Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha API 5L X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW: Mphamvu Zopangira & Zofotokozera Zamalonda

Kufotokozera Kwachidule:

Womic Steel imapereka chitoliro chachitsulo cha API 5L X65 PSL2 sour service LSAW chapamwamba kwambiri chotumizira mafuta ndi gasi m'malo okhala ndi H₂S (owawasa) ambiri. X65 PSL2 yokhala ndi satifiketi ya sour service imapereka mphamvu yocheperako ya 450 MPa (65,300 psi) kuphatikiza ndi malire olimba (≤ 85 HRB wamba), low carbon equivalent (CEV ≤ 0.40%), komanso kukana kotsimikizika ku hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) ndi sulfide stress cracking (SSC). Njira ya LSAW imaphatikizapo njira zowotcherera za JCOE, UOE, ndi rolled plate, ndi njira yofunikira yochiritsira kutentha pambuyo pa weld (PWHT) pamapaipi onse operekera sour service mosasamala kanthu za makulidwe a khoma. M'mimba mwake wakunja kuyambira 219mm mpaka 1,600mm (8″ – 63″), makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 6.0mm mpaka 60mm, kutalika mpaka 24m. Chiphaso cha mphero chokhala ndi EN 10204 3.2, mayeso a ultrasonic 100% okhala ndi TOFD, mayeso a hydro, malekezero opindika, ndi phukusi lonse la zikalata zautumiki wowawasa (HIC, SSC, ma hardness traverses). Oyenera mapaipi a gasi wowawasa okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kutumiza mafuta ndi gasi wowawasa m'nyanja, mizere yamadzi owawasa m'fakitale yoyeretsera, ndi jakisoni wa gasi wothira acidic.

Kukula kwa Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha LSAW:Chipinda chakunja: 219mm – 1,600mm (8″ – 63″), Kukhuthala kwa Khoma: 6.0mm – 60.0mm (JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, rolled plate max 60mm), Kutalika: 6m – 18m muyezo, kutalika kwapadera mpaka 24m

Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha LSAW Chokhazikika & Chachikulu:API 5L X65 PSL2 yokhala ndi zofunikira zina zautumiki wa sour malinga ndi NACE MR0175/ISO 15156; HIC malinga ndi NACE TM0284; SSC malinga ndi NACE TM0177; imakwaniritsanso zowonjezera zautumiki wa sour wa DNV-OS-F101

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha LSAW:Mizere yamagetsi ya gasi wachilengedwe wokhuthala kwambiri (mpaka 15 MPa), mapaipi amafuta okhuthala akuya m'madzi, mizere yotsukira madzi okhuthala ndi amine m'fakitale yotsukira, zitsime zolowetsa mpweya wa asidi, mizere yokweza gasi m'minda yokhuthala, mapaipi osakaniza a CO₂-H₂S, mapaipi obwezeretsa sulfure

Womic Steel imapereka mitengo yapamwamba komanso yopikisana ya API 5L X65 PSL2 sour service LSAW steel pipe, HIC tested line pipe, SSC resistant payipi, NACE high strength payipi. Chiphaso cha Mill EN 10204 3.2, hydro test, UT/TOFD, PWHT, beveled end, 3LPE/FBE coating ikupezeka. Kupereka mwachindunji kwa mafakitale kwa mapulojekiti a sour oil ndi gasi padziko lonse lapansi.

