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Chitoliro cha ASTM A312 TP304N Chopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri: Mphamvu Zopangira & Mafotokozedwe a Zamalonda Chithunzi Chowonetsedwa
  • Chitoliro cha ASTM A312 TP304N Chopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri: Mphamvu Zopangira & Mafotokozedwe a Zogulitsa

Chitoliro cha ASTM A312 TP304N Chopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri: Mphamvu Zopangira & Mafotokozedwe a Zogulitsa

Kufotokozera Kwachidule:

 

Womic Steel imapereka chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholumikizidwa ndi ASTM A312 TP304N, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cholimbikitsidwa ndi nayitrogeni chokhala ndi mphamvu yochuluka (275 MPa) kuposa muyezo wa 304 pomwe chimasunga kukana dzimbiri, kusinthasintha, komanso kusinthasintha. Kuwonjezera nayitrogeni kumawonjezera mphamvu ndi kukana mabowo popanda kusinthira ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi duplex.

Yopangidwa ndi njira za ERW ndi EFW yokhala ndi yankho lothira madzi ndi lothira madzi. Imapezeka mu OD 6.35mm–1219mm (1/4″–48″), makulidwe a khoma 0.5mm–50mm, ndipo imatalika mpaka 24m. Imaperekedwa ndi ziphaso za mphero, mayeso a hydrostatic, kuyang'anira UT, ndi zomaliza zomwe zasinthidwa.

Mapulogalamu:
Zombo zoyendera mpweya, kukonza mankhwala, nsanja za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zosinthira kutentha, makina oyeretsera madzi, kukonza madzi, mphero zamapepala, ndi mapaipi amafakitale othamanga kwambiri.

Muyezo ndi Giredi:
ASTM A312 TP304N / ASME SA312 / EN 10217-7 1.4315 (AISI 304N)


Zofotokozera Zamalonda

Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda

Ma tag a Zamalonda

1. Womic Steel: Mphamvu Zopangira ndi Mphamvu za Kampani

Womic Steel Group ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yopanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komanso yotumiza kunja padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi zaka zoposa 20 zaukadaulo popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Malo athu apadera opangira mapaipi opangidwa ndi TP304N amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wowotcherera wokhala ndi kutentha kolamulidwa kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni mu zitsulo zowotcherera:

  • Mzere wa ERW (Kuwotcherera kwa Magetsi):Pa mainchesi kuyambira 6.35mm mpaka 610mm (1/4″ – 24″), makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 0.5mm mpaka 12.7mm. Kuwotcherera kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi magawo okonzedwa bwino kuti asunge nayitrogeni. Yabwino kwambiri pamapaipi ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakati a TP304N kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mokakamiza komanso momangira.
  • Mzere wa EFW (Electric Fusion Welding):Pa mainchesi kuyambira 219mm mpaka 1219mm (8″ – 48″), makulidwe a khoma kuyambira 4.0mm mpaka 50mm. TIG (GTAW) mizu yodutsa ndi SAW fill pass, pogwiritsa ntchito filler metal yofananira (ER304N kapena ER308 yokhala ndi nayitrogeni).
  • Mzere wa LSAW / SAWL Wopanda Zosapanga Dzira:Pa mainchesi kuyambira 406mm mpaka 1524mm (16″ – 60″), makulidwe a khoma mpaka 50mm. Kuwotcherera kwa arc komwe kumaviikidwa m'madzi a mbale zokulungidwa za TP304N.

Mapaipi onse a TP304N olumikizidwa amapitsidwa ndi yankho lothira (kutenthetsa) pa 1040-1120°C kenako n’kuzimitsa madzi kuti asasiye nayitrogeni mu yankho lolimba ndikubwezeretsa kukana dzimbiri, kenako n’kuviika ndi kuzizira.

Zitsimikizo Zaubwino & Kutsatira Malamulo:

  • Satifiketi ya ISO 9001:2015
  • PED 2014/68/EU (CE Marking) ya zida zopondereza
  • Satifiketi ya EN 10204 3.2 yokhala ndi chitsimikizo cha chipani chachitatu (TÜV, BV, SGS, LR)
  • Kuyang'aniridwa ndi Gulu Lachitatu (TPI) kovomerezedwa ndi SGS, BV, ABS, DNV, TÜV
  • Khodi ya ASME Boiler ndi Pressure Vessel (Gawo VIII, Div. 1) ngati mwapempha

Womic Steel imapereka mapaipi olumikizidwa a TP304N kumayiko opitilira 40 m'mafakitale oyendera magetsi, zomangamanga, ndi mankhwala.

