S31603 / 1.4404) ndiyealloy yodziwika bwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi dzimbiri (CRA) ya chitoliro chophimbidwachifukwa imagwira bwino ntchito yolimbana ndi dzimbiri, kusinthasintha bwino, komanso mtengo wake ndi wochepa. Poyerekeza ndi 304L, 316L imawonjezera 2-3% ya molybdenum, yomwe imawonjezera kwambiri kukana kwa dzenje m'malo okhala ndi chloride.
Mphamvu zazikulu za 316L ngati cholumikizira:
● Kukana bwino kwambiriCO₂ dzimbiri(ntchito yokoma)
● Kukana bwino kusungunuka kwa sulfure, ma organic acid, ndi mitsinje yambiri ya mankhwala
● Mtengo wotsika poyerekeza ndi ma alloy a duplex, super duplex, kapena nickel
● Imapezeka kwambiri, ndipo anthu opanga zinthu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito amamvetsetsa bwino
● Mpweya wotsika (≤0.03%) umalepheretsa kukhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa panthawi yowotcherera
● Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka ~450°C pokonza zinthu zowononga
Chifukwa chiyani 316L imagwirizanitsa ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zotsalira?Chifukwazofunikira pamakina ndi kutenthazosiyanasiyana:
| Chitsulo Chothandizira | Muyezo | Mphamvu ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito | Nthawi yoti musankhe |
| SA-210 Gr.C | ASME SA-210 | Machubu a boiler, makoma a madzi, zinthu zoteteza chuma | Kugwiritsa ntchito boiler yamagetsi yokhala ndi kutentha kwachitsulo ≤450°C |
| SA-106 Gr.B | ASTM A106 | Mapaipi otentha kwambiri (mpaka 425°C) | Makina oyeretsera ndi osinthira mankhwala |
| API 5L X52/X60/X65 | API 5L | Chitoliro champhamvu kwambiri cha mafuta ndi gasi | Mapaipi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja/kunja kwa nyanja, kulowetsedwa kwa CO₂ |
| ASTM A333 Gr.6 | ASTM A333 | Kutentha kochepa (-45°C) | Mapaipi a Arctic, kusonkhana kwa madera ozizira |
| ASTM A335 P11/P22 | ASTM A335 | Kutentha kwambiri, kosagwedezeka | Machubu a Superheater, mitu yotenthetsera kwambiri |
Posankha choyenerakumbuyo + claddingMukaphatikizana, mumapewa kutchula mopitirira muyeso (kulipira mphamvu yosafunikira kapena alloy) kapena kutchula moperewera (kulephera msanga).
2. Zosankha za Chitsulo Chothandizira + Chophimba cha 316L - Zambiri Zokhudza
2.1 SA-210 Gr.C / 316L (Chotenthetsera ndi Chotenthetsera)
| Chizindikiro | SA 210 Gr.C | Chivundikiro cha 316L |
| Kuchuluka kwa zokolola (MPa) | 245 | 170 |
| Mphindi yolimba (MPa) | 485 | 485 |
| Kutentha kwakukulu (°C) | 450 | 450 (zowononga) |
| Ntchito yaikulu | Makoma a madzi a boiler, zinthu zoteteza chuma | Chitetezo cha dzimbiri cha CO₂ |
Miyeso yachizolowezi:OD 51-127 mm, kulemera kwapakati 5-12 mm, cladding 1.5-2.5 mm.
Amalowa m'malo:Chitsulo cha kaboni chopanda kanthu (chomwe chimatha kugwidwa ndi dzenje) kapena cholimba cha 316L (chokwera mtengo kwambiri, mphamvu yosafunikira).
2.2 SA-106 Gr.B / 316L (Mapaipi Otentha Kwambiri)
| Chizindikiro | SA 106 Gr.B | Chivundikiro cha 316L |
| Kuchuluka kwa zokolola (MPa) | 240 | 170 |
| Mphindi yolimba (MPa) | 415 | 485 |
| Kutentha kwakukulu (°C) | 425 | 400-450 |
| Ntchito yaikulu | Mizere yosamutsira mafakitale oyeretsera, mapaipi opangira zinthu | Kuzipa pang'ono / ntchito ya CO₂ |
Miyeso yachizolowezi:OD 60-610 mm (yopanda msoko mpaka 168 mm, yolumikizidwa kupitirira). Kulemera kwapakati malinga ndi kapangidwe kake.