Tumizani imelo kwa ife Zofotokozera Zamalonda

Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda

Ma tag a Zamalonda

1. Womic Steel: Mphamvu Zopangira & Mphamvu za Kampani pa Utumiki wa X65 Sour

Womic Steel Group imagwiritsa ntchito mizere yapadera yopangira mapaipi a LSAW okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ntchito ya X65 sour ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa X52 chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapamwamba komanso zofunikira zolimba. Zowongolera zazikulu ndi izi:

● Mpweya wochepa wa kaboni (CEV ≤ 0.40%, wamba ≤ 0.38%)

● Sulfure wotsika kwambiri (S ≤ 0.0015%) ndi phosphorous yochepa (P ≤ 0.015%)

● Chithandizo cha calcium chowongolera mawonekedwe a inclusion (Ca/S ratio ≥ 1.5)

● Ma mbale ozizira mofulumira (TMCP) kuti akwaniritse kapangidwe ka ferrite kakang'ono

● Chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld (PWHT) cha mapaipi onse, mosasamala kanthu za makulidwe a khoma

● Kuyesa kuuma kwa 100% (kuwotcherera, HAZ, chitsulo choyambira) - cholinga ≤ 85 HRB

● Kuyesa kwa HIC ndi SSC motsatira miyezo ya NACE popanda kuvomereza ming'alu pa mapulojekiti ambiri

Njira zopangira: JCOE, UOE (yomwe imakondedwa chifukwa cha kupsinjika kochepa), mbale yozungulira, zonse zokhala ndi PWHT yofunikira mu uvuni wa galimoto (kutalika kwa 12m, 600°C ± 10°C). Kuyang'aniridwa ndi SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV, ABS, kapena LR kwa anthu ena kuti apeze satifiketi yonse ya ntchito yowawa.

Mphamvu ya utumiki wa pachaka wa sour X65 LSAW:Matani 25,000.

Kusinthasintha kwa Kupanga kwa X65 Sour Service:

● JCOE: 406–1,422mm OD × 6.0–50.8mm WIT × ≤ 18m

● UOE: 508–1,220mm OD × 6.0–40.0mm WIT × ≤ 24m (yomwe imakonda kukhala yowawa chifukwa cha kupsinjika kochepa)

● Mbale yozungulira: 600–1,600mm OD × 25–60mm WIT × ≤ 12m

● PWHT imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitoliro chilichonse (lowetsani 600°C ± 10°C, gwirani ola limodzi pa makulidwe a 25mm, pang'onopang'ono kuzizira ≤ 200°C/ola)

2. API 5L X65 PSL2 Utumiki Wopanda Mphamvu: Kapangidwe ka Zinthu & Makhalidwe Abwino

Pa ntchito ya sour ya X65, chemistry ndi yolimba kuposa PSL2 wamba komanso yolimba kuposa sour ya X52. Cholinga chake ndikupeza mphamvu yayikulu (450 MPa yield) pamene ikusunga kukana kwabwino kwa HIC ndi SSC.

Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala (Kusanthula kwa Ladle, zolinga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka sour):

Chinthu	PSL2 yokhazikika	X65 Sour Service Target (Womic)
C	0.12	≤ 0.08 (nthawi zambiri 0.05-0.07)
Mn	1.60	≤ 1.40 (nthawi zambiri 1.20-1.35)
P	0.025	≤ 0.015
S	0.015	≤ 0.0015 (0.0010 wamba)
Si	0.45	0.20-0.35
V	0.10	≤ 0.06
Nb	0.05	0.04-0.07
Ti	0.04	≤ 0.025
Mo	Zomwe sizinafotokozedwe	≤ 0.30 (kwa wowawasa, nthawi zambiri 0.15-0.25)
Ni	Zomwe sizinafotokozedwe	≤ 0.50 (ngati mukufuna kutentha kochepa)
CEV	≤ 0.43	≤ 0.40 (nthawi zambiri ≤ 0.38)
Pcm	≤ 0.25	≤ 0.22

Kuchiza ndi calcium (Ca/S ratio ≥ 1.5) kumathandiza kuti sulfide ya globular iphatikizidwe. Kuwonjezera molybdenum kumathandizira kukana SSC pamlingo wapamwamba.