Kusinthasintha kwa Kupanga:

  • ERW: 6.35–610mm OD × 0.5–12.7mm WIT × ≤ 12m
  • EFW: 219–1219mm OD × 4.0–50mm WIT × ≤ 12m (yaitali ngati itapemphedwa)
  • LSAW: 406–1524mm OD × 6.0–50mm WIT × ≤ 18m
  • Zosankha zomalizitsa: Zophikidwa ndi kuviika, zophikidwa bwino, zopukutidwa (180# mpaka 320#)

2. ASTM A312 TP304N: Kapangidwe ka Zinthu ndi Makhalidwe Abwino

ASTM A312 TP304N ndi mtundu wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 cholimba ndi nayitrogeni. Nayitrogeni (0.10-0.16%) imapereka mphamvu yolimba ya yankho, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya zokolola ndi pafupifupi 35% pamene ikusunga ductility yabwino, kulimba, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti makoma opapatiza akhale ndi mphamvu yofanana, kuchepetsa kulemera ndi mtengo.

Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala (Kusanthula kwa Ndende, % ndi kulemera):

Chinthu TP304N (ASTM A312) TP304 (poyerekeza)
C ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.08
Mn ≤ 2.00 ≤ 2.00
P ≤ 0.045 ≤ 0.045
S ≤ 0.030 ≤ 0.030
Si ≤ 1.00 ≤ 1.00
Cr 18.0 – 20.0 18.0 – 20.0
Ni 8.0 – 11.0 8.0 – 11.0
N 0.10 – 0.16 ≤ 0.10
Fe Kulinganiza Kulinganiza

Katundu wa Makina (Kutentha kwa Chipinda, Yankho Lophatikizidwa):

Katundu TP304N TP304
Mphamvu Yopereka (osachepera, 0.2% yochotsera) 275 MPa (39,900 psi) 205 MPa (30,000 psi)
Mphamvu Yokoka (mphindi) 550 MPa (79,800 psi) 515 MPa (74,700 psi)
Kutalika (mphindi, 50mm gauge) 35% 40%
Kulimba (kwambiri) 90 HRB 90 HRB

Katundu Wachilengedwe:

  • Kuchuluka: 7.93 g/cm³
  • Modulus of Elasticity: 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi)
  • Kutentha kwa mpweya: 16.2 W/m·K pa 100°C
  • Koyefifiti ya Kukulitsa Kutentha: 17.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C)

Kukana Kudzikundikira:

  • Mofanana ndi 304 m'malo ambiri (kukana bwino ma asidi okosijeni, ma asidi achilengedwe)
  • Kukana kwa mabowo pang'ono chifukwa cha nayitrogeni (PREN ≈ 19-20 vs 18 ya 304)
  • Kukana bwino kwambiri ku dzimbiri la intergranular pambuyo pa kuwotcherera (mukamayatsa bwino yankho)
  • Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chloride pamwamba pa kutentha kozungulira (gwiritsani ntchito 316N kapena duplex pa chloride)

Ubwino Waukulu Woposa 304:

  • Mphamvu yochuluka ya 35% imalola makoma opyapyala (kuchepetsa kulemera ndi 20-25%)
  • Kupsinjika kwakukulu kovomerezeka pa ASME Gawo VIII la mitsempha yamagazi yopanikizika
  • Kutha kusinthasintha ndi kupangika kofananako
  • Kukana pang'ono kwa maenje