2.3 API 5L X52 / X60 / X65 + 316L (Chitoliro cha Mafuta ndi Gasi)
| Giredi | Kuchuluka kwa zokolola (MPa) | Zabwino kwambiri pa |
| X52 | 360 | Kuthamanga kwapakati kochepa, ntchito ya CO₂ |
| X60 | 415 | Mapaipi othamanga kwambiri apakati |
| X65 | 450 | Kupanikizika kwakukulu, mtunda wautali |
Ntchito:Mapaipi a gasi wofewa (CO₂ alipo, H₂S yotsika), njira zoyendetsera mafuta owonjezereka a CO₂ (EOR), njira zoyendetsera madzi zopangidwa.
Kukhuthala kwa cladding:Kawirikawiri 2-3 mm.
2.4 ASTM A333 Gr.6 / 316L (Chitoliro Chofunda Chotentha Kwambiri)
| Chizindikiro | A333 Gr.6 | Chivundikiro cha 316L |
| Kuchuluka kwa zokolola (MPa) | 240 | 170 |
| Kutentha kwa mayeso a mphamvu | -45°C | Sikofunikira |
| Ntchito yaikulu | Mapaipi a Arctic, kusonkhanitsa mpweya m'dera lozizira | Pewani kuuma kwa chitsulo cha kaboni pa kutentha kochepa |
Zindikirani:316L imakhalabe yofewa kutentha kotsika; kuphatikiza ndi A333 Gr.6, chitoliro chophimbidwacho chimasunga kulimba kwa mphamvu mpaka -45°C.
2.5 ASTM A335 P11 / P22 + 316L (Ntchito Yotentha Kwambiri ya Cr-Mo)
| Giredi | Cr (%) | Mwezi (%) | Kutentha kwakukulu (°C) |
| P11 | 1.0-1.5 | 0.44-0.65 | 550 |
| P22 | 2.0-2.5 | 0.87-1.13 | 575 |
Chogwiritsira ntchito:Ma header otentha kwambiri, machubu a superheater, ma heater a refinery komwe dzimbiri lamkati mwa madzi limafuna 316L, koma mphamvu yakunja yoyandama imafuna Cr-Mo alloy. Chophimba cha 316L chimateteza pamwamba pamkati ku zinthu zowononga pomwe P11/P22 imapereka kukana kwa kuyandama.
Zindikirani:Kusiyana kwa kutentha komwe kumakula kumatheka; mgwirizano wa zitsulo umatsimikizira kuti palibe kulekanitsidwa komwe kumachitika panthawi ya kutentha.
3. Njira Zopangira - Zopanda Msoko (Zotulutsa) vs. Zolumikizidwa (Zotentha + JCOE)
| Mbali | Yopanda msoko (OD ≤168 mm) | Wolukidwa (OD 168-1219 mm) |
| Chikwama chaching'ono / slab | Chogwirira cha Composite (chubu - kupanga) | Mbale yolumikizidwa ndi vacuum roll |
| Kupanga koyamba | Kutentha kotentha | Makina osindikizira a JCOE kapena UOE |
| Msoko wautali | Palibe | Msoko umodzi wa SAW wautali |
| Mphamvu yometa ubweya wa mgwirizano | ≥300 MPa | ≥200 MPa |
| Kulekerera | Yothina kwambiri | API/ASME Yokhazikika |
| Kutalika kwanthawi zonse mpaka | 15 m | 24 m |
| Zabwino kwambiri pa | Machubu a boiler, chosinthira kutentha cha U-bends, mainchesi ang'onoang'ono | Mapaipi akutali, zokwezera zazikulu |
Njira zonsezi zimaperekamgwirizano wa zitsulozomwe sizingasweke pansi pa mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito. Pa ma boiler ambiri ndi ma heat exchanger tubers (≤6″), osasweka ndi omwe amakondedwa. Pa mapaipi otumizira (≥8″), hot roll + JCOE ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yotsimikizika.