Kapangidwe ka Makina (Pambuyo pa PWHT):

Katundu	Utumiki Wopanda Mphamvu wa X65 PSL2 (Womic)
Mphamvu Yopereka (mphindi)	450 MPa (65,300 psi)
Mphamvu Yopereka (yochuluka)	570 MPa (82,700 psi)
Mphamvu Yokoka (mphindi)	535 MPa (77,600 psi)
Kutalika (mphindi)	19%
Kulimba (kwambiri)-mapulojekiti ambiri	85 HRB (Womic wafika pa 78-85 HRB)
Kulimba kwa Impact @ -20°C (ngati mukufuna)	≥ 27 J (nthawi zambiri 80-150 J)
Kulimba kwa Impact @ -46°C (ngati mukufuna)	≥ 27 J (nthawi zambiri 60-100 J)

Kuyesa Koyenera kwa Utumiki wa X65 Sour:

● HIC pa NACE TM0284 (Yankho A, maola 96)-Kuvomereza: CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5% (mapulojekiti ambiri amafuna 0%)

● SSC pa NACE TM0177 (Njira A, 720h, 90% SMYS)-palibe kusweka

● Kulimba kumadutsa pa weld, HAZ, ndi chitsulo choyambira (max 85 HRB)

● Charpy V-Notch pa 0°C kapena pansi (nthawi zambiri 27 J min)

● DWTT (yowongolera kusweka kwa fupa, ngati yatchulidwa)

3. Kutsatira Miyeso ndi Magawo a Dimensional Range

Chinthu	Kufotokozera
Muyezo	API 5L PSL2 yokhala ndi chowonjezera chautumiki wowawasa
NACE	NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (kope laposachedwa)
Njira Zopangira	JCOE, UOE, mbale yozungulira (yonse yokhala ndi PWHT)
Kunja kwa Makulidwe Aakulu	219mm-1,600mm (8″)-63″)
Makulidwe a Wall	6.0mm-60mm (JCOE/UOE max 50.8mm, mbale yozungulira max 60mm)
Kutalika kwa Utali	6m -Muyezo wa 18m; mpaka 24m (UOE)
Mapeto Omaliza	Mapeto Ozungulira (BE) pa API 5L
Kumaliza Pamwamba	Zopanda kanthu, 3LPE, 3LPP, FBE (zophimba ziyenera kukhala zofewa)
Kulekerera	OD: ± 0.5%; Kulemera: -0% / +15%; Kutalika: +50mm / -0mm

4. Miyeso ndi Mafotokozedwe Omwe Akupezeka - API 5L X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW Steel Pipe

OD (mm)	Zosankha za WT (mm)	Njira	Kulemera pafupifupi (kg/m2)	Kutalika Kwanthawizonse	Zinthu Zofunika pa Utumiki Wowawasa
219	6.4, 8.0, 10.0, 12.5	JCOE	33.6-63.6	12m	Kuyesedwa kwa PWHT, HIC
273	8.0, 10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0	JCOE	52.3-101.5	12m / 18m	Kulimba ≤ 85 HRB
324	10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0	JCOE	77.4-142.8	12m / 18m	CEV ≤ 0.40, Mo yawonjezeredwa
406	10.0, 12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0	JCOE/UOE	97.7-208.4	12m / 18m	Kuyesedwa kwa SSC
508	12.5, 14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4	UOE	152.7-302.3	12m / 18m / 24m	Kuuma konse
610	14.0, 16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0	UOE	205.8-401.8	12m / 18m / 24m	HIC CLR 0% wamba
711	16.0, 19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 28.0, 31.8	UOE/JCOE	274.3-532.9	12m / 18m	PWHT yovomerezeka
813	19.0, 22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 32.0, 35.0	JCOE	372.1-671.4	12m / 18m	NACE MR0175
914	22.0, 25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 38.0, 40.0	JCOE/Yokulungidwa	484.3-862.0	12m	S Yotsika (≤ 0.0015%)
1,016	25.4, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0	Yopindidwa	619.9-1,191.7	12m	Ca yothandizidwa, Mo mpaka 0.25%
1,220	30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0	Yopindidwa	880.9-1,577.8	12m	Madzi akuya owuma

Mapaipi onse a X65 sour service amalandira PWHT mosasamala kanthu za makulidwe a khoma. UOE ndi yabwino kwambiri pa mainchesi ≤ 1,220mm chifukwa cha mphamvu yoletsa kupsinjika.