3. Kutsatira Miyeso ndi Magawo a Dimensional Range

Chinthu Kufotokozera
Muyezo ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 (komanso A358, A249)
Njira Zopangira ERW, EFW, LSAW
Kunja kwa Makulidwe Aakulu ERW: 6.35 - 610mm; EFW / LSAW: 219 - 1524mm
Makulidwe a Wall ERW: 0.5 - 12.7mm; EFW / LSAW: 4.0 - 50mm
Mndandanda wa Ndandanda 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (ya NPS 1/8″ – 48″)
Kutalika kwa Utali Mulingo: 6m; Kutalika: 12m, 18m, mpaka 24m
Mapeto Omaliza Mapeto Opanda Chilema (PE), Mapeto Opindika (BE)
Kumaliza Pamwamba Wothira ndi Wothira, Wowala Wothira, Wopukutidwa
Kulekerera OD: ±0.5% kapena ±3.2mm; Kulemera: ±12.5% ​​(pa ASTM A999); Kutalika: +50mm / -0mm

 

4. Miyeso ndi Mafotokozedwe Omwe Alipo - Chitoliro cha Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri cha ASTM A312 TP304N

NPS OD (mm) Ndandanda Kulemera (mm) Kulemera (kg/m2) Kutalika Kwanthawizonse Ntchito Yachizolowezi
1/2″ 21.3 10S 2.11 1.00 6m Mzere wamadzimadzi
3/4″ 26.7 10S 2.11 1.28 6m Mlingo wa mankhwala
1″ 33.4 10S 2.77 2.09 6m Madzi othamanga kwambiri
1-1/2″ 48.3 10S 2.77 3.11 6m Mzere wa ndondomeko
2″ 60.3 10S 2.77 3.93 6m / 12m Chombo chopanikizika
3″ 88.9 10S 3.05 6.46 6m / 12m Chigawo cha kapangidwe kake
4″ 114.3 10S 3.05 8.37 6m / 12m Chosinthira kutentha
6″ 168.3 10S 3.40 13.8 6m / 12m Mpweya wopangira mapepala
8″ 219.1 10S 3.76 20.0 12m Mbali ya pamwamba pa nyanja
10″ 273.0 10S 4.19 27.8 12m Thandizo la kapangidwe ka nyumba
12″ 323.9 10S 4.57 36.0 12m Mutu waukulu
16″ 406.4 10S 4.78 47.4 12m Chipolopolo cha chotengera cha kuthamanga
20″ 508.0 10S 5.54 68.6 12m Dayamita lalikulu
24″ 609.6 10S 6.35 94.4 12m Thanki yosungiramo zinthu

Miyeso yapadera kunja kwa miyeso iyi ilipo. TP304N imalola makoma opyapyala kuposa 304 kuti apeze mphamvu yofanana.

5. Miyezo ndi Magiredi a Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri Chopangidwa ndi Womic Steel

Muyezo Magiredi a Zitsulo Ntchito Yachizolowezi Njira Yowotcherera
ASTM A312 TP304N, TP304, TP304L, TP316N, TP316 Ntchito yowononga, kupanikizika ERW/EFW/LSAW
ASTM A358 TP304N, TP304, TP316 Cholumikizira chamagetsi cholumikizidwa EFW
ASTM A249 TP304N Boiler, superheater, chosinthira kutentha ERW/EFW
ASTM A312 TP304L, TP316L Ntchito yowononga zinthu zambiri ERW/EFW/LSAW
EN 10217-7 1.4315 (304N) Zolinga za kupanikizika SAW/ERW

Kagwiritsidwe:Mitsempha yothamanga, zida zomangira, mapaipi akunja, kukonza mankhwala, zosinthira kutentha, zida zopangira mapepala.

6. Njira Yopangira - Chitoliro Chosapanga Chitsulo Chosenda (ERW, EFW, LSAW)

Njira ya ERW (Kuwotcherera Magetsi) - Yaing'ono mpaka Yapakati (6.35–610mm OD):

1. Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zopangira (Kudula/Kudula):Chingwe cha TP304N chotsimikiziridwa kuti chili ndi kapangidwe kake (Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11%, N 0.10-0.16%). Choyira chilichonse chili ndi nambala yapadera ya kutentha.

2. Kutsegula ndi Kulinganiza

3. Kudula Mphepete mwa Mzere

4. Kupanga:Kupanga mipukutu mosalekeza.

5. Kuwotcherera kwa Mafupipafupi Kwambiri:Kutentha koyenera (≤ 1.5 kJ/mm) kuti nayitrogeni isungidwe. Kuthamanga kwambiri kungafunike.