Njira zodziwika bwino:
1. Kukonzekera kwa billet / mbale (316L wosanjikiza womwe wayikidwa mkati)
2. Kutseka vacuum kuti mupewe okosijeni
3. Kutulutsa kotentha (kapena kugwedeza kotentha)
4. Kuchiza kutentha (kupopera madzi kwa 316L; kuyeretsa / kulimbitsa chitsulo chosungira)
5. Kumaliza kozizira (kujambula kapena kukula)
6. Kusanza ndi kutopa
7. 100% NDT (UT ya chikole, weld, ndi voliyumu)
8. Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic
9. Malizitsani kumaliza ndi kulongedza
4. Pulogalamu Yowunikira ndi Kuyesa (Yodziwika bwino pa zitsulo zonse zotsalira)
Timagwiritsa ntchito mayeso molingana ndi muyezo woyenera wa zinthu zomangira kumbuyo ndi mawonekedwe a chitoliro chophimbidwa (API 5LD kapena makonda).
| Mayeso | Njira | Chigawo | Kuvomereza |
| Bond UT | Thupi lonse, mafunde oduladula | 100% | Palibe kugawanika >50mm, chiwerengero chonse <2% |
| Longitudinal UT | ASTM E213 / ISO 10893 10 | 100% | Palibe mawu omveka bwino |
| Madzi Osasintha | Kupanikizika kwa kapangidwe ka 1.5 × | Chitoliro chilichonse | Palibe kutayikira |
| Kulimba (kumbuyo) | Pa A106/SA-210/API/A333/A335 | Pa kutentha kulikonse | Kukwaniritsa giredi yocheperako |
| Kulimba (mphamvu ya chomangira) | Kankhirani kunja kapena kumeta mphete | Pa gulu lililonse | ≥200 MPa (yolumikizidwa) / 300 MPa (yopanda msoko) |
| Kuuma | HV10 | Chivundikiro chapakati + | 316L ≤200 HV; kumbuyo ≤ spec |
| Kuphwanyika | ASME SA 450 | Pa gulu lililonse | Palibe ming'alu mpaka 2/3 OD |
| PMI (316L) | XRF | Chubu chilichonse | Tsimikizani aloyi |
Mayeso owonjezera akafunsidwa:Kugunda kwa Charpy (kubwerera kumbuyo pa kutentha kofunikira), dzimbiri la intergranular (ASTM A262 Practice E pa 316L), NACE TM0177 / TM0284 kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda mphamvu (316L imavomerezeka mpaka 60°C yokha komanso kupanikizika pang'ono kwa H₂S).
Satifiketi:Muyezo wa EN 10204 Mtundu 3.1. Mtundu 3.2 wokhala ndi mboni ya chipani chachitatu (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS) ulipo pamtengo wowonjezera.