5. Miyezo Yofanana ya Chitoliro cha Utumiki Wamphamvu Kwambiri

Muyezo	Kugwiritsa ntchito	Zofunikira pa Kuyesa
API 5L PSL2 + Annex H	Chitoliro cha mzere wothira madzi	HIC, SSC, kuuma ≤ 90 HRB
NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156	Zipangizo zogwirira ntchito m'malo a H₂S	Malire pa kuuma, chemistry
NACE TM0284	Njira yoyesera ya HIC	CLR, CTR, CSR
NACE TM0177	Njira yoyesera ya SSC (Njira A, B, C, D)	Palibe kusweka
DNV-OS-F101 (chowonjezera chowawasa)	Mapaipi amchere ochokera kumayiko ena	CTOD yowonjezera ndi kutopa
Shell DEP 31.40.30.31	Utumiki wa madzi akuya	Kuuma kolimba (≤ 85 HRB)

Chidule cha kagwiritsidwe ntchito:Mizere ya thunthu la mpweya wowawasa wopanikiza kwambiri, mapaipi amafuta owawasa wowawasa m'madzi akuya, ntchito ya asidi ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, madzi owawasa oyeretsera, mayunitsi a amine, jakisoni wa mpweya wa asidi, CCS yokhala ndi H₂S.

6. Njira Yopangira - LSAW ya X65 PSL2 Sour Service

Utumiki wa X65 sour umafuna ma TMCP plates apamwamba komanso kuwongolera njira molimbika kwambiri.

Kusankha Mbale:

● Mpweya wotsika (≤ 0.08%), manganese wotsika (≤ 1.40%), sulfure wotsika kwambiri (≤ 0.0015%)

● Kalisiyumu wothandizidwa (Ca/S ≥ 1.5)

● Kuwonjezera kwa Mo (0.15-0.25%) kwa kukana kwa SSC

● TMCP yokhala ndi kuziziritsa kwachangu-kapangidwe ka ferrite kakang'ono

Njira Zopangira JCOE / UOE + Zowawa:

●Kupera m'mphepete -Kulondola kwambiri ± 0.5mm, J bevel kuti weld ilowe bwino.

●Kupanga -UOE imakonda (kuchepa kwa nkhawa yotsalira). JCOE ndi yovomerezeka pa malo osungiramo zinthu.

●Kuwotcherera kwa SAW -Kutentha kolowera ≤ 2.2 kJ/mm (kotsika kuposa muyezo). Kutentha kwa interpass ≤ 150°C.

●100% UT yokhala ndi TOFD -Yosavuta kumva kuposa UT wamba.

●Chithandizo cha Kutentha Pambuyo pa Kutenthedwa (PWHT) -Chofunikira pa ntchito yonse yowawasa X65. Zilowerereni pa 580-600°C (kutentha kocheperako kuposa X52 kuti mupewe kutaya mphamvu). Gwirani ola limodzi pa makulidwe a 25mm. Zizireni pa ≤ 150°C pa ola limodzi.

●Kukula kwa makina (UOE) -Zochepa pa 0.5-0.8% (motsutsana ndi 1.5% ya muyezo) kuti tipewe kuuma kwa ntchito yozizira.

●Kuyesa kuuma -Ma traverse atatu odzaza pa chitoliro chilichonse (chitsulo choyambira, HAZ, mzere wapakati wa weld). 85 HRB.

●Kuyesa kwa HIC -Malinga ndi NACE TM0284 Yankho A, maola 96. Zitsanzo kuchokera kumapeto kwa mapaipi.

