Zinthu Zapakati (Zothandizira)
● SA-210 Gr.C / EN10216-2 (ntchito ya chitsulo cha kaboni - boiler wamba)
● SA-213 T91 (X10CrMoVNb9-1 / 1.4903 - chitsulo cha alloy chosagwedezeka)
Kuphimba (CRA lining):
● TP304L (1.4306) - chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choteteza dzimbiri
● UNS N08028 (1.4563 / Alloy 28) – alloy ya Cr/Ni/Mo/Cu yapamwamba yopangira malo okhala ndi acidic ndi chloride
● UNS N08825 (2.4858 / Incoloy 825) – aloyi yopangidwa ndi nickel ya mpweya wowawasa, H₂S/CO₂/chloride
Njira Yogwirira Ntchito:Kutulutsa kotentha → kutsirizitsa kozizira → mankhwala otentha → kusakaniza. Kopanda msoko, kopanda kusungunula kwa nthawi yayitali. Mphamvu yodula yachitsulo ≥300 MPa.
Kuyesa & Chitsimikizo:Mayeso a hydrostatic 100%, mayeso a ultrasonic malinga ndi ASTM E213 ndi ISO 10893-10. Kutsatira ASME Gawo II Gawo A, EN12952-2 (kuphatikiza Gawo C). Satifiketi ya Mill EN 10204 Mtundu 3.1 (Mtundu 3.2 wokhala ndi mboni ya chipani chachitatu yosankha).
Mapulogalamu:Makoma a madzi a boiler, ma superheater, ma reheater, ma high pressure heat exchangers, ma water retaining water heaters, ma sour service boiler feedwater heaters, zida zosinthira kutentha ku fakitale yoyeretsera.
Chitsulo cha Womicimapereka chitoliro chopanda msoko chosavuta kutsatira chomwe chimapangidwa motsatira malamulo aku Europe ndi ASME. Sankhani kuphatikiza kwanu kwa core + cladding. Kuwunika kwa chipani chachitatu ndi kuyesa mboni kulipo. Lumikizanani nafe kuti mupeze ma datasheet aukadaulo ndi mtengo wotumizira.
1. Chidule cha Zamalonda - Chitoliro Chopanda Msoko Chopanda Zitsulo Chopangidwa ndi Hot Extrusion
Chitoliro chopanda zitsulo chopanda msoko chimasiyana kwambiri ndi chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi makina kapena chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi welded. Pakati ndi chitoliro zimalumikizidwa nthawi zonse ndi kufalikira kwa atomiki panthawi yotentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mgwirizano womwe sungasunthike pansi pa kutentha, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kapena kupindika.
Chifukwa chiyani chopanda msoko (chopanda chotchingira cha longitudinal)?
Mitsempha yolumikizira ya longitudinal ndi malo omwe angalephereke pa kutentha kwambiri komanso ntchito yozungulira yozungulira. Kapangidwe kopanda msoko kamachotsa chiopsezochi konse. Njira yotulutsira kutentha imakonzanso kapangidwe ka tirigu, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yokwawa komanso kukana kutopa.
Chifukwa chiyani kutentha kumatuluka + kutsirizitsa kozizira + mankhwala otentha + kusakaniza?
●Kutentha kotulutsa:Imakwaniritsa mgwirizano wa zitsulo pa kutentha kwambiri, kuchepetsa gawo lopingasa ndi >8:1 - imatsimikizira mawonekedwe a phokoso.
● Kumaliza kozizira (kujambula kozizira / kuyenda mozungulira):Imapereka kulekerera kolondola kwa OD ndi makulidwe a khoma, kutsirizika bwino kwa pamwamba, komanso kukulitsa mphamvu zamakina kudzera mu kuuma kwa ntchito (kutsatiridwa ndi chithandizo choyenera cha kutentha).
● Chithandizo cha kutentha:Imabwezeretsa mphamvu ya ductility, imachepetsa kupsinjika, ndipo imapanga kapangidwe kake ka microstructure kofunikira (monga, normalizing + tempering ya SA-210 Gr.C ndi T91; solution annealing ya CRA layers).