5. Matrix Yogwiritsira Ntchito - Ndi Chitsulo Chothandizira Chiti + 316L cha Ntchito Iti?
| Malo Ochitira Utumiki | Chitsulo Chothandizira | Kuphimba | Ndemanga |
| Khoma la madzi a boiler (losafunikira kwenikweni) | SA-210 Gr.C | 316L | Zimateteza ku mpweya woipa, kuyeretsa asidi |
| Wosamalira Zachuma | SA-210 Gr.C | 316L | Chitetezo cha pH yotsika |
| Chotenthetsera madzi (ntchito yokoma) | SA-106 Gr.B | 316L | Kukana dzimbiri konse |
| Kusonkhanitsa mpweya wachilengedwe wa CO₂ (kumtunda) | API 5L X52/X60 | 316L | Yankho la mpweya wotsekemera wamba |
| Mzere wa jakisoni wa CO₂ EOR (kuthamanga kwambiri) | API 5L X65 | 316L | Mphamvu yayikulu imafunika kuti CO₂ ichepetse |
| Mpaipi wa gasi wa ku Arctic | A333 Gr.6 | 316L | Kuyesa kwa mphamvu pa -45°C kumafunika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kumbuyo |
| Mzere wosamutsira fakitale yoyeretsera (400 450°C) | SA-106 Gr.B | 316L | Kutentha kwapakati + dzimbiri lamkati |
| Chotenthetsera chapamwamba kwambiri / mutu | A335 P11/P22 | 316L | Mphamvu yolowera kuchokera ku Cr-Mo, cholumikizira cha dzimbiri |
| Mapaipi a mankhwala otsika mphamvu | A106 Gr.B | 316L | Chitoliro chopangidwa ndi m'mphepete chotsika mtengo |
Pa kuphatikiza kulikonse, Womic Steel ingathandize kusintha makulidwe a cladding (kuyambira 1.5 mm mpaka 3.5 mm) kutengera nthawi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu (nthawi zambiri zaka 20-30).
6. Kutsimikizira Ubwino ndi Kutsata Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri
● Kutentha kulikonse kwa chitsulo chothandizira ndi 316L kuli ndi zikalata zonse zolembedwa ndi satifiketi ya EN 10204 3.1 yoperekedwa ndi wogulitsa.
● Zolemba za ndondomeko: kutentha kwa extrusion/rolling, tchati cha kutentha kwa nthawi yochizira kutentha, kusanthula kwa kusamba kwa pickling.
● Chubu chilichonse chimalandira manambala apadera a kutentha (magawo onse awiri) osindikizidwa kapena osindikizidwa.
● Lipoti lomaliza la kafukufuku limaphatikizapo zolemba za dimensional, UT, hydro, ndi zithunzi.
● Timasunga zitsanzo za mayeso owononga (kudula bond, kukakamiza) kwa zaka 10.
Timalandira ndikuthandiziraKuyang'anira kwa Gulu Lachitatupa magawo onse. Mabungwe oyendera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito: SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS, LR. Pa mapulojekiti omwe amafunaEN 10204 Mtundu 3.2, timagwirizana ndi bungweli ndikupereka ziphaso moyenerera.
7. Kulongedza, Kutumiza & Nthawi Yotsogolera
Pamwamba pa chimaliziro:Yoviikidwa ndi yosagwiritsidwa ntchito (yachizolowezi). Kuti isungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, pamwamba pa chitsulo cha kaboni chothandizira pakhoza kupakidwa mafuta. 316L mkati mwake ndi yopanda ntchito - mafuta safunika.
Chitetezo cha kumapeto:Zipewa zapulasitiki (zipewa zachitsulo za khoma lolemera).
Kusonkhanitsa:M'mimba mwake mwaing'ono (≤88.9 mm) m'ma hex bundles okhala ndi zingwe zachitsulo okhala ndi matabwa opatulira. Ma cradles akuluakulu okhala ndi m'mimba mwake.
Kuyika zinthu mu chidebe:Zidebe zokhazikika za 20′ kapena 40′ zazitali ≤12 m. Tsegulani pamwamba kapena pansalu yosalala kuti mukhale ndi mainchesi ataliatali.
Madoko a panyanja:FOB Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao (kapena doko lililonse la China). CIF/CFR kupita ku madoko apadziko lonse lapansi.Nthawi yoyerekeza yopezera ndalama (oda loyamba):
● SA-210 Gr.C / 316L: masabata 12-14
● SA-106 Gr.B / 316L: masabata 12-14
● API 5L X52-X65 / 316L: Masabata 14-16 (kusonkhanitsa zinthu zapaipi)
● A333 Gr.6 / 316L: Masabata 14-16
● A335 P11/P22 / 316L: Masabata 16-20 (kusonkhanitsa kwapadera kwa alloy)
Kubwereza maoda nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperapo kwa milungu iwiri kapena inayi. Kuchuluka kwa mayeso (100 mamita 300) kungachedwetsedwe - funsani ngati zingatheke.