6. Kusoka kwa Msoko:Kulowetsa kwa induction kutsatiridwa ndi kutseka kwa madzi.

7. Kukula ndi Kuwongolera

8. Kudula Motalika

9. NDT:Mayeso a Eddy current (100%) + UT yosankha.

10.Kuthira Mayankho (Chitoliro Chonse):1040-1120°C, chozimitsira madzi. Chofunika kwambiri pakusungunula ma nitride ndikubwezeretsa mphamvu zake.

11.Mayeso a Hydrostatic

12.Kusankha ndi Kusangalala

13.Kutsimikizira kwa PMI (XRF) & Nayitrogeni (ngati kwatchulidwa)

14.Kuyang'anira Komaliza ndi Kulemba

Njira ya EFW (Electric Fusion Welding) - Chidutswa Chachikulu (219–1219mm OD, 4.0–50mm WIT):

1. Kukonzekera Mbale:Mbale ya TP304N, m'mbali mwake muli beveled (X bevel).

2. Kupanga Ma Roll

3. Kuwotcherera kwa Tack

4. TIG (GTAW) Root Pass:Chodzaza chofanana (ER308 kapena ER304N), mpweya wobwerera kumbuyo wa argon.

5. Ma SAW Fill & Cap Passes:Kuwongola zinthu mosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kolamulidwa (≤ 1.8 kJ/mm), kulowetsa zinthu mozungulira ≤ 150°C.

6. Cholukizira chamkati

7. Kuyesa kwa X-ray kwa 100%(pa ASTM A358)

8. Kusakaniza kwa Yankho:Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa mapaipi onse (1040-1120°C), chozimitsira madzi.

9. Kusankha ndi Kusangalala

10.Mayeso a Hydrostatic

11.Kuyang'anira ndi Kulemba Magawo

Njira ya LSAW ya Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzira – Chimakula Kwambiri (406–1524mm OD, 6.0–50mm WIT):

  • UOE kapena JCOE yopangidwa kuchokera ku mbale ya TP304N
  • Kuwotcherera kwa SAW mbali ziwiri
  • Kuthira yankho lonse pambuyo pa kuwotcherera

Zinthu Zapadera Zoganizira za TP304N:

  • Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kuyenera kulamulidwa kuti kupewe mvula ya nitride
  • Kutenthetsa kwa yankho lothira madzi kumapeto kwa mtunda (1080-1120°C) kuti lisungunuke ma nitride
  • Kuzimitsa madzi ndikofunikira kuti nayitrogeni isungidwe mu yankho lolimba
  • Zogwiritsidwa ntchito zowotcherera ziyenera kukhala ndi nayitrogeni yofanana (ER308L yokhala ndi N yowonjezera)
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7. Njira Zowongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa Chitoliro cha Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri cha ASTM A312 TP304N

Gawo Njira Yowunikira Cholinga
Zopangira Kusanthula kwa Mankhwala (OES + Kuyaka kwa N) Tsimikizani TP304N (N 0.10-0.16%, Cr 18-20%, Ni 8-11%)
Zopangira Kuyesa Kwamphamvu Tsimikizani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ≥ 275 MPa, kukoka ≥ 550 MPa
Zopangira Kuuma ≤ 90 HRB
Mukukonzekera Kuwunika Kulowetsa Kutentha ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm
Kulukira (ERW) Mphamvu ya Eddy (100%) Umphumphu wa weld
Kulukana (EFW/LSAW) 100% UT (kapena PAUT) Dziwani zolakwika za weld
Kulukana (EFW/LSAW) RT (malo kapena 100% pa spec) Ubwino wa weld
Kulukana Cholowetsa Utoto (PT) Ming'alu pamwamba
Pambuyo pa Kuthetsa Mayankho Mayeso a Kuuma ≤ 90 HRB
Pambuyo pa Kuthetsa Mayankho Kutsimikizira kwa Nayitrogeni (ngati kwatchulidwa) Tsimikizani kuchuluka kwa N mu chitoliro chomalizidwa
Chitoliro Chomalizidwa Mayeso a Hydrostatic Kukhulupirika kwa kupsinjika
Chitoliro Chomalizidwa Kupindika / Kupindika Kotsogozedwa Kusinthasintha
Chitoliro Chomalizidwa PMI (XRF) Tsimikizani giredi (Cr, Ni)
Chitoliro Chomalizidwa Zojambula ndi Zolemba Kutsata