●Kuyesa kwa SSC -Malinga ndi NACE TM0177 Njira A, 720h pa 90% SMYS.

Magawo a PWHT Furnace a X65 Sour:

● Kutentha: 590°C ± 10°C (kotsika kuposa kuti X52 isunge mphamvu)

● Nthawi yonyowetsa: ola limodzi pa 25mm (osachepera ola limodzi)

● Kuzizira: ≤ 150°C pa ola limodzi kuchokera pa 590°C mpaka 300°C

● Ma thermocouple angapo pamwamba pa chitoliro

7. Kuwongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa kwa X65 Sour Service LSAW

Gawo	Kuyendera	Zofunikira Zovomerezeka
Mbale	Mankhwala (OES)	C ≤ 0.08, S ≤ 0.0015%, CEV ≤ 0.38, Mo 0.15-0.25%
Mbale	Akupanga (lamination)	Palibe ma lamination > 3mm
Mbale	Kulimba + Kulimba pa -20°C	Kutulutsa ≥ 450 MPa, CVN ≥ 50J
Kulukana	100% UT yokhala ndi TOFD	Palibe zizindikiro > 1.6mm
Kulukana	RT (osachepera 10%)	Palibe ming'alu, kusowa kwa kusakanikirana
Pambuyo pa PWHT	Kuuma (HRB)-BM, Weld, HAZ	≤ 85 HRB (gawo lililonse)
Yatha	HIC (NACE TM0284)	CLR ≤ 2% (nthawi zambiri 0%), CTR ≤ 1%, CSR ≤ 0.5%
Yatha	SSC (NACE TM0177 Njira A, 720h)	Palibe kusweka
Yatha	Charpy pa -20°C kapena kutsika	≥ 27 J (mphindi), wamba 80-150 J
Yatha	Kulimba	Zokolola 450-570 MPa, Kumangirira ≥ 535 MPa
Yatha	Mayeso a Hydrostatic	90-100% SMYS

Phukusi la zikalata limaphatikizapo: MTC Type 3.2, ma chart a PWHT, mamapu a hardness, malipoti a HIC ndi SSC, zolemba za UT/TOFD, zikalata zoyesera madzi.

8. Mapulogalamu Oyambirira - API 5L X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW Steel Pipe

●Mizere ya thunthu la mpweya wachilengedwe wowawasa kwambiri -Kutumiza kwa mtunda wautali pa 10-15 MPa ndi H₂S mpaka 50 ppm

● Mapaipi amafuta oundana ochokera m'madzi akuya -Mizere ya pansi pa nyanja m'malo a H₂S (kuyesa kwa UOE + CTOD)

● Mafuta osapsa onunkhira onunkhira -Mizere yothamanga kwambiri kuchokera ku zitsime kupita ku malo ogwirira ntchito pakati

● Mitsinje yamadzi oundana ya fakitale yoyeretsera zinthu -Ammonium bisulfide ndi ntchito ya H₂S (kutentha kwambiri)

● Mapaipi ochizira amine -Amine wolemera komanso wopanda mafuta (H₂S ndi CO₂)

● Zitsime zopopera mpweya wa asidi -Kubwezeretsanso zosakaniza za H₂S/CO₂ m'malo otayira zinthu

● Zingwe zokwezera mafuta -Kubaya mpweya wowawasa kuti unyamule chonyamulira chopangidwa ndi anthu

● Mapaipi a CCS okhala ndi H₂S deficit -Kusunga ndi kusunga kaboni komwe mtsinje wa CO₂ uli ndi H₂S

9. Kupaka ndi Kutumiza - X65 Sour Service LSAW Pipe

Chimodzimodzi ndi ma CD a LSAW okhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu kumapeto (zipewa zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisaipitsidwe). Zolembazo zikuphatikizapo fayilo yonse yaubwino wautumiki wowawasa kuwonjezera pa zikalata zotumizira zokhazikika.