Kuchuluka kochepa kwa oda:Palibe MOQ yokhwima; magulu ang'onoang'ono oyesera amavomerezedwa kuti ayenerere. Maoda akuluakulu (>500 metres) amalandira mitengo yabwino.
8. Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri) - Chitoliro Chokhala ndi Zitsulo Zosiyanasiyana Zothandizira
Q1: Kodi kutentha kwakukulu kwa 316L cladding mu ntchito yowononga ndi kotani?
A: 316L ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka pafupifupi450°C(840°F) ikugwira ntchito yowononga mosalekeza. Kupatula apo, kukhudzidwa (kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbide) kungachitike, zomwe zimachepetsa kukana kwa dzenje. Pa kutentha kwakukulu, ganizirani za Alloy 825 kapena 625 cladding.
Q2: Kodi chitoliro chophimbidwa cha 316L chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza zinthu zonyowa (H₂S)?
A: 316L ndizochepamu ntchito ya sour. NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 imalola 316L m'malo ouma pokhapokha ngati: kuchuluka kwa chloride kuli kotsika (<50 ppm), pH >3.5, kutentha <60°C, ndi kupanikizika pang'ono kwa H₂S <0.05 psi. Pa mpweya wonyowa wamba (wokwera H₂S), tikupangira Incoloy 825 kapena Alloy 28 cladding m'malo mwake.
Q3: Ndi chitsulo chiti chothandizira chomwe ndiyenera kusankha pa khoma la madzi a boiler?
A:SA-210 Gr.Cndiye muyezo wa makoma a madzi ndi zinthu zotetezera kutentha. Ngati boiler yanu ndi yochepa kwambiri komanso kutentha kwachitsulo kuli pansi pa 450°C, iyi ndiye chisankho chotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Q4: Ndikufuna kulimba kotsika kutentha (-45°C). Kodi ndingagwiritsebe ntchito chivundikiro cha 316L?
A: Inde. Sankhani chitsulo chothandiziraASTM A333 Gr.6yomwe imayesedwa kuti iwonongeke pa -45°C. Chophimba cha 316L sichikhudza mphamvu ya impact; chimakhalabe chofewa kutentha kochepa. Chitoliro chonse chophimbidwa chikhoza kuperekedwa ndi mayeso athunthu a Charpy.
Q5: Pa payipi ya CO₂ yothamanga kwambiri (1500 psi, 80°C), ndi njira iti yomwe mumalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito?
A:API 5L X65 kumbuyo(za mphamvu) +Chivundikiro cha 316L 2.5-3.0 mm(pofuna kuwononga). Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wotsekemera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Middle East ndi North America.
Q6: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa SA-106 Gr.B ndi SA-210 Gr.C pa chitoliro chophimbidwa ndi chiyani?
A: SA-210 Gr.C ili ndi mphamvu yokoka kwambiri (485 MPa vs 415 MPa) ndipo cholinga chake ndi makamaka mapaipi a boiler. SA-106 Gr.B ndi mapaipi otentha kwambiri. Pamagwiritsidwe ntchito a boiler, gwiritsani ntchito SA-210; pa mizere yosamutsira mafakitale oyeretsera, SA 106 ndiyovomerezeka.
Q7: Kodi ndingapeze satifiketi ya EN 10204 Type 3.2 ya mapaipi otsekedwa awa?
A: Inde. Timagwira ntchito ndi TÜV, BV, DNV, SGS, ndi ABS. Ndalama yowonjezera imagwira ntchito ndipo nthawi yotsogolera imapitirira milungu 1-2.
Q8: Kodi mgwirizano pakati pa 316L ndi chitsulo cha kaboni umakhala wovuta kuwononga hydrogen?
A: Mu ntchito ya CO₂ yokoma (yopanda chitetezo cha cathodic over-voltage), ayi. Mu ntchito ya sour (H₂S), mawonekedwe a bond si njira yabwino yosweka ngati yapangidwa bwino. Komabe, 316L yokha ili ndi malire olimba. Pa H₂S yapamwamba, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muvale nickel alloy clad.