Mayeso Osankha:

  • Mayeso okwera a kutentha (ngati pakufunika pakupanga)
  • Mayeso a dzimbiri la payipi (ASTM G48) kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mofunikira
  • Mayeso a dzimbiri a intergranular (ASTM A262 Practice E)

8. Ntchito Zoyambira - Chitoliro cha ASTM A312 TP304N Chopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri

1. Ziwiya zopopera mphamvu ndi matanki osungiramo zinthu:Kupsinjika kwakukulu kovomerezeka pa ASME Gawo VIII kumalola makoma opyapyala (kusunga kulemera kwa 20-25%) poyerekeza ndi 304.

2. Zigawo za kapangidwe kake m'malo owononga:Zothandizira pamwamba pa nsanja ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mafelemu a zomera za mankhwala, mizati ya zomera zokonzera chakudya. Mphamvu zambiri zimachepetsa kukula kwa gawo.

3. Mapaipi okhala pamwamba pa nsanja yapanyanja:Kukonza mapaipi komwe kumafunika kupanikizika kwakukulu koma sikufunika duplex. TP304N imapereka mphamvu yapakati.

4. Kukonza mankhwala (makina opanikizika kwambiri):Mapaipi olowera/otulutsira a reactor, mizere yotumizira mphamvu yamphamvu pomwe 304 si yokwanira koma 316L ndi yochuluka kwambiri.

5. Zipolopolo ndi machubu otenthetsera kutentha:Kupanikizika kwa mbali ya chipolopolo kungawonjezeke popanda kukhuthala kwa chipolopolocho. Machubu amatha kukhala ndi makoma opyapyala kuti kutentha kusamutsidwe bwino.

6. Zipangizo zopangira mapepala:Mizere yopukutira madzi, mapaipi okonzekera chakudya omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri amalimbana ndi kukokoloka ndi dzimbiri.

7. Malo opangira mowa ndi mapaipi a mkaka:Makina a CIP (Clean-In-Place) okhala ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri komanso mizere ya zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa 10-15 bar.

8. Mizere yamadzimadzi:Zipangizo ndi zingwe zowongolera zomwe zimafuna kupanikizika kwakukulu kuposa 304.

9. Mapampu ndi ma valve:Zigawo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena zopangidwa (zimalowa m'malo mwa 304 ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka).

10.Machitidwe oyeretsera madzi amphamvu kwambiri:Mizere yolumikizira ya reverse osmosis (kupanikizika kwakukulu).

11.Kapangidwe ka nyumba:Kumene mphamvu yapamwamba imalola ma profiles opyapyala (zogwirizira, zothandizira).

9. Kulongedza ndi Kutumiza - Chitoliro cha ASTM A312 TP304N Chopangidwa ndi Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri

Kupaka:

  • Chitetezo choletsa dzimbiri:Mapaipi opakidwa mafuta kapena pepala la VCI. Pa chakudya/kupangira mowa, palibe zotsalira za mafuta (pulasitiki).
  • Zipewa zomaliza:Zipewa zapulasitiki zomangira mbali zopindika.
  • Kulumikiza (Ma diameter ang'onoang'ono):Mapaketi okhala ndi zingwe zachitsulo ndi mapepala olumikizana.
  • Ma phukusi a munthu aliyense payekha (Ma diameter akuluakulu):Chikwama cha pulasitiki.
  • Mabokosi amatabwapa ntchito zofunika kwambiri.

Manyamulidwe:

  • Mabotolo a ≤ 610mm, olemera kwambiri kuti akhale ndi mainchesi akuluakulu.
  • Zolemba:MTC 3.1/3.2, lipoti la mayeso a hydrotest, malipoti a eddy current/UT, lipoti la PMI, lipoti la dimensional, mndandanda wa zonyamula, COO.

10. Ubwino ndi Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri pa Chitsulo cha Womic - Chitoliro cha Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri cha ASTM A312 TP304N

N’chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kugwirizana ndi Womic Steel pa Chitoliro Chosemedwa cha TP304N?