10. Ubwino ndi Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri pa Chitsulo cha Womic - X65 PSL2 Sour Service LSAW

Chifukwa chiyani Womic Steel ya X65 Sour Service?

● Ng'anjo ya PWHT yodzipereka (kutalika kwa 12m) yokhala ndi kutentha koyenera (590°C ± 10°C)

● Kuyesa kwa HIC ndi SSC mkati mwa nyumba (labu yovomerezeka ndi CNAS)

● Ma mbale opangidwa ndi mo-alloy kuti azitha kupirira bwino SSC

● Njira ya UOE yochepetsera kupsinjika kwa madzi otsala (yomwe imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa madzi akuya)

● Munthu wina amene adawona mayeso a sour akupezeka (SGS, BV, TÜV, DNV)

● Mapaipi opitilira 300 km a X65 sour service aperekedwa padziko lonse lapansi

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri:

Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa X52 sour ndi X65 sour service ndi kotani?
A: Ntchito ya sour ya X65 ndi yovuta kwambiri. X65 imafuna mphamvu zambiri (450 vs 360 MPa) pamene ikusunga malire ofanana kapena olimba a kuuma (≤ 85 HRB). Izi zimafuna kuwonjezera Mo (0.15-0.25%), kuwongolera kolimba kwa CEV (≤ 0.38% vs ≤ 0.40%), komanso nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa PWHT kutsika (590°C vs 600°C) kuti tipewe kutaya mphamvu. X65 nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamapaipi opanikizika kwambiri (> 10 MPa) ndi ntchito za m'madzi akuya.

Q: Kodi PWHT ndi yofunikira pa mapaipi onse a X65 sour service mosasamala kanthu za makulidwe a khoma?
A: Inde, malinga ndi NACE MR0175 ndi ma specification onse akuluakulu a opareshoni. Ngakhale pa mapaipi a 6.4mm WT, PWHT imafunika kuti ikwaniritse kuuma ≤ 85 HRB ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kotsala. Womic imagwiritsa ntchito PWHT ku mapaipi a X65 100% okoma.

Q: Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe HIC imavomereza pa ntchito ya X65 sour?
A: NACE TM0284 imalola CLR ≤ 5%, CTR ≤ 1.5%, CSR ≤ 0.5%. Komabe, mapulojekiti ambiri amadzi akuya komanso olimba kwambiri amafuna CLR = 0% (palibe ming'alu). Ma plates a sulfure otsika kwambiri a Womic (S ≤ 0.0015%) ndi chithandizo cha calcium zimakwaniritsa CLR 0% nthawi zonse.

Q: Kodi mapaipi a X65 sour service angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri kapena m'malo otentha pang'ono?
A: Inde, ndi mayeso ena a Charpy otsika kutentha. Womic ikhoza kupereka ntchito ya X65 sour ndi mayeso a impact pa -20°C, -40°C, kapena -46°C (min 27J). Pa ntchito ya arctic sour, timaperekanso DWTT (≥ 85% shear area pa kutentha koyesedwa). Dziwani kuti kutentha kochepa ndi ntchito ya sour pamodzi zimafuna kapangidwe ka alloy mosamala (Ni addition, low CEV). Chonde perekani kutentha kwanu kogwirira ntchito ndi H₂S pang'ono kuti muwone ngati kuli koyenera.

Q: Kodi mphamvu yayikulu ya H₂S pa ntchito ya sour ya X65 ndi yotani?
A: Malinga ndi NACE MR0175, X65 ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sour mpaka 0.3 psi (0.02 bar) H₂S pamavuto ang'onoang'ono. Pamavuto ang'onoang'ono (monga 0.5-1.0 psi), chiyeneretso chowonjezera (HIC yokhala ndi pH yotsika, SSC pamavuto apamwamba) chikufunika. Womic ili ndi X65 yoyenerera ya H₂S pamavuto ang'onoang'ono mpaka 1.0 bar pamapulojekiti enaake. Chonde fotokozani momwe mumagwirira ntchito.