● Kusankha:Amachotsa oxide scale (magnetite, hematite) yomwe yatsala pa ntchito yotentha komanso yotenthetsera. Zotsatira zake zimakhala malo oyera komanso opanda mankhwala owonjezera - ofunikira kuti boiler ndi heat exchanger zikhale nthawi yayitali.
Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumapereka chubu chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri za ASME Section I, EN12952, ndi PED 2014/68/EU.
2. Kuphatikiza Zinthu - Core + Cladding
Mitundu itatu yofunidwa kwambiri yochokera ku mapulojekiti amagetsi ndi petrochemical yafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa. Iliyonse imayang'ana pa mikhalidwe yosiyana ya ntchito.
2.1 Kuphatikiza A: SA-210 Gr.C + TP304L (1.4306)
| Chizindikiro | Core (Kuthandizira) | Kuphimba (CRA) |
| Zinthu Zofunika | SA-210 Gr.C / EN10216-2 | TP304L (1.4306) |
| Muyezo | Gawo lachiwiri la ASME Gawo A / EN10216-2 | ASME SA-213 / EN10088-3 |
| Kagwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri | Makoma a madzi a boiler, zinthu zotetezera, ma superheaters otsika kutentha | Chitetezo cha dzimbiri ku madzi oundana pang'ono okhala ndi asidi komanso okosijeni |
| Kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito | ~450°C | ~400°C (mu zinthu zowononga) |
| Kukhuthala kwa cladding | – | 1.5 - 3.0 mm |
| Ubwino | Kutha kupotoza bwino, mtengo wake ndi wochepa, ndipo umapezeka kwambiri | Mpweya wochepa umapewa kukhudzidwa ndi kutentha; umalimbana bwino ndi okosijeni ndi dzimbiri lonse |
Zabwino kwambiri pa:Machubu a madzi a m'makoma a boiler omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malasha omwe mkati mwake mumakhudza madzi/nthunzi ndi kutsukidwa ndi asidi nthawi zina kapena kuipitsidwa pang'ono.
2.2 Kuphatikiza B: SA-213 T91 (1.4903) + UNS N08028 (Aloyi 28 / 1.4563)
| Chizindikiro | Core (Kuthandizira) | Kuphimba (CRA) |
| Zinthu Zofunika | SA-213 T91 Mtundu 1 (X10CrMoVNb9-1) | UNS N08028 (Aloyi 28) |
| Muyezo | Gawo la ASME II Gawo A / EN10216 2 | SB 668 / EN10088-3 |
| Kagwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri | Zotenthetsera/zotenthetsera zotentha kwambiri, zotenthetsera zotayira | Mpweya wothira asidi (sulfuric/phosphoric acid), wokhala ndi ma chloride ambiri |
| Kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito | 650°C (malo otsetsereka) | 450°C (ikugwiritsidwa ntchito yowononga) |
| Kukhuthala kwa cladding | – | 2.0 – 3.5 mm |
| Ubwino | Mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yopasuka kwa crack, kukana okosijeni | PREN 38-40; imalimbana ndi dzimbiri, kusweka kwa ming'alu, komanso kusweka kwa dzimbiri mu ma chloride |
Zabwino kwambiri pa:Magawo otsiriza a boiler ofunikira kwambiri, ma boiler obwezeretsa kutentha kotayika pansi pa zomera za sulfuric acid, ma boiler a biomass okhala ndi chlorine yambiri mu mpweya wotuluka.
2.3 Kuphatikiza C: SA-210 Gr.C + UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825 / 2.4858)
| Chizindikiro | Core (Kuthandizira) | Kuphimba (CRA) |
| Zinthu Zofunika | SA-210 Gr.C / EN10216-2 | UNS N08825 (Incoloy 825) |
| Muyezo | Gawo la ASME II Gawo A / EN10216 2 | SB 163 / VdTUV 432 |
| Kagwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri | Zotenthetsera madzi a boiler, zosinthira kutentha kwa fakitale yoyeretsera | Utumiki wowawasa (H₂S + CO₂ + chlorides), kuchepetsa asidi |
| Kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito | ~450°C | ~450°C (mu ntchito youma) |
| Kukhuthala kwa cladding | – | 2.0 – 3.5 mm |
| Ubwino | Pakati pake yotsika mtengo, kulimba bwino | NACE MR0175 imagwirizana; imakana SSC, HIC, ndi dzimbiri lonse mu H₂S yonyowa |
Zabwino kwambiri pa:Zotenthetsera madzi m'mafakitale opangira gasi, zosinthira kutentha zomwe zimagwira ntchito yopangidwa ndi madzi kapena amine, ntchito iliyonse yomwe imafuna kudalirika kwambiri motsutsana ndi dzimbiri loipa.