  • Kukula Konse: ERW 1/4″ – 24″, EFW/LSAW 8″ – 60″.
  • Kuthira madzi kwathunthu pambuyo pa kuwotcherera (1040-1120°C, chozimitsira madzi).
  • Kusungidwa kwa nayitrogeni kumatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu kusanthula kutentha.
  • Mphamvu zambiri zimathandiza kuti makoma opapatiza akhale ochepa - kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 20-25% kuposa 304.
  • Nthawi zotsogola pampikisano: masiku 25-35 a ERW, masiku 35-50 a EFW/LSAW.
  • Chitsimikizo Chapadziko Lonse: ISO 9001, PED (CE), EN 10204 Type 3.2.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri) - Chitoliro Chosemedwa cha ASTM A312 TP304N

Q: Kodi ubwino wa TP304N ndi wotani poyerekeza ndi muyezo wa 304?
A: TP304N ili ndi mphamvu yokwera ndi 35% (275 MPa vs 205 MPa) pomwe ikupitirizabe kukana dzimbiri, kusinthasintha, komanso kusinthasintha. Izi zimathandiza opanga mapangidwe kugwiritsa ntchito makoma opyapyala pazitseko zopanikizika ndi mapaipi, kuchepetsa kulemera ndi 20-25% ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa zinthu kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu yofanana. Pa ntchito zomangira, magawo ang'onoang'ono angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Q: Kodi TP304N ndi yokwera mtengo kuposa 304?
A: Pang'ono, chifukwa cha kusakaniza kwa nayitrogeni ndi kuwongolera kwambiri kapangidwe kake. Komabe, kuchepetsa kulemera (makoma owonda 20-25%) nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mtengo wotsika wa zinthu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zili ndi kupanikizika. Pazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu, kuchepetsa kulemera kungathandize kuchepetsa mtengo wokwera wa chinthucho.

Q: Kodi TP304N ingalumikizidwe popanda kutaya nayitrogeni?
A: Inde, ndi magawo oyenera a welding (kulowetsa kutentha kochepa, ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm) ndi chitsulo choyenera chodzaza (ER308 kapena ER304N). Nayitrogeni yomwe imasungidwa mu weld metal nthawi zambiri imakhala 80-90% ya chitsulo choyambira. Njira ya Womic's ERW imagwiritsa ntchito welding yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imachepetsa kutayika kwa nayitrogeni. Pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri, kupopera madzi pambuyo pa welding kumabwezeretsa kufalikira kwa nayitrogeni.

Q: Kodi TP304N imafuna kulowetsedwa kwa yankho pambuyo powotcherera?
A: ASTM A312 imafuna kulowetsedwa kwa yankho la chitoliro cholumikizidwa. Pa TP304N, kulowetsedwa kwa yankho pa 1040-1120°C kutsatiridwa ndi kuzima kwa madzi ndikofunikira kuti musungunule ma nitride aliwonse omwe angakhale atapangidwa panthawi yolowetsedwa komanso kubwezeretsa kukana kwathunthu dzimbiri ndi mphamvu zamakanika. Womic imachita kulowetsedwa kwa yankho pa mapaipi onse olowetsedwa a TP304N.

Q: Kodi TP304N ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi a m'nyanja?
A: Sikoyenera. TP304N ili ndi kukana kofanana kwa dzenje la 304 (PREN ≈ 19-20). Pa madzi a m'nyanja kapena malo okhala ndi chloride yambiri, gwiritsani ntchito 316N (yokhala ndi Mo) kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha duplex. TP304N ndi ya ntchito zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri m'malo omwe si a chloride kapena okhala ndi chloride yochepa.

Q: Kodi kupsinjika kwa TP304N komwe kumaloledwa mu ASME Gawo VIII ndi kotani?
A: Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, kupsinjika kovomerezeka kwa TP304N kuli pafupifupi 137 MPa (20,000 psi) poyerekeza ndi 115 MPa (16,700 psi) pa 304 - pafupifupi 19% kuposa. Mitengo yeniyeni imadalira kutentha; onani ASME Gawo II, Gawo D. Opanga ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yolondola yovomerezeka ya kupsinjika kwa giredi yeniyeni.