Q: Kodi nthawi yodziwika bwino yoperekera chithandizo cha X65 sour LSAW ndi iti?
A: Masiku 80-120, kutengera kupezeka kwa mbale yopangidwa ndi Mo (nthawi yoyambira ndi masabata 8-12) ndi mayeso a HIC/SSC (masabata 4-6). Maoda ofulumira (masiku 60-90) ndizotheka ngati mbale zilipo. Kuyesedwa kwa anthu ena kumawonjezera masabata 1-2.

Q: Kodi mumapereka mayeso a CTOD a sour riser zakunja kwa nyanja ya X65?
A: Inde. Timachita mayeso a CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement) malinga ndi BS 7448 kapena ASTM E1820 pa kutentha komwe kwatchulidwa (nthawi zambiri -20°C kapena -46°C). Mitengo yocheperako ya CTOD: chitsulo chosungunula ≥ 0.25mm, HAZ ≥ 0.30mm. Tapereka mapaipi a sour a X65 oyesedwa ndi CTOD ku mapulojekiti akuya ku North Sea ndi Gulf of Mexico.

Chilolezo cha Pulojekiti-Paipi Yopopera Mpweya Wotentha wa North West Shelf (Australia)

Dziko:Australia (Western Australia, North West Shelf)
Muyezo ndi Giredi:API 5L X65 PSL2 yokhala ndi sour service supplement pa NACE MR0175; CTOD yowonjezera ndi zofunikira pa kutentha kochepa
Miyeso ndi Kuchuluka:

● OD 610mm (24″) × Kulemera 15.9mm-Mamita 45,000 (pafupifupi matani 9,200) opangidwa ndi njira ya UOE

● OD 610mm (24″) × WT 19.0mm-Mamita 12,000 (pafupifupi matani 2,800) opangidwa ndi njira ya UOE (khoma lokhuthala la gawo lokwezera)

● OD 813mm (32″) × Kulemera 22.2mm-Mamita 8,000 (pafupifupi matani 3,100) opangidwa ndi njira ya JCOE (gawo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja)
Zonse:Mamita 65,000 (65 km), pafupifupi matani 15,100

Mafotokozedwe:Chophimba chakunja cha 3LPP (3.5mm) cha kutentha kwambiri (95°C), malekezero opindika 30°/1.6mm, hydrotest pa 18.0 MPa (kupanikizika kwa kapangidwe 12.5 MPa). Kufunika kwa Charpy impact pa -20°C (mphindi 50J, kufika 100-160J). CTOD pa -20°C: weld metal ≥ 0.25mm, HAZ ≥ 0.30mm (kufika 0.35-0.55mm). HIC pa NACE TM0284 Yankho A, 96h-Kuvomereza: CLR = 0%, CTR = 0%, CSR = 0%. SSC pa NACE TM0177 Njira A, 720h pa 90% SMYS-Palibe kusweka. Kulimba kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi 85 HRB. PWHT imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi onse (lowetsani 590°C ± 10°C, maola 1.5). 100% UT ndi TOFD kuphatikiza 20% RT. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi DNV Australia ndi chipani chachitatu.

Ntchito:Chitoliro cha mpweya woipa chomwe chimanyamula mpweya wachilengedwe kuchokera kumadera akutali (okhala ndi H₂S ya 15-25 ppm) kupita ku fakitale ya LNG yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chitoliro cha 65 km chimaphatikizapo gawo la pansi pa nyanja yakuya (kuya kwa madzi 200-300m) ndi gawo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja kudzera mu nthaka yowononga. Chitolirochi chimagwira ntchito pa 95°C ndi 12.5 MPa.