3. Njira Yopangira - Kuchokera ku Billet kupita ku Pickled Tube
Njira yopangira imayendetsedwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti mgwirizano ndi wolondola.
| Gawo | Ntchito | Magawo Ofunika | Kuyendera |
| 1 | Msonkhano wa billet wopangidwa ndi gulu | Choboola chapakati, choyikidwa ndi CRA, chotsekedwa ndi vacuum (≤10 Pa) | Zooneka, zooneka bwino |
| 2 | Kutentha kotentha | 1150-1250°C, chiŵerengero chochepetsera ≥8:1, liwiro lolamulidwa | Kujambula kutentha, mawonekedwe a malo otuluka |
| 3 | Kumaliza kozizira | Kujambula kozizira kapena kuyendayenda (kupita kangapo ndi kulowetsa pakati) | Kuyang'ana miyeso pa pasipoti iliyonse |
| 4 | Chithandizo cha kutentha | Kusinthasintha + kutentha kwa pakati; kupopera kwa yankho la CRA (kutengera mtundu wake) | Tchati cha kutentha kwa nthawi cholembedwa, mayeso a kuuma |
| 5 | Kusankha | Kumiza mu bafa la HNO₃+HF, kenako kutsuka ndi madzi | Kuwona pamwamba, kuyesa kunyowa, kutsimikizira kopanda sikelo |
| 6 | Kuwongola ndi kudula | Kuwongolera bwino, kudula molingana ndi kutalika komwe kwasankhidwa | Kuwunika kwa laser kwa kuwongoka (≤1.5mm/m2) |
| 7 | NDT ndi mayeso a hydrotest | Pa Gawo 4 | Malipoti operekedwa |
| 8 | Malizitsani kumaliza ndi kulongedza | Malekezero a bevel (ngati atchulidwa), mafuta, zipewa zapulasitiki | Mndandanda wowoneka bwino, wolongedza |
4. Pulogalamu Yowunikira ndi Kuyesa - Kukwaniritsa Miyezo ya ASME ndi EN
Mapaipi onse otsekedwa bwino amayesedwa motere, malinga ndi miyezo yomwe kasitomala wapereka: ASTM E213, ISO 10893-10, EN12952-2 (kuphatikiza gawo C), ndi ASME SA-450.
| Mayeso | Muyezo | Chigawo | Kuvomereza |
| Kuyesa kwa Ultrasonic 100% (zolakwika zakutali) | ASTM E213, ISO 10893-10 | Utali wonse wa chubu, kumiza kokha kapena njira yolumikizirana | Palibe echo ya chilema chopitirira mulingo wofotokozera; zilema zolunjika > kutalika kovomerezeka kwakanidwa |
| Mayeso a Hydrostatic | ASME SA-450 / EN12952-2 | Chubu chilichonse, kupanikizika ≥ 1.5 × kapangidwe ka kupanikizika, gwirani ≥ 10s | Palibe kutayikira, kukulitsa kosatha mkati mwa malire |
| Mayeso olimba (zinthu zofunika kwambiri) | SA-210 / SA-213 / EN10216-2 | Pa kutentha / gulu lililonse | Kutulutsa, kukoka, kutalikitsa kumakwaniritsa zofunikira |
| Mayeso osalala | ASME SA-450 | Chimodzi pa kutentha / kukula | Palibe ming'alu mpaka mtunda wa mbale = 2/3 OD (kapena malinga ndi muyezo) |
| Mayeso a kuuma | EN12952-2 C | Chimake ndi cladding (ngati mukufuna malo omangira) | Core ≤ spec, cladding ≤ spec |
| Zooneka ndi zooneka bwino | SA-450 / EN12952-2 | 100% | OD, makulidwe a khoma, kutalika, kutha kwa pamwamba, mawonekedwe a bevel |
Mayeso owonjezera akafunsidwa:
● Mphamvu yochepetsera chigwirizano (kuyesa kukankhira kunja) pa API 5LD iliyonse
● Kutupa kwa intergranular (ASTM A262 Practice E yopangira austenitic cladding)
● Kugunda kwa charpy (pakati pa kutentha komwe kwatchulidwa)
● NACE TM0177 / TM0284 yothandiza pa ntchito yonyowa (pa mapaipi ophimbidwa ndi Incoloy 825)
● Kuzindikira zinthu zabwino (PMI) za chivundikiro pogwiritsa ntchito XRF
Zikalata:EN 10204 Mtundu 3.1 (wokhazikika). Mtundu 3.2 wokhala ndi mboni ya chipani chachitatu (SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS, LR) ulipo pamtengo wowonjezera.