Q9: Kodi makulidwe ochepera a 316L omwe mumalimbikitsa ndi otani?
A: 1.5 mm ndiye yocheperako kuti pakhale mgwirizano wodalirika komanso kulola dzimbiri. Kuti CO₂ igwire ntchito mwamphamvu komanso kuthamanga kwa madzi, tikupangira 2.5-3.0 mm.
Q10: Kodi mungapereke mapaipi awa okhala ndi mawonekedwe a U-bent kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito posinthana kutentha?
A: Inde, pa chitoliro chopanda msoko (OD ≤168 mm). Timapinda mozizira ndi mandrel, kenako timachotsa kupsinjika maganizo ndi 100% NDT ya malo opinda. Chonde pemphani mtengo wosiyana wa U-bend.
Q11: Kodi mumapereka "chida chosankhira mapaipi ophimbidwa" cha zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zochirikiza kumbuyo?
A: Inde. Titumizireni zomwe mukufuna kuchita: kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kochepa, kuthamanga, kapangidwe ka madzi (CO₂, H₂S, ma chloride, pH). Tikupangira chitsulo chothandizira + makulidwe a cladding + mulingo woyenera wowunikira.
Q12: Kodi pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mtengo pakati pa chubu cha SA-210+316L ndi chubu cha 316L cholimba?
A: Inde. Pa chubu cha khoma cha 63.5mm OD × 5mm, cholimba cha 316L chili pafupifupiMtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo nthawi 2.5-3kuposa chitoliro chophimbidwa ndi SA-210+316L (chophimbidwa ndi 2mm). Khoma likakula, limasunga ndalama zambiri.
Q13: N’chifukwa chiyani ndingasankhe chitoliro chopanda msoko m’malo mwa chokulungidwa?
A: Chitoliro chopanda msoko chimachotsamsoko uliwonse wozungulira wotchingira, zomwe ndi zabwino pa ntchito yozungulira kutentha kwambiri, ntchito ya haidrojeni, komanso komwe kuli chiopsezo cha chloride SCC kuukira weld. Pa ntchito zambiri za mapaipi a mzere (X65+316L), chitoliro choviikidwa mu weld chimakhala chodalirika kwambiri komanso chotsika mtengo.
Q14: Kodi mungavale chiphaso ndi OD zonse ziwiri?
Yankho: Tingathe, koma zimenezo ndi zapadera. Kawirikawiri gawo limodzi la CRA pa ID ndilokwanira. Pa dzimbiri lakunja, tikupangira utoto, utoto, kapena njira yosiyana yophimba kunja (monga, kuphimba ndi weld). Chonde funsani ngati pali nsalu ziwiri.
Q15: Kodi ndingayitanitsa bwanji kuphatikiza kosakanikirana kwa zitsulo zotsalira?
A: Perekani chinthu cha mzere pa chilichonse: chitsulo chosungira kumbuyo, OD, kulemera kwapakati, makulidwe a cladding, kutalika, kuchuluka. Tidzatchula mawu pa kuphatikiza kulikonse. Kuyitanitsa kocheperako kwa kukula kumodzi ndikovomerezeka.
Q16: Kodi kusonkhanitsa n'kofunika pa 316L cladding?
A: Inde. Kuphika kumachotsa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yotulutsa ndi kutentha, kubwezeretsa gawo lopanda kanthu, ndikutsimikizira kuti malo ake ndi oyera kuti ayang'aniridwe. Kutumiza kwathu kokhazikika kumakhala koviikidwa m'madzi ndi kupopera. Ngati simukufuna kuphika (monga, popaka nthawi yomweyo), chonde tchulani.
Q17: Kodi mumapereka PMI (Positive Material Identification) pa 316L cladding?
A: Inde. Tikhoza kuchita XRF m'malo angapo pa chubu chilichonse, ndikuphatikiza lipotilo mu fayilo yaubwino. Pali ndalama zochepa pa chubu chilichonse pa maoda akuluakulu.