Mavuto ndi Mayankho a Ukadaulo:

● Kutentha kwambiri (95°C) pamodzi ndi ntchito yowawasa -Mapaipi ambiri oyeretsera madzi onyowa amagwira ntchito pansi pa 80°C. Pa 95°C, NACE MR0175 imaika malire okhwima pa kuuma ndi kusankha zinthu. Ma plates osankhidwa a Mo-alloyed (Mo 0.20-0.25%) ndi 3LPP coating (polypropylene, yoyesedwa kufika 120°C) m'malo mwa 3LPE (yochepera 80°C). Kutentha kwa PWHT kunachepetsedwa kufika 580°C kuti kupewe kutenthetsa kwambiri. Kulimba pambuyo pa PWHT: chitsulo choyambira 78-82 HRB, weld 80-84 HRB-mkati mwa malire.

● Palibe chosowa cha HIC chophwanya -Kasitomala amafunikira CLR = 0% (palibe ming'alu ya HIC). Womic adagwiritsa ntchito mbale za sulfure zochepa kwambiri (S ≤ 0.0008%) ndi chiŵerengero cha Ca/S 2.2. Pambuyo pa PWHT, mayeso a HIC pa zitsanzo 20 (4 pa kutentha kulikonse) adawonetsa CLR 0%, CTR 0%, CSR 0%. Kufufuza kwa microstructure kunawonetsa ma sulfide a globular okha (opanda MnS yayitali).

● Kulimba kwa CTOD kusweka kwa chonyamulira cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja -Gawo lokwezera (12 km) linkafuna mayeso a CTOD pa -20°C. Womic adachita CTOD pa chitsulo chosungunula ndi HAZ. Zotsatira zake: chitsulo chosungunula 0.40-0.55mm, HAZ 0.45-0.70mm (pamwamba pa 0.25mm/0.30mm). Tinaperekanso malangizo ofunikira a njira yonse yosungunula (WPQ) pa field girth welding.

● Kuphimba kutentha kwambiri (3LPP) kumamatira -Chophimba cha 3LPP chimafuna FBE primer (epoxy) ndi polypropylene top layer. Chophimba cha womic chimayikidwa mu workshop yolamulidwa ndi nyengo. Mphamvu yochotsa pa 95°C yoyezedwa pa 75 N/cm (osachepera 50 N/cm). Kugawanika kwa cathodic pa 95°C patatha masiku 28: ≤ 6mm radius.

● Kayendetsedwe ka katundu ku Western Australia yakutali -Mapaipi anatumizidwa kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku doko la Dampier (Western Australia) kudzera mu sitima yapamadzi yothamanga kwambiri (ulendo wa masiku 28). Chifukwa cha nyengo ya mphepo yamkuntho, kutumiza kawiri kunachedwa. Womic anasintha nthawi yopangira kuti agwirizane ndi kutumiza ndikupewa kuchepa kwa ndalama. Matani onse 15,100 anatumizidwa mkati mwa nthawi ya polojekitiyi.

● Zotsatira:Paipi ya gasi wouma inayamba kugwira ntchito mu kotala loyamba la 2025. Pambuyo pa miyezi 18 yogwira ntchito, kuyang'anira kwa in-line (ILI) sikunawonetse zolakwika zokhudzana ndi HIC kapena SSC. Wogwira ntchitoyo wavomereza Womic Steel ngati wogulitsa woyenerera pa ntchito zowonjezera gasi wouma mtsogolo ku North West Shelf.

Lumikizanani nafe:
Webusaiti: www.womicsteel.com
Imelo: sales@womicsteel.com

Foni / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568

Chitsulo cha Womic-Mnzanu wodalirika wa mapaipi achitsulo a API 5L X65 PSL2 sour service LSAW a mitsinje ya gasi wokhuthala kwambiri, mapaipi akuya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi ntchito zoperekera asidi padziko lonse lapansi.

Yapitayi: Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha API 5L X65 LSAW: Luso Lopanga & Zofotokozera Zamalonda

Ena: Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha API 5L X70 LSAW: Mphamvu Zopangira & Zofotokozera Zamalonda