5. Magawo ndi Kulekerera kwa Miyeso
Chitoliro chopanda zitsulo chopanda msoko kudzera mu extrusion yotentha + kumaliza kozizira nthawi zambiri chimapezeka mu:
| Chizindikiro | Kuchuluka / Kulekerera |
| M'mimba mwake wakunja (OD) | 25 mm – 168 mm (1″ – 6″). Ma diameter akuluakulu angatheke kudzera mu njira ina (monga, hot roll bonded + welded) – funsani kuti mudziwe zambiri. |
| Kukhuthala kwa khoma lapakati | 3 mm – 15 mm (zimadalira OD ndi kupanikizika) |
| Kukhuthala kwa cladding | 1.5 mm – 3.5 mm (osachepera 1.5 mm kuti chigwirizano chodalirika chikhalepo) |
| Utali | 6 m – 15 m imodzi; yayitali ngati pempho lapadera |
| Kulekerera kwa OD | ± 0.5 mm ya OD <100mm; ± 0.75% ya OD ≥100mm |
| Kulekerera makulidwe a khoma | ± 10% (pakati pokha; cladding imayesedwa padera) |
| Kuwongoka | ≤1.5 mm pa mita imodzi |
Miyeso yapadera ingakambidwe.
6. Mapulogalamu Mwatsatanetsatane
6.1 Makoma a Madzi a Boiler & Economizers (Kuphatikiza A - SA-210+304L)
●Ntchito:Madzi amayamwa kutentha kuchokera ku mpweya wotuluka m'madzi. Pamwamba pa madzi pakhoza kukhala zinthu zowononga kuchokera ku madzi odyetsera kapena kutsukidwa ndi asidi nthawi zina. Kuphimba kwa 304L kumateteza ku pH yochepa ndipo kumaletsa kutayikira kwa dzenje.
● Ubwino kuposa chitsulo chopanda mpweya:Zimachotsa kufunika kwa mankhwala kapena kuchepetsa dzimbiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti makoma opapatiza komanso kapangidwe kopepuka kakhale kofewa.
6.2 Ma Superheaters ndi Ma Reheaters (Kuphatikiza B – T91 + Alloy 28)
● Vuto:Kusungunuka kwa mpweya wotuluka m'mbali mwa nthunzi, kuphatikiza mpweya wotuluka m'madzi wokhala ndi sulfure ndi ma chloride kumayambitsa dzimbiri kutentha kwambiri. T91 imapereka mphamvu yokwera; Alloy 28 imalimbana ndi dzimbiri la mpweya wotuluka m'madzi panthawi yoyambira/yotseka.
● Phindu la munda:Kutalika kwa nthawi ya chubu pakati pa kuzima kwa madzi, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa oxide yochokera ku nthunzi.
6.3 Zotenthetsera Madzi Otentha (Combination C – SA-210+Incoloy 825)
Chilengedwe:Ma H₂S ambiri, CO₂, ma chloride m'mbali mwa madzi/nthunzi. Chitsulo cha kaboni chingalephereke chifukwa cha kusweka kwa sulfide mkati mwa miyezi ingapo. Chubu cha Incoloy 825 clad chimapereka ntchito yotsimikizika ya sour service ndipo chimapulumutsa ndalama zambiri poyerekeza ndi 825 yolimba.