Q18: Kodi chitoliro chophimbidwacho chingaperekedwe ndi malekezero opindika komanso CRA battering?
A: Inde. Ngodya yokhazikika ya bevel 30-35° yokhala ndi malo otsetsereka a 1.6 mm. CRA battering (2-3 mm ya Alloy 625 kapena 316L filler pankhope ya bevel) ikupezeka kuti isasungunuke panthawi yowetera. Izi zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka pa ma weld a girth omwe ali ndi ntchito yothamanga kwambiri.
Q19: Kodi mwakumana ndi zotani popereka chitoliro cha 316L chopangidwa ndi clad motsatira miyezo ya European EN?
Yankho: Nthawi zonse timapereka ku EN 10216-2 (backing) ndi 1.4404 (316L) cladding. Tikhoza kupereka satifiketi za EN 10204 3.2 zokhala ndi umboni wa TÜV ndi PED declaration. Maoda ambiri apita ku Germany, Netherlands, France, ndi UK.
Q20: Kodi mungagawane maumboni a chitoliro chachikulu cha 316L chokhala ndi mainchesi awiri (API 5L X65+316L)?
A: Inde, tapereka chitoliro cha X65+316L chokhala ndi clad (OD 610mm, cladding 2.5mm) cha pulojekiti yopangira CO₂ ku Middle East (mapaipi a 200 km). Maumboni akupezeka pa NDA.
9. Thandizo la Kuyitanitsa - Momwe Mungatchulire Chitoliro cha 316L Clad
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwalandira kuphatikiza kolondola, chonde perekani izi pa chinthu chilichonse cha mzere:
1. Chitsulo chothandizira(sankhani kuchokera ku SA-210 Gr.C, SA-106 Gr.B, API 5L X52/60/65, A333 Gr.6, A335 P11/P22)
2. Kunja kwa m'mimba mwake (OD)ndimakulidwe a khoma lapakati
3. 316L makulidwe a cladding(nthawi zambiri 1.5-3.5 mm)
4. Utali umodzi(m) ndi kutalika konse (kapena kuchuluka)
5. Muyezo wogwiritsidwa ntchito(ASME, API, EN, kapena tsatanetsatane wa polojekiti)
6. Satifiketi yofunikira(EN 10204 Mtundu 3.1 muyezo; Mtundu 3.2 mwakufuna)
7. Mayeso owonjezera(Charpy, dzimbiri la intergranular, NACE, creep, ndi zina zotero)
8. Mapeto omaliza(wosalala, wopindika, wopindika + wopaka mafuta)
9. Nthawi yoperekera(Doko la FOB China, doko lopita ku CIF, katundu wa ndege)
10. Womic Steel adzayankha ndi:
● Pepala la deta laukadaulo la kuphatikiza kwina
● Mtengo ndi nthawi yoperekera ndalama
● Chiphaso cha chitsanzo cha mphero (kuchokera ku oda yofanana ndi yomwe idaperekedwa kale)
● Ndondomeko yabwino yoperekedwa komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwunika komwe kulipo
Mphamvu zathu:Sitipanga zokha komansolangizapa chithandizo chotsika mtengo komanso chodalirika + chophatikizana cha cladding pa ntchito yanu. Makasitomala ambiri amaganizira mopitirira muyeso poganiza kuti alloy yolimba ikufunika - timawathandiza kusunga 40-60% ndi chitoliro chophimbidwa.
10. Lumikizanani ndi Womic Steel – Katswiri Wanu wa Mapaipi Okhala ndi Mizere ya 316L
Ngati mukufunafunaChitoliro chophimbidwa ndi 316LNgati muli ndi chitsulo cha kaboni kapena alloy, titumizireni upangiri waukadaulo waulere komanso mtengo wopanda chikakamizo.
Webusaiti: www.womicsteel.com
Imelo: sales@womicsteel.com
Foni / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
Chitsulo cha Womic - Mayankho a mapaipi okhala ndi 316L opangidwa mwaluso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa CO₂, boiler, heat exchanger, kutentha kochepa, komanso kutentha kwambiri.
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