Q: Kodi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha TP304N cholumikizidwa ndi waya ndi iti?
A: Masiku 25-35 a ERW (ma diameter ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati), masiku 35-50 a EFW/LSAW (ma diameter akuluakulu). TP304N ndi giredi yokhazikika ya mphero zambiri, kotero nthawi yotsogolera ndi yofanana ndi 304.

Q: Kodi TP304N ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka kutentha kwambiri (kupitirira 500°C)?
A: Mphamvu ya kutentha kwambiri ya TP304N ndi yabwino kuposa 304 chifukwa cha kulimbitsa kwa nayitrogeni. Komabe, kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino kuposa 550°C, mitundu yokhala ndi mpweya wochuluka (304H) kapena mitundu yosagwedezeka (321H, 347H) ndi yabwino kwambiri. TP304N ndi yoyenera kwambiri kutentha pang'ono (<425°C) komwe kumafunika mphamvu.

11. Chidziwitso cha Pulojekiti - Mapaipi Opita Pamwamba pa Pulatifomu Yapanyanja & Zothandizira Pakapangidwe (Brazil)

Dziko:Brazil (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro)
Muyezo ndi Giredi:ASTM A312 TP304N (yolumikizidwa)
Miyeso ndi Kuchuluka:

  • OD 219.1mm (8″) × Ndondomeko 10S (3.76mm WIT) – mamita 1,200 (pafupifupi matani 28) – Njira ya EFW
  • OD 168.3mm (6″) × Ndondomeko 10S (3.40mm WT) – mamita 1,800 (pafupifupi matani 22) – Njira ya ERW
  • OD 114.3mm (4″) × Ndondomeko 10S (3.05mm WIT) – mamita 2,500 (pafupifupi matani 20) – Njira ya ERW
  • OD 60.3mm (2″) × Ndondomeko 10S (2.77mm WIT) – mamita 3,000 (pafupifupi matani 12) – Njira ya ERW
  • OD 406.4mm (16″) × Ndondomeko 10S (4.78mm WIT) – mamita 300 (pafupifupi matani 12) – Njira ya EFW (magawo a kapangidwe kake)

Zonse:Mamita 8,800 (8.8 km), pafupifupi matani 94

Mafotokozedwe:Mayankho a ASTM A312 TP304N ophimbidwa ndi kuviikidwa m'madzi, opindika. Kuyesa kwa hydrostatic. 100% UT ya mapaipi a EFW, mphamvu ya eddy ya ERW. PMI pa chitoliro chilichonse. Kuyesa kwa tensile (kuchuluka kwa ≥ 275 MPa, kufika pa 310-340 MPa; tensile ≥ 550 MPa, kufika pa 580-620 MPa). Kugunda kwa Charpy pa -20°C (mphindi 27J, kufika pa 100-150J). Kuyesa kwa dzimbiri kwa intergranular malinga ndi ASTM A262 Practice E (pass). Kuyang'aniridwa ndi DNV Brazil ndi chipani chachitatu.

Ntchito:Mapaipi opangira zinthu pamwamba ndi zothandizira kapangidwe kake pa nsanja yopanga zinthu zakunja kwa dziko ku Campos Basin. Zipangizo zopangira zinthu zopangira zinthu zimapanga madzi ndi mpweya wochepa mphamvu pa 50-80°C yokhala ndi chloride yochepa (madzi opangidwa ndi mankhwala). Zipangizo zopangira zinthuzi ndi za zida zotchingira ndi zoyika mapaipi. Nsanjayi inkafunika kuchepetsa kulemera kuti iwonjezere nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito (nkhawa zotopa). TP304N idasankhidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yochulukitsa 35%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makoma opapatiza (Ndondomeko 10S m'malo mwa Ndondomeko 40S) a mapaipi ndi ziwalo zomangira.

Nkhani ya Uinjiniya:Pulatifomuyi poyamba idapangidwira mapaipi a 304. Mwa kukweza kupita ku TP304N ndikuchepetsa makulidwe a khoma kuchokera pa Schedule 40S (4.55-8.18mm) kupita ku Schedule 10S (2.77-4.78mm), gulu la mainjiniya linapeza kuchepa kwa kulemera kwa 45% pa mapaipi ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 30% pa zothandizira zomangamanga - kupulumutsa kulemera konse kwa matani 35 (27% ya kulemera koyambirira). Izi zinalola kuti nsanjayo ikhalebe mkati mwa bajeti yake yolemera pamwamba.