6.4 Zosinthira Kutentha Kwambiri (zosakaniza zonse)
Zosinthira kutentha kwa chipolopolo ndi chubukumene madzi am'mbali mwa chubu amawononga koma mbali ya chipolopolo siiwononga. Machubu ophimba amalola kugwiritsa ntchito pepala la chubu la kaboni (lokhala ndi CRA) ndi chophimba chonse mkati mwa chubu.6.5 Kubwezeretsa Kutentha Kotayika (makamaka zomera za sulfuric acid)
Mbali ya mpweya wotentha:mpaka 600°C; T91 yakunja (kapena SA-210 yokhala ndi kuziziritsa koyenera). Zolumikizira zamkati zimachepetsa asidi condensate - Alloy 28 kapena 304L imakana kuukira. Kapangidwe kosalala kamaletsa kutuluka kwa madzi kudzera mu ma weld a longitudinal omwe angakhale oopsa kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa asidi.
Mkhalidwe Wapamwamba - Wothira & Wopanda Kusuta
Mkhalidwe wokhazikika wotumizira zinthu zonse zitatu ndizotsekemera komanso zopanda pake.
●Kusankha:Amachotsa chiŵerengero cha kutentha (iron oxides) chomwe chimapangidwa panthawi yotulutsa kutentha ndi chithandizo cha kutentha. Kusamba kwa asidi (HNO₃ + HF) kumasungunula chiŵerengero popanda kuukira kwambiri chitsulo choyambira.
● Kusasangalala:Pambuyo powaza, filimu yopyapyala yokhala ndi chromium yambiri imapanga yokha pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi malo opangidwa ndi nickel, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzimbiri lisawonongeke.
● Phindu:Yokonzeka kuyikidwa - palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kuyeretsa kapena kuphulitsa mfuti. Yoyenera madzi oyera kwambiri komanso ntchito zochizira mankhwala zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi khungu.
● Mankhwala osankhidwa pamwamba:Kupaka mafuta kuti mupewe dzimbiri kwakanthawi kochepa (pa chitsulo cha carbon chomwe chili pakati chomwe chili kumapeto) - tchulani ngati pakufunika.
● Ngati pakufunika kuyika pamwamba pa chinthu china (monga kupukuta, kuphulitsa, osatulutsa zinthu), chonde pemphani nthawi yoyitanitsa.
8. Zikalata Zabwino ndi Kutsata
Kutumiza kulikonse kumaphatikizapo chikalata chokwanira chapamwamba:
● Satifiketi ya EN 10204 Mtundu wa 3.1(kusanthula kwa mankhwala a pakati ndi cladding, zotsatira zomangika za pakati, kutsimikizira mayeso a hydrostatic, chidule cha lipoti la UT)
●Lipoti lowunikira magawo(OD, WT, kutalika kolembedwa pa phukusi lililonse)
●Zolemba zonse zoyeserera za ultrasonic(kapena chidule chokhala ndi mawu ovomereza)
●Matchati ochizira kutentha(nthawi yozungulira kutentha) ya gulu
●Zolemba za njira yosonkhanitsira(kuchuluka kwa asidi, kutentha, nthawi)
●Mndandanda wa zolongedza ndi invoice yamalonda
●Zosankha:Satifiketi ya EN 10204 Type 3.2 yokhala ndi mboni ya chipani chachitatu (ndalama zowonjezera)
Zikalata zonse zimalumikizidwa ndi manambala a kutentha omwe amasindikizidwa pa chubu chilichonse (sitampu ya die yotsika pa ASME SA-450).
9. Kutumiza ndi Kukonza Zinthu
●Ma phukusi wamba:Zipewa zapulasitiki, zomangiriridwa m'matumba okhala ndi zingwe zachitsulo ndi zotchingira matabwa (za OD yaying'ono) kapena zophimba payokha (za OD yayikulu). Chophimba chosalowa madzi cha katundu wa panyanja.
●Malamulo otumizira:FOB Shanghai/Tianjin (yofala kwambiri), CFR, CIF kupita ku doko lililonse lalikulu. Timakonza chidebe kapena kuswa katundu wambiri.
●Nthawi yotsogolera (kuyerekeza):
● Combination A (SA-210+304L):Masabata 12-14 kuchokera pamene oda yanu yatsimikizika (kutengera katundu wanu)
● Kuphatikiza B (T91+Aloyi 28):Masabata 16-20 (kugula kwapadera kwa aloyi)
● Combination C (SA-210+Incoloy 825):Masabata 16-20 (Incoloy 825 source)
Kuchepetsa nthawi yobweretsera zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa kuti zibwerezedwe.