Mavuto ndi Mayankho a Ukadaulo:

  • Kuchepetsa thupi popanda kusokoneza kupanikizika– Mphamvu yokwera ya TP304N inalola makoma opyapyala pa ASME B31.3 iliyonse. Pa mapaipi a 8″, Schedule 10S (3.76mm) inalowa m'malo mwa Schedule 40S (8.18mm), kuchepetsa kulemera ndi 54%. Womic inapereka satifiketi yoyezera kuthamanga ndi malipoti oyesera kuthamanga. Mayeso a Hydrostatic pa 3.0 MPa adadutsa (kupanikizika kwa kapangidwe kake 1.8 MPa, kuthamanga kwa mayeso 2.7 MPa).
  • Kufananiza mphamvu yachitsulo chosungunula– Chitsulo cholumikizira cha ERW ndi EFW chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi chitsulo choyambira. Magawo a ERW okonzedwa bwino kuti akwaniritse kugwira ntchito bwino kwa majoini a weld a 95% (mphamvu yolumikizira 560 MPa poyerekeza ndi maziko 590 MPa). Ma EFW welds pogwiritsa ntchito ER308 filler adapeza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa majoini 100%. Mayeso onse olumikizirana a weld adapambana.
  • Kukana dzimbiri pa makulidwe a khoma otsika– Makoma owonda amakhala ndi dzimbiri lochepa. Madzi omwe amapangidwa amakhala ndi chloride yochepa (< 50 ppm) yokhala ndi pH 6.5-7.5, kotero kuti dzimbiri ndi yotsika. TP304N ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa dzenje kuposa 304 chifukwa cha nayitrogeni. Womic adachita mayeso a ASTM G48 (maola 24 pa 22°C) – palibe dzenje. Kasitomala wavomereza.
  • Kapangidwe kothandizira kapangidwe ka nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito TP304N– Mizati ya kapangidwe ka 16″ idagwiritsa ntchito Schedule 10S (4.78mm) m'malo mwa Schedule 40S (9.53mm). Kusanthula kwa Finite element (FEA) kunatsimikizira kuti khoma lopyapyala lokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya TP304N limapereka mphamvu yofanana ya katundu. Womic idapereka kulekerera kowongoka ≤ 0.15% kuti mizati ikhale yolimba.
  • Njira yowotcherera munda ya TP304N– Gulu lokonza pulatifomu linkafunika kusintha mapaipi panthawi yoyika. Womic inapereka WPS pogwiritsa ntchito GTAW yokhala ndi ER308 filler, heat input ≤ 1.8 kJ/mm, interpass ≤ 150°C. Makuponi 20 a weld adadutsa RT, PT, ndi tensile testing.
  • Katundu wopita ku Campos Basin– Mapaipi anatumizidwa kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku Rio de Janeiro, kenako kupita ku nsanja yakunja kwa dziko kudzera m'chombo choperekera katundu. DNV inayang'ana mapaipi pamene akunyamula katundu. Matani onse 94 anatumizidwa m'magawo awiri mkati mwa milungu 5.

Zotsatira:Mapaipi okhala pamwamba pa pulatifomu ndi zothandizira zomangamanga zinayikidwa mu kotala lachiwiri la 2024. Kuchepetsa kulemera kwa matani 35 kunalola kuti pulatifomuyo ikwaniritse malire ake olemera pamwamba popanda kufunikira kulimbitsa kapangidwe kake. Pambuyo pa miyezi 12 yogwira ntchito, kuwunika sikunawonetse kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri kapena kusweka kwa weld. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito TP304N pakukonzanso mtsogolo pulatifomu kuti achepetse kulemera ndikuwonjezera moyo wa katundu. Womic Steel tsopano ndi wogulitsa woyenerera pazosowa za payipi yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ya wogwiritsa ntchito uyu.

Lumikizanani nafe:
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Chitsulo cha Womic - Mnzanu wodalirika wa mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri a ASTM A312 TP304N olumikizidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'zitsime zopondereza, mapulatifomu akunja, ntchito zomangira, ndi makina a mankhwala opondereza kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

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