●Kuchuluka kochepa kwa oda:Palibe MOQ yokhwima pa kuchuluka kwa mayeso (monga, mamita 100-200). Lumikizanani nafe kuti mudziwe mitengo yaying'ono.
10. Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQ) - Zaukadaulo & Zamalonda
Q1: N’chifukwa chiyani muyenera kutchula chitoliro chopanda msoko m’malo mwa chitoliro chopanda msoko?
A: Chitoliro chopanda msoko chili ndipalibe msoko wotchingira wautalimkati kapena mkati mwa denga. Izi zimachotsa malo omwe angalephereke chifukwa cha kutopa kwa kutentha, ntchito ya haidrojeni, kapena kuthamanga kwambiri. Zimapewanso chiopsezo chilichonse cha kudulidwa kwa weld kapena kusowa kwa fusion komwe kungayambitse dzimbiri. Kwa machubu a boiler ndi heat exchanger omwe ayenera kutsatira zofunikira za code (ASME Section I, EN12952), nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuti zikhale zopanda msoko.
Q2: Kodi mungapereke chitoliro chophimbidwa ndi CRA kunja m'malo mwa mkati?
A: Inde. Njira yotulutsira zinthu ikhoza kusinthidwa: ikani CRA pa OD ndi chitsulo cha kaboni/chosakaniza pa ID. Chonde fotokozani mukafunsa.
Q3: Kodi mphamvu ya chivundikiro cha cladding ndi yotani?
A: Mphamvu yoyezera yoyezera kuchokera ku mayeso otulutsa ndi ≥300 MPa. Izi zimaposa zofunikira za API 5LD kapena muyezo uliwonse wodziwika. Pa chubu chotsekedwa ndi extrusion-bonded, mawonekedwe ake amaonedwa kuti ndi osagwirizana ndi ntchito zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse.
Q4: Kodi mumachita mayeso a ultrasound ku ASTM E213 kapena ISO 10893-10?
A: Tili ndi zida zoyesera miyezo yonse iwiri. Nthawi zambiri timapereka ISO 10893-10 pa maoda opita ku Europe ndi ASTM E213 pakutsatira malamulo a ASME. Chonde fotokozani zomwe mumakonda; tithanso kuchita mayeso ophatikizana.
Q5: Nanga bwanji za EN12952-2 gawo C - kodi chithandizo chanu cha kutentha ndi mayeso anu zikugwirizana ndi izi?
A: Inde. Mayendedwe athu osinthira kutentha ndi kusinthasintha amawongoleredwa ndikulembedwa monga momwe EN12952-2 C imafunira. Kuchuluka kwa mayeso amakina, kupendeketsa, ndi kuyesa kwa hydrostatic kumakwaniritsa kapena kupitirira muyezo. Tikhoza kupereka matrix yotsatirira malamulo.
Q6: Kodi malo ophikira ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya / haidrojeni / nthunzi yoyera?
Yankho: Kusakaniza kumachotsa ma oxide koma kungasiye madontho a asidi kapena chinyezi. Pakugwiritsa ntchito koyera kwambiri, tikupangira zina zowonjezera.kuchotsa mafuta ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha(sichikuphatikizidwa mu pickling wamba). Chonde tchulani izi.
Q7: Kodi ndingatchule bwanji miyeso yeniyeni ya kuphatikiza kulikonse?
A: Perekani:
● Chidutswa chakunja cha chubu chomalizidwa
● Kukhuthala kwa khoma lapakati (chitsulo chothandizira)
● Kukhuthala kwa cladding (CRA)
● Kutalika kwa munthu m'modzi (monga, 6m, 12m) ndi kutalika konse (m) pa kuphatikiza kulikonse
Q8: Kodi mungapereke machubu ovala awa mu mawonekedwe a U-bent?
A: Inde, tikhoza kupindika chubu chophikira chomalizidwa (kupindika kozizira ndi mandrel) kutsatiridwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha chochepetsa kupsinjika ndi 100% NDT ya gawo lopindika. Chonde pemphani mtengo wosiyana wa ma U-bends.
Q9: Ndi njira ziti zowunikira za chipani chachitatu zomwe zilipo?
Yankho: Nthawi zonse timagwira ntchito ndi SGS, BV, DNV, TÜV, ABS, ndi LR. Woyang'anira amatha kuwona mayeso onse kapena osankhidwa (hydro, UT, tensile, dimensional). Kenako timapereka satifiketi ya EN 10204 Type 3.2.
Q10: Kodi mumasunga mapaipi ophimbidwa awa?
Yankho: Nthawi zambiri timapanga motsatira oda. Komabe, zinthu zokhazikika monga SA-210+304L mu mainchesi otchuka (monga 63.5×4.88×1.65mm, kutalika 6m) zitha kupezeka kuchokera ku gulu lakale - chonde funsani.
Q11: Kodi kufananiza mtengo ndi chubu cholimba cha alloy champhamvu ndi kotani?
A: Pa mlingo womwewo wa kupanikizika, chubu chophimbidwa (monga T91+Alloy 28) nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwera mtengo40-50% yocheperakokuposa chubu cholimba cha Alloy 28 chokhala ndi makulidwe ofanana a OD ndi khoma. Pa SA-210+Incoloy 825, ndalama zitha kusungidwa ndi 50-60% poyerekeza ndi cholimba 825. Kuchuluka kwenikweni kumadalira makulidwe a cladding ndi zinthu zapakati.
Q12: Kodi muli ndi chidziwitso ndi satifiketi ya VdTUV (monga Incoloy 825 pa VdTUV 432)?
Yankho: Inde. Tapereka mapaipi otsekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale aku Germany omwe akufuna chilolezo cha VdTUV. Tikhoza kufunsa wofufuza wovomerezeka kuti alandire zinthu za VdTUV ndikupereka zikalata zofunika.
Q13: Kodi malekezero a chubu amatsirizika bwanji?
A: Wamba: wodulidwa sikweya, wochotsedwa. Mwanjira ina: wopindika (30-35°), wolumikizidwa ndi ulusi (wa makina olumikizira), kapena wopindika. Malekezero opindika akhoza kuperekedwa ndiKupaka mafuta a CRA(chitsulo chofanana ndi cholumikizira cha alloy chomwe chili pankhope ya bevel) kuti chisasungunuke panthawi yolumikiza. Chonde fotokozani.
Q14: Kodi makulidwe ocheperako a cladding kuti pakhale cholumikizira chodalirika cha extrusion ndi otani?
A: 1.5 mm ndiye njira yathu yotetezeka yogwiritsira ntchito chitoliro chopanda msoko chopanda msoko. Pa makulidwe a chitoliro pansi pa 1.5 mm, kudalirika kwa chitolirocho kumachepa; tikupangira chitoliro chopangidwa ndi chitoliro cholumikizidwa m'malo mwake. Pazinthu zambiri zolola dzimbiri, 2.0 mpaka 2.5 mm ndiye njira yodziwika bwino.
Q15: Kodi pali malire a kutalika kwa chitoliro chopanda msoko?
A: Mphamvu zosindikizira zotulutsa mpweya zimaletsa kutalika kwa chinthu chimodzi kufika pa 15 m pa mainchesi osakwana 100 mm. Pa mainchesi akuluakulu, kutalika kwakukulu kumakhala kofupikitsa (12 m). Ngati kutalika kotalikirapo kukufunika (monga kuzunguliza), titha kuwona kuthekera kotulutsa zidutswa zazitali kuchokera ku machubu otulutsa mpweya ozizira.
11. Lumikizanani ndi Womic Steel kuti mupeze mtengo waukadaulo
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza chitoliro chopanda zitsulo chopanda msoko - chotentha kwambiri, chomalizidwa kuzizira, chotenthedwa ndi kutentha, komanso choviikidwa mu viniga - chonde tumizani mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika (core + cladding, miyeso, kuchuluka, kutalika, mulingo wa satifiketi). Tidzayankha ndi tsatanetsatane wa luso laukadaulo, nthawi yotumizira, ndi mtengo.
Webusaiti: www.womicsteel.com
Imelo: sales@womicsteel.com
Foni / WhatsApp / WeChat:
Victor: +86 15575100681
Jack: +86 18390957